NUR 305 chapter 8

Which component is included in a neuron?

A cell body, nucleus, organelles, dendrites, and axons

A nurse is teaching family members about the brain's connection to behaviors commonly seen in mental illnesses. How can the nurse best explain the term "neurotransmitter" to the family?

A molecular substance released in the brain

Which is a major difference between the atypical antipsychotics (such as clozapine) and the typical antipsychotics (such as haloperidol)?

Atypical antipsychotics block both serotonin and dopaminergic receptors

The body's first line of neurological defense against stressors involves what?

Autonomic nervous system

What part of the brain would be responsible for activities such as walking and dancing?

Cerebellum

Neurotransmission is important in the function of the CNS. For neurotransmission to occur, how do neurons communicate with other cells?

Chemically

Serotonin plays a role in which of these areas?

Cognition, sensory perceptions, and emotion

A professional boxer has suffered several concussions while boxing. Since retirement, the client has experienced periods of depression and suffers from short-term memory loss. Which provides the best explanation for the neurological basis of the client's symptoms?

Damage to hippocampus

A client with diminished serotonin levels would likely experience which symptom?

Depression and impulsivity

A client has been diagnosed with Parkinson's disease. His symptoms of spasticity are related to a decrease in which neurotransmitter?

Dopamine

A client with Parkinson's disease is hospitalized on a medical unit. The nurse would be correct in identifying which neurotransmitter decreased in this disease?

Dopamine

A client is brought to the emergency department with reports of slurred speech, spasms, and jerky movements. The significant other shows the nurse a pill bottle and states that the client has been taking antipsychotic medications for "awhile". The nurse notices that an "improper dose" is ordered on the prescription bottle. How would the nurse explain what system is causing the movements?

Dysfunction of the extrapyramidal motor track can manifest serious neurologic symptoms including dystonia, pseudoparkinsonism, and akathisia

Abnormalities in which lobe is believed to be associated with schizophrenia?

Frontal lobe

The nurse is teaching the client with anxiety about the mechanisms of benzodiazepines. Which is increased with this medication?

GABA

Which of the following is an inhibitory neurotransmitter?

GABA

While discussing the CNS, the nursing instructor tells the students that the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS is what?

GABA

The client cannot remember anything before an accident yesterday. Which brain structure might be injured?

Hippocampus

A client is returning from military service and has been diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Dysfunction in which brain structure contributes to the rage and fear experienced in PTSD?

Hypothalamus

The function of the thalamus and the hypothalamus is to coordinate:

Internal and external responses

The right hemisphere of the cerebrum is the center for which of the following?

Intuition

The anatomy instructor is discussing the central nervous system. A student asks where the cerebral cortex is located. What is the best answer?

It is located on the surface of the cerebrum

The student nurse is working with a client that presents to the mental health clinic with reports of loss of appetite, weight loss, and anhedonia. The student nurse discusses with the instructor that lack of a neurotransmitter may be affecting the client. How would the student explain what neurotransmitters do?

Molecules that control the opening/closing of ion channels

Which functions are controlled by the extrapyramidal motor system?

Muscle tone, common reflexes, and automatic voluntary motor functioning

A client has a lithium level of 1.2 mEq/L. Which intervention by the nurse is indicated?

No intervention necessary at this time

A psychiatric-mental health nurse is attending a continuing education program on neurotransmitters and psychiatric disorders. The nurse demonstrates understanding of the information by identifying which neurotransmitter as being heavily concentrated in the terminal sites of sympathetic nerves?

Norepinephrine

The instructor is discussing neurotransmitters with the prenursing anatomy and physiology class. What would the instructor tell the students is a catecholamine that is classed as a hormone when it is released from the adrenal medulla?

Norepinephrine

A neuroimaging technique used to examine brain functioning, including glucose metabolism, blood flow, and neurotransmitter-receptor activity, is known as what?

PET scan

Which lobe of the brain assists in spatial perception?

Parietal

A nurse is attending a review class on the neurologic basis of psychiatric disorders. The class also includes a review of the anatomy and physiology of the neurological system. The nurse demonstrates understanding of the information by identifying which structures ascomponents of the brain stem?

Pons, medulla, midbrain

How should the nurse respond to a family member who asks how Alzheimer's disease is diagnosed?

Positron emission tomography (PET) scans can identify the amyloid plaques and tangles of Alzheimer's disease in living clients

After attending an anatomy and physiology review class on the nervous system, a group of nurses demonstrate understanding of the information when the group identifies which function as associated with the thalamus?

Relays sensory info to the central nervous system

A client's medication history reveals the use of a medication that blocks the action of histamine. When assessing this client, which side effect would the nurse most likely assess?

Sedation

The nurse is with a young client who has just been informed of the client's terminal illness. The client's heart rate increases, the client's eyes dilate, and the client's blood pressure increases. The nurse recognizes this response as:

Sympathetic nervous response

A college student wakes up and notices a racing heart and dilated pupils. The student is scheduled to write an exam later that morning. Which system is responsible for this physiological response?

Sympathetic nervous system

A client has developed deficits involving the senses of smell and hearing. The nurse would correlate this sensory dysfunction with which cerebral lobe?

Temporal

Though the client does not exhibit any signs or symptoms of depression, a client's physician has prescribed a low dose of the antidepressant mirtazapine. What is the most likely rationale for the physician's action?

To make use of an off-label application of the medication

The hypothalamus affects the body primarily through which action?

maintaining homeostasis

The brain stem consists of which structure?

medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain