NUR 1275 Oncology Prep U Questions

A client is receiving chemotherapy to treat breast cancer. Which assessment finding indicates a chemotherapy-induced complication? A. Urine output of 400 ml in 8 hours B. Serum potassium level of 2.6 mEq/L C. Blood pressure of 120/64 to 130/72 mm Hg D. Sodium level of 142 mEq/L

B. Serum potassium level of 2.6 mEq/L

A client's most recent diagnostic imaging has revealed that lung cancer has metastasized to the bones and liver. What is the most likely mechanism by which the client's cancer cells spread? A. Apoptosis B. Lymphatic circulation C. Invasion D. Angiogenesis

B. Lymphatic circulation

A client has been receiving chemotherapy to treat cancer. Which assessment finding suggests that the client has developed stomatitis? A. White, cottage cheese-like patches on the tongue B. Yellow tooth discoloration C. Red, open sores on the oral mucosa D. Rust-colored sputum

C. Red, open sores on the oral mucosa

Which type of surgery is used in an attempt to relieve complications of cancer? A. Palliative B. Prophylactic C. Reconstructive D. Salvage

A. Palliative

Which statement by a client undergoing external radiation therapy indicates the need for further teaching? A. "I'll wash my skin with mild soap and water only." B. "I'll not use my heating pad during my treatment." C. "I'll wear protective clothing when outside." D. "I'm worried I'll expose my family members to radiation."

D. "I'm worried I'll expose my family members to radiation."

A client has been receiving chemotherapy. Upon assessing the client during morning rounds, the nurse notes the client is now bleeding from intravenous and venipuncture sites. Stool is positive for occult blood. The client is requesting to sit in a chair for a meal. The nurse implements the following interventions: (Select all that apply.) A. Monitor vital signs once a shift. B. Assess level of consciousness. C. Assist the client to a chair. D. Apply pressure to the bleeding sites. E. Check intake and output records.

B. Assess level of consciousness. C. Assist the client to a chair. D. Apply pressure to the bleeding sites.

Following surgery for adenocarcinoma, the client learns the tumor stage is T3,N1,M0. What treatment mode should the nurse anticipate? A. No further treatment is indicated. B. Adjuvant therapy is likely. C. Palliative care is likely. D. Repeat biopsy is needed before treatment begins.

B. Adjuvant therapy is likely.

The nurse is providing client teaching for a client undergoing chemotherapy. What dietary modifications should the nurse advise? A. Eat wholesome meals. B. Avoid spicy and fatty foods. C. Avoid intake of fluids. D. Eat warm or hot foods.

B. Avoid spicy and fatty foods.

Which of the following would be inconsistent as a common side effect of chemotherapy? A. Weight gain B. Alopecia C. Myelosuppression D. Fatigue

A. Weight gain

A 16-year-old female client has post-chemotherapy alopecia. This prompts the nursing diagnoses of Disturbed Body Image and Situational Low Self-Esteem. Which response by the client would best indicate improved coping related to these diagnoses? A. Requests that her family bring her makeup and wig B. Begins to discuss the future with her family C. Reports less disruption from pain and discomfort D. Cries openly when discussing her disease

A. Requests that her family bring her makeup and wig

A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving chemotherapy and has a platelet count of 30,000/mm3. Which statement by the client indicates a need for additional teaching? A. "I floss my teeth every morning." B. "I use an electric razor to shave." C. "I take a stool softener every morning." D. "I removed all the throw rugs from the house."

A. "I floss my teeth every morning."

The nurse is caring for a client with a newly discovered tumor that may be benign or malignant. The client asks, "What makes a malignant tumor different from a benign one?" What should the nurse include in the response? Select all that apply. A. "The cells of the tumor bear little resemblance to the cells in the tissue where the tumor started." B. "It grows by invasion and infiltrates the surrounding tissues." C. "The tumor grows slowly and may stop." D. "It does not spread to other areas of the body through blood and lymph channels." E. "The tumor may regress after its initial growth."

A. "The cells of the tumor bear little resemblance to the cells in the tissue where the tumor started." B. "It grows by invasion and infiltrates the surrounding tissues."

The nurse is caring for a client who has just been told that stage IV colon cancer has recurred and metastasized to the liver. The oncologist offers the client the option of surgery to treat the progression of this disease. What type of surgery does the oncologist offer? A. Palliative B. Reconstructive C. Salvage D. Prophylactic

A. Palliative

A decrease in circulating white blood cells (WBCs) is referred to as A. Granulocytopenia B. Thrombocytopenia C. Leukopenia D. Neutropenia

C. Leukopenia

The nurse at the clinic explains to the patient that the surgeon will be removing a mole on the patient's back that has the potential to develop into cancer. The nurse informs the patient that this is what type of procedure? A. Diagnostic B. Palliative C. Prophylactic D. Reconstructive

C. Prophylactic

After being seen in the oncology clinic, a client with severe bone marrow suppression is admitted to the hospital. The client's cancer therapy consisted of radiation and chemotherapy. When developing the care plan for this client, which nursing diagnosis takes priority? A. Risk for injury B. Imbalanced nutrition: Less than body requirements C. Risk for infection D. Anxiety

C. Risk for infection

When caring for an older client who is receiving external beam radiation, which is the key point for the nurse to incorporate into the plan of care? A. Time, distance, and shielding B. The use of disposable utensils and wash cloths C. Avoid showering or washing over skin markings. D. Inspect the skin frequently.

D. Inspect the skin frequently.

A client with a brain tumor is undergoing radiation and chemotherapy for treatment of cancer. The client has recently reported swelling in the gums, tongue, and lips. Which is the most likely cause of these symptoms? A. Neutropenia B. Extravasation C. Nadir D. Stomatitis

D. Stomatitis

The nurse instructs a client receiving chemotherapy on actions to prevent the development of stomatitis. Which client statement indicates to the nurse that teaching has been effective? A. "I will brush my teeth after every meal." B. "I will reduce smoking to after meals only." C. "I will eat spicy foods with a cool beverage." D. "I will limit alcoholic beverages to one a day."

A. "I will brush my teeth after every meal."

The nurse is caring for a client who is scheduled for chemotherapy. Which is the best statement the nurse can make about the client experiencing chemotherapy-induced alopecia? A. "The hair loss is usually temporary." B. "New hair growth will return without any change to color or texture." C. "Clients with alopecia will have delay in grey hair." D. "Wigs can be used after the chemotherapy is completed."

A. "The hair loss is usually temporary."

What disadvantages of chemotherapy should the patient be informed about prior to starting the regimen? A. It attacks cancer cells during their vulnerable phase. B. It functions against disseminated disease. C. It causes a systemic reaction. D. It targets normal body cells as well as cancer cells.

D. It targets normal body cells as well as cancer cells.

A male client has been unable to return to work for 10 days following chemotherapy as the result of ongoing fatigue and inability to perform usual activities. Laboratory test results are WBCs 2000/mm³, RBCs 3.2 x 10¹²/L, and platelets 85,000/mm³. The nurse notes that the client is anxious. Which of the following is the priority nursing diagnosis? A. Risk for infection related to inadequate defenses B. Fatigue related to deficient blood cells C. Activity intolerance related to side effects of chemotherapy D. Anxiety related to change in role function

A. Risk for infection related to inadequate defenses

For a client newly diagnosed with radiation-induced thrombocytopenia, the nurse should include which intervention in the care plan? A. Administering aspirin if the temperature exceeds 102° F (38.8° C) B. Inspecting the skin for petechiae once every shift C. Providing for frequent rest periods D. Placing the client in strict isolation

B. Inspecting the skin for petechiae once every shift

A 67-year-old client is admitted for diagnostic studies to rule out cancer. The patient is white, married, has been employed as a landscaper for 40 years, and has a 36-year history of smoking a pack of cigarettes daily. What significant risk factors does the nurse recognize this patient has? Select all that apply. A. Age B. Cigarette smoking C. Occupation D. Race E. Marital status

A. Age B. Cigarette smoking C. Occupation

A client with a diagnosis of gastric cancer has been unable to tolerate oral food and fluid intake and her tumor location rules out the use of enteral feeding. What intervention will best meet this client's nutritional needs? A. Administration of parenteral feeds via a peripheral IV B. Parenteral nutrition given via a peripherally inserted central catheter C. Insertion of an NG tube for administration of feeds D. Maintaining NPO status and IV hydration until treatment completion

B. Parenteral nutrition given via a peripherally inserted central catheter

A nurse assesses an oncology client with stomatitis during a chemotherapy session. Which nursing intervention would most likely decrease the pain associated with stomatitis? A. Recommend that the client discontinue chemotherapy. B. Provide a solution of viscous lidocaine for use as a mouth rinse. C. Monitor the client's platelet and leukocyte counts. D. Check regularly for signs and symptoms of stomatitis.

B. Provide a solution of viscous lidocaine for use as a mouth rinse.

The nurse is evaluating the client's risk for cancer. The nurse should recommend the client change which lifestyle choice? A. uses the treadmill for 30 minutes on 5 days each week B. eats red meat such as steaks or hamburgers every day C. works as a secretary at a medical radiation treatment center D. drinks one glass of wine at dinner each night

B. eats red meat such as steaks or hamburgers every day

A nurse is administering daunorubicin through a peripheral I.V. line when the client complains of burning at the insertion site. The nurse notes no blood return from the catheter and redness at the I.V. site. The client is most likely experiencing which complication? A. Erythema B. Flare C. Extravasation D. Thrombosis

C. Extravasation

The nurse performs a breast exam on a client and finds a firm, non-moveable lump in the upper outer quadrant of the right breast that the client reports was not there 3 weeks ago. What does this finding suggest? A. Normal finding B. Benign fibrocystic disease C. Malignant tumor D. Malignant tumor with metastasis to surrounding tissue

C. Malignant tumor

Which nursing action best demonstrates primary cancer prevention? A. Encouraging yearly Pap tests B. Teaching testicular self-examination C. Promoting and providing vaccines D. Facilitating screening mammograms

C. Promoting and providing vaccines

An oncology client will begin a course of chemotherapy and radiation therapy for the treatment of bone metastases. What is one means by which malignant disease processes transfer cells from one place to another? A. Adhering to primary tumor cells B. Inducing mutation of cells of another organ C. Phagocytizing healthy cells D. Invading healthy host tissues

D. Invading healthy host tissues

A client is receiving external radiation to the left thorax to treat lung cancer. Which intervention should be part of this client's care plan? A. Avoiding using soap on the irradiated areas B. Applying talcum powder to the irradiated areas daily after bathing C. Wearing a lead apron during direct contact with the client D. Removing thoracic skin markings after each radiation treatment

A. Avoiding using soap on the irradiated areas

The nurse is caring for a client who is to begin receiving external radiation for a malignant tumor of the neck. While providing client education, what potential adverse effects should the nurse discuss with the client? A. Impaired nutritional status B. Cognitive changes C. Diarrhea D. Alopecia

A. Impaired nutritional status

Which grade of tumor is also known as a well-differentiated tumor? A. Grade I B. Grade II C. Grade III D. Grade IV

A. Grade I

A woman with a family history of breast cancer received a positive result on a breast tumor marking test and is requesting a bilateral mastectomy. This surgery is an example of which type of oncologic surgery? A. Salvage surgery B. Palliative surgery C. Prophylactic surgery D. Reconstructive surgery

C. Prophylactic surgery

A nurse is teaching a client with bone marrow suppression about the time frame when bone suppression will be noticeable after administration of floxuridine. What is the time frame the nurse should include with client teaching? A. 24 hours B. 2 to 4 days C. 7 to 14 days D. 21 to 28 days

C. 7 to 14 days

The nurse is conducting a health education about cancer prevention to a group of adults. What menu best demonstrates dietary choices for potentially reducing the risks of cancer? A. Smoked salmon and green beans B. Pork chops and fried green tomatoes C. Baked apricot chicken and steamed broccoli D. Liver, onions, and steamed peas

C. Baked apricot chicken and steamed broccoli

The nurse is admitting an oncology client to the unit prior to surgery. The nurse reads in the electronic health record that the client has just finished radiation therapy. With knowledge of the consequent health risks, the nurse should prioritize assessments related to what health problem? A. Cognitive deficits B. Impaired wound healing C. Cardiac tamponade D. Tumor lysis syndrome

B. Impaired wound healing

The nurse is preparing a teaching tool about alopecia caused by cancer treatment. Which information will the nurse emphasize in this tool? Select all that apply. A. Use a hair dryer to quickly dry the hair. B. Cut long hair before treatment begins. C. Use shampoo and conditioner every day. D. Use a wide-tooth comb to style the hair. E. Avoid hair dyes or permanent wave solutions.

B. Cut long hair before treatment begins. D. Use a wide-tooth comb to style the hair. E. Avoid hair dyes or permanent wave solutions.

Which oncologic emergency involves the accumulation of fluid in the pericardial space? A. Cardiac tamponade B. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) C. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone release (SIADH) D. Tumor lysis syndrome

A. Cardiac tamponade

Which of the following is a characteristic of a malignant tumor? A. It gains access to the blood and lymphatic channels. B. It demonstrates cells that are well differentiated. C. It is usually slow growing. D. It grows by expansion.

A. It gains access to the blood and lymphatic channels.

The hospice nurse has just admitted a new client to the program. What principle guides hospice care? A. Care addresses the needs of the client as well as the needs of the family. B. Care is focused on the client centrally and the family peripherally. C. The focus of all aspects of care is solely on the client. D. The care team prioritizes the client's physical needs and the family is responsible for the client's emotional needs.

A. Care addresses the needs of the client as well as the needs of the family.

The client is to receive cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan) 50 mg/kg intravenously in divided doses over 5 days. The client weighs 176 pounds. How many mg of cyclophosphamide will the client receive each day? Enter the correct number ONLY.

800

A nurse who works in an oncology clinic is assessing a client who has arrived for a 2-month follow-up appointment following chemotherapy. The nurse notes that the client's skin appears yellow. Which blood tests should be done to further explore this clinical sign? A. Liver function tests (LFTs) B. Complete blood count (CBC) C. Platelet count D. Blood urea nitrogen and creatinine

A. Liver function tests (LFTs)

The nurse is completing an admission assessment for a client receiving interstitial implants for prostate cancer. The nurse documents this as A. brachytherapy. B. external beam radiation therapy. C. systemic radiation. D. a contact mold.

A. brachytherapy.

According to the TNM classification system, T0 means there is A. no evidence of primary tumor. B. no regional lymph node metastasis. C. no distant metastasis. D. distant metastasis.

A. no evidence of primary tumor.

The nurse is invited to present a teaching program to parents of school-age children. Which topic would be of greatest value for decreasing cancer risks? A. Pool and water safety B. Breast and testicular self-exams C. Hand washing and infection prevention D. Sun safety and use of sunscreen

D. Sun safety and use of sunscreen

A patient with uterine cancer is being treated with internal radiation therapy. What would the nurse's priority responsibility be for this patient? A. Explain to the patient that she will continue to emit radiation while the implant is in place. B. Maintain as much distance as possible from the patient while in the room. C. Alert family members that they should restrict their visiting to 5 minutes at any one time. D. Wear a lead apron when providing direct patient care.

A. Explain to the patient that she will continue to emit radiation while the implant is in place.

A nurse is receiving a client with a radioactive implant for the treatment of cervical cancer. What is the nurse's best action? A. Place the client in a private room. B. Place a chair next to the bed to allow the spouse to sit. C. Have visitors wear dosimeters for safety. D. Allow visitors to telephone only.

A. Place the client in a private room.

The nurse is describing some of the major characteristics of cancer to a client who has recently received a diagnosis of malignant melanoma. When differentiating between benign and malignant cancer cells, the nurse should explain differences in which of the following aspects? Select all that apply. A. Rate of growth B. Ability to cause death C. Cell size D. Cell location E. Ability to spread

A. Rate of growth B. Ability to cause death E. Ability to spread

A patient will be receiving radiation for 6 weeks for the treatment of breast cancer and asks the nurse why it takes so long. What is the best response by the nurse? A. "It allows time for you to cope with the treatment." B. "It will allow time for the repair of healthy tissue." C. "It will decrease the incidence of leukopenia and thrombocytopenia." D. "It is not really understood why you have to go for 6 weeks of treatment."

B. "It will allow time for the repair of healthy tissue."