NUR112: Fundamentals Test 1: Chapters 1,2,22,23,30,& 44
Caregiver
As a ____ you help patients maintain and regain health, manage disease and symptoms, and attain a maximal level of function and independence through the healing process. You provide healing through psychomotor and interpersonal skills.
Advocate
As an ____ you protect your patient's human and legal rights and provide assistance in asserting these rights if the need arises. You act on the behalf of your patient and secure your patient's health care rights.
Educator
As an _____ you explain concepts and facts about health, describe the reason for routine care activities, demonstrate procedures such as self-care activities, reinforce learning or patient behavior, and evaluate the patient's progress in learning.
Feminist ethics
Focuses on the inequality between people.
Communicator
It is central to the nurse-patient relationship. It allows you to know your patients, including their strengths, weaknesses, and needs. It is essential for all nursing roles and activities.
Statutory Law
Law created by a legislative branch of the government. Ex. Nurse Practice Act
Healthcare Proxy (or Durable Power of Attorney)
Legal document noting who is to make decisions for the client in the event he/she is unable to make such decisions. The individual makes healthcare decisions related to the client based on the client's wishes.
Misdemeanor
Less serious. Penalty is fine or imprisonment for less than a year.
False high
Loose cuff=
Evaporation
Loss of body heat associated with insensible body losses. About 600-900 ml of water a day evaporates from the skin and lungs. Ex. Diaphoresis
Nurse Administrator
Manages patient care and the delivery of specific nursing services within a health care agency.
Defamation of Character
Saying things about a person that isn't true that may result in damage to a person's reputation.
Felony
Serious. Penalty of imprisonment greater than one year or even death.
Vasodilation
Skin in temperature regulation: When the temperature is too high it causes ______.
Vasoconstriction
Skin in temperature regulation: When the temperature is too low it causes _______.
Increase
Smoking causes the respirations to (increase/decrease)?
Intervention
Something you're going to do as a nurse.
Slander
Speaking false information about a person.
Civil Law
Statutes concerned with protecting a person's individual rights. Requires payment of money to the one offended. Inability to pay could result in imprisonment. Ex. Negligence in malpractice where the patient can sue the nurse for money.
Beneficence
Taking positive actions to help others.
Increase
Temp increase= Pulse and respirations (increase/decrease)?
Lowest
Temp is ___ around 1-4 a.m.
Posterior
The (anterior/ posterior) hypothalamus controls heat production?
Anterior
The (anterior/posterior) hypothalamus controls heat loss?
Diagnosis
The RN analyzes the assessment data to determine the issues.
Assessment
The RN collects comprehensive data pertinent to the patient's health and/or the situation.
Planning
The RN develops a plan that prescribes strategies and alternatives to attain expected outcomes.
Evaluation
The RN evaluates the progress toward attainment of outcomes.
Outcome Identification
The RN identifies expected outcomes for a plan individualized to the patient or the situation.
Implementation
The RN implements the identified plan.
Pulse deficit
The difference between radial and apical pulse rate is called what?
Hypertension
aka the "Silent Killer" *Most common alteration in blood pressure *Usually asymptomatic *Requires blood pressure above 140/90 on two consecutive readings. *Follow-up readings for blood pressure are recommended within 2 months.
Pyrexia
"Fever" (harmful when greater than 102 degrees F)
Increased
Increased BMR= ____ Temp.
Increase
Increased PVR= (increase/decrease) blood pressure?
Decreased
Increased Viscosity= (increased/decreased) blood flow?
Increased
Increased blood volume= (increased/decreased) blood pressure?
Hyperthermia
Increased body temp related to the body's inability to promote heat loss or reduce heat production.
Increased
Increased viscosity= (increased/decreased) blood pressure?
In-service Education Programs
Instructions/training provided by a health care agency or institution.
Evidence-Based Practice
Integrate best current evidence with clinical expertise and patient/family preferences and values for delivery of optimal health care.
Assault
Intentional threat to bring harmful or offensive contact. Ex. If you dont stop trying to get out of the bed Im going to put you in restraints.
Battery
Intentional touching without consent.
Whole-brain Standard
Irreversible cessation of all functions of the brain including the brainstem.
Cardiopulmonary Standard
Irreversible cessation of circulatory and respiratory functions.
Disabilities
Issue in Health Care Ethics: Antidiscrimination laws enhance the economic security of people with physical, mental, or emotional challenges.
Quality of Life
Issue in Health Care Ethics: Central to discussions about end-of-life care, cancer therapy, physician-assisted suicide, and Do Not Resuscitate (DNR).
CRNA
An APRN with advanced education from a nurse-anesthesia-accredited program.
False high
Arm not supported during blood pressure results in a ____ reading.
C
When assessing the blood pressure of a school-aged child, using an adult cuff of normal size will affect the reading and produce a value that is: A. Accurate B. Indistinct C. Falsely Low D. Falsely High
1960
When did documentation begin?
On admission
When do we start discharge planning?
Set Point
When pyrogens are released in the body the hypothalamus will increase the ______ and the body temp will increase.
5th intercostal space and mid clavicular
Where is the apical pulse located?
The brain
Where is the hypothalamus located?
Popliteal
Which pulse site is located behind the knee?
Apical
Which pulse site is shown in the image?
Brachial
Which pulse site is shown in the image?
Carotid
Which pulse site is shown in the image?
Dorsalis pedis
Which pulse site is shown in the image?
Femoral
Which pulse site is shown in the image?
Radial
Which pulse site is shown in the image?
Temporal
Which pulse site is shown in the image?
Ulnar
Which pulse site is shown in the image?
Very young and very old
Who are at a higher risk of having a heat stroke?
Mary Adelaide Nutting
Who became the first nursing professor at Columbia Teacher's College in 1906, and was instrumental in moving nursing into universities? (20th Century)
Florence Nightingale (1860)
Who developed the first school of nursing?
Florence Nightingale (1860)
Who established the first nursing philosophy based on health maintenance and restoration?
Clara Barton
Who is the founder of the American Red Cross?
Lillian Wald and Mary Brewster
Who opened the Henry Street Settlement, which focused on the health needs of poor people who lived in tenements in NYC? (1863) *This is when nursing in the community increased significantly.
Mother Bickerdyke
Who organized ambulance services and walked abandoned battlefields at night looking for wounded soldiers?
Harriet Tubman
Who was active in the Underground Railroad movement and helped lead over 300 slaves to freedom?
Florence Nightingale (1860)
Who was the first practicing nurse epidemiologist?
Mary Mahoney
Who was the first professionally trained African-American nurse?
Nurse educator
Works primarily in schools of nursing, staff developments of health care agencies, and patient education departments. They need experience in clinical practice to provide them with practical skills and theoretical knowledge.
Libel
Writing false statements about a person.
Living Will
Written documentation of the client's wishes in the event of a terminal illness or condition.
B and C
You are about to administer an oral medication and you question the dosage. You should A. Administer the medication B. Notify the physician C. Withhold the medication. D. Document that the dosage appears incorrect.
Accountability
You as a nurse are responsible professionally and legally for the type and quality of nursing care provided.
D
You have delegated vital signs to assistive personnel. The assistant informs you that the patient has just finished a bowl of hot soup. The nurse's most appropriate advise would be to: A. Take a rectal temp B. Take the oral temp as planned C. Advise the patient to drink a glass of cold water D. Wait 30 minutes and take an oral temp
B
You notice that a teenager has an irregular pulse. The first thing you should do is: A. Read the history and physical B. Assess the apical pulse rate for 1 full minute C. Auscultate for strength and depth of pulse D. Ask whether the patient feels any palpitations or faintness of breath.
D
Your patient is about to undergo a controversial orthopedic procedure. The procedure may cause periods of pain. Although nurses agree to do no harm, this procedure may be the patient's only treatment choice. This example describes the ethical principle of: A. Autonomy B. Fidelity C. Justice D. Nonmaleficence
Behavioral
____ Control of the Body temperature: *Dressing appropriately *Use of air conditioning *Use of heaters *Alternating activity levels *Water temperature
Shivering
____ warms the body. (vasoconstriction)
Sweating
_____ means the temp has broken. (vasodilation)
Diaphoresis
"Sweating"
Decreased
(increased/decreased) elasticity= increased PVR and increased systolic BP?
Professionalism
*Administer Quality Care *Be responsible and accountable
Nurse Practice Acts (NPAs)
*Overseen by State Boards of Nursing *Regulate scope of nursing practice *Protect public health, safety, and welfare.
Pulse
*Palpable bounding of blood flow *Noted at various points on the body *Indicator of circulatory status.
Hypotension
*Systolic blood pressure less than 90mmHg *Life threatening *Occurs with arterial dilation, decreased PVR, decreased blood volume, and decreased cardiac output. *Clinical signs and symptoms= pallor, skin mottling, clamminess, confusion, dizziness, chest pain, increased heart rate, decreased urine output
Malpractice Insurance
-A contract between the nurse and the insurance company. -Provides a defense when a nurse is in a lawsuit involving negligence or malpractice. -Nurses covered by institution's insurance while working. -Check if hospitals have employee coverage. -Check coverage with Good Samaritan Acts.
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
-Access to health care for all -Reducing costs -Improving quality -Provisions include *Insurance industry reforms *Increased funding for public programs *Improved coverage for children
Do Not Resucscitate (DNR)
-Also referred to as "No Code" -The medical record must show documentation that the health care provider has consulted with the patient and/or/ family before the order can be attached to the chart. -Legally competent adult patients consent to order verbally or in writing after receiving the appropriate information by the health care provider. -Nurses must be aware of these protocols in the state in which they practice.
Uniform Determination of Death Act
-Cardiopulmonary Standard -Whole-brain Standard -Wrongful handling of a deceased person's remains causes emotional harm to the surviving family.
Patient-centered medical home (PCMH)
-Coordinates care, gathers clinical data, monitors patient outcomes. -Primary care providers function as the hub of the PCMH.
Good Samaritan Laws
-Covers the nurse who does what is reasonable to save a person's life. -Must only perform procedures for which you have training and licensure. -Once committed to assisting in an emergency situation, the nurse must remain with the patient until care is turned over to another qualified health professional. Failure to do so could result in abandonment. -Louisiana, Minnesota, and Vermont have "failure-to-act" laws that make it a crime not to stop and help.
Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs)
-Developed to coordinate medical care -Nurses act as leaders and care coordinators
Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA)
-Emergency medical screening must be done for all persons presenting to the emergency department or hospital. -If an emergency exists, the patient is not to be discharged or transferred until the condition is stabilized. -Patients may request transfer but must be explained the benefits and risks of transfer.
Organ transplantation
-Extremely expensive -Patients in end-stage renal disease are eligible for Medicare coverage for a kidney transplant. -Private insurance covers the other transplants. -Patients are on a waiting list according to priority. -Nurses must know the policies and procedures of the employing institution regarding organ donation.
Continuing Care
-For people who are disabled, functionally dependent, or suffering a terminal disease. -Available within institutional settings or in the home: *Nursing Centers or facilities *Assisted Living *Respite Care *Adult day care centers *Hospice
Mental Health Parity Act
-Forbids health plans from placing unfair restrictions on mental health policies. -Admissions may be voluntary or involuntary -Within the first 96 hours of admission, an appeal can be made to the judge requesting involuntary confinement of persons who may be a threat to self and/or others. The involuntary confinement may be for 21 more days.
Short Staffing
-In the event of this you should notify the nursing supervisor -If the assignment is accepted, make a written protest to nursing administrators. -Always keep a copy of written protest. -Written documentation does not relieve the nurse of responsibility in the event of injury. -refusal of an assignment could result in insubordination.
Nature of Pain
-Involves physical, emotional, and cognitive components -Results from physical and/or mental stimulus -Reduces quality of life. -Not measurable objectively -Subjective and highly individualized component.
Health Services Pyramid
-Managing health instead of illness -Emphasis on wellness -Injury-prevention programs
Informed Consent
-Must be obtained when the patient is not under the influence of medication. -Does not fall within the nursing today. -It is the responsibility of the person performing the procedure to obtain it.
Institute of Medicine (IOM)
-Nurses need to be transformed by: -Practicing to the full extent of their training. -Achieving higher levels of education through an education system that provides seamless progression. -Becoming full partners with physicians and other health care providers in redesigning the health care system. -Improving data collection and the information infrastructure for effective workforce planning and policy making.
Uniform Anatomical Gift Act
-Persons 18 or older are allowed to make organ decisions. -Donors should make the gift in writing. -In many states, adults sign the back of their driver's license, indicating consent to organ donation. -Upon admission tot he hospital, a qualified healthcare provider determines the status of organ donation.
National Priorities Partnership
-Promote best practices -Promote prevention, treatment, and intervention practices for the leading causes of mortality. _Ensure person- and family- centered care -Make care safer -Promote communication and care coordination. -Makes quality care affordable
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
-Protects individuals from losing their health insurance when changing jobs by providing portability. -Employees do not lose coverage if they have 12 months of continuous group health insurance coverage.
American with Disabilities Act
-Protects the rights of people with physical or mental disabilities. -Prohibits discrimination and ensure equal opportunities in employment, state and local government services, public accommodations, commercial facilities, and transportation. -Protects healthcare workers with HIV infection as well as prevents discrimination of patients with HIV infection.
Home Health Care
-Provision of medically related services and equipment to patients and families in their homes for health maintenance, education, illness prevention, diagnosis and treatment of disease, palliation, and rehabilitation. -Involves coordination of services -Focuses on patient and family independence. -Usually reimbursed by government private insurance, and private pay.
Health Care Regulation and Reform
-Regulatory and competitive approaches *Professional standards review organizations (PSROs) *Utilization Review comittees -Prospective Payment System (PPS) -Diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) -Capitation -RUGs -Profitability -Managed Care -"Never Events" -Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
Autopsy
-Requires consent. Order of oconsent is: 1. Patient's writing before death 2. Durable Power of Attorney 3. Surviving Spouse 4. Surviving Children, parent, or sibling -May be requested by patient or patient's family. -May be required by law based on circumstances of death. -Required if patient died within 24 hours of admission to a healthcare facility.
Restorative Care
-Serves patients recovering from an acute or chronic illness/disability -Helps individuals regain maximal function and enhance quality of life.
Risk Management
-The organization's system for ensuring appropriate nursing care by identifying and eliminating them before harm occurs.
Floating
-When asked to do so the nurse must inform the nursing supervisor of any lack of experience in caring for patients on the unit. -The nurse should request an orientation to the unit. -Supervisors are liable for assigning nursing to various units. -Verify the institutions policy for floating before accepting employment.
Tort
An act that causes injury for which the injured party can bring civil action. Types: Intentional and unintentional
Autonomy
An essential element of professional nursing that involves the initiation of independent nursing interventions without medical orders.
Neural and Vascular Control, Heat production, Heat loss, and Behavioral Control
4 Physiologic Mechanisms for Body Temp Regulation:
Increase
Anxiety causes the respirations to (increase/decrease)?
Manager
A ____ coordinates the activities of members of the nursing staff in delivering nursing care and has personnel, policy, and budgetary responsibility for a specific nursing unit or agency.
Heat Stroke
A dangerous heat emergency. Results from prolonged exposure to the sun or high environmental temps. The most important clinical symptom is hot, dry skin. Other symptoms include confusion, delirium, excessive thirst, nausea, muscle cramps, and viral disturbances. (Temp as high of 104-113)
A
A nurse is caring for a patient who state. "I just want to die." For the nurse to comply with this request, the nurse should discuss A. Living Wills B. Assisted suicide C. Passive Euthanasia D. Advance Directives
Competent
A nurse who has been in the same clinical position for 2 to 3 years. This nurse understands the organization and specific care required by the type of patients. He/she is a competent practitioner who is able to anticipate nursing care and establish long-range goals.
Advanced Beginner
A nurse who has had some level of experience with the situation. This experience may only be observational in nature but the nurse is able to identify meaningful aspect or principles of nursing care.
Expert
A nurse with diverse experience who has an intuitive grasp of an existing or potential clinical problem. This nurse is able to zero in on the problem and focus on multiple dimensions of the situation. He/she is skilled at identifying both patient-centered problems and problems related to the health care system or perhaps the needs of the novice nurse.
Proficient
A nurse with more than 2 to 3 years of experience in the same clinical position. This nurse perceives a patient's clinical situation as a whole, is able to assess an entire situation, and can readily transfer knowledge gained from multiple previous experiences to a situation.
B
A patient who needs nursing and rehabilitation following a stroke would most benefit receiving care at a: A. Primary care setting B. Restorative Care setting C. Assisted-Living center D. Respite Care
Value
A personal belief about the worth of a given idea, attitude, custom, or object that sets standards that influence behavior.
C
A postoperative patient is breathing rapidly. You should immediately: A. Call the physician B. Count the respiration C. Assess the oxygen saturation D. Ask the patient if he feels uncomfortable.
Tachycardia
A pulse rate above 100 bpm?
Bradycardia
A pulse rate below 60 bpm?
C
A student nurse employed as a nursing assistant may perform care A. As learned in school B. Expected of a nurse at that level. C. Identified in the hospital's job description. D. Requiring technical rather than professional skills.
False low
Arm above heart level results in a _____ reading.
False high
Arm below heart level results in a _____ reading.
Advanced Practice Registered Nurse
APRN
Nurse Practice Act
Act that describe and defines the legal boundaries of nursing practice within each state.
Heat Stroke
Acute Care Nursing Interventions for _____: *Cool the environment *Remove Clothing *Wet towels to the skin *Oscillating fans
Pyrexia
Acute Care Nursing Interventions for _____: *Identify causative agent *Antibiotics *Antipyretics *Corticosteroids
Hypothermia
Acute Care Nursing Interventions for _____: *Remove wet clothing and apply dry ones *Wrap in blankets *Lie underneath blanket with someone *Drink hot liquids *Keep head covered *Place near fire or in a warm room *Heating pads at head and neck
Increase
Acute pain causes respirations to (increase/decrease)?
Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN)
Addresses the challenge to prepare nurses with the competencies needed to continuously improve the quality of care in their work environments.
Pyrexia
Advantages of ____: *Enhances the immune system by stimulating WBC production *Decreases concentration of iron in the blood plasma, which decreases bacterial growth. *Fights viral infections by stimulating interferon.
Fidelity
Agreement to keep promises.
CNM
An APRN who is also educated in midwifery and is certified.
CNS
An APRN who is an expert clinician in a specialized area of practice.
NP
An APRN who provides health care to a group of patients, usually in an outpatient, ambulatory care, or community-based setting. Provide care for patients with complex problems and a more hollistic approach than physicians.
Shivering; increases
Avoid sponge and alcohol when dealing with heat loss because it causes ______ which ______ the temperature.
Nonmaleficence
Avoidance of harm or hurt.
Common Law
Created in courts when individual legal cases are decided. Ex. Informed consent, Client's Right to Refuse Treatment.
Novice
Beginning nursing student or any nurse entering a situation in which there is no previous level of experience.
Justice
Being fair.
Thickness
Blood viscosity refers to the ___ of the blood?
Professional Standards Review Organizations (PSROs)
Created to review the quality, quantity, and cost of hospital care provided through Medicare and Medicaid.
Advance Directives
Includes living wills, healthcare proxies, and durable powers of attorney for health care.
Certified Nurse-Midwife
CNM
Clinical Nurse Specialist
CNS
Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist
CRNA
Secondary and Tertiary Care
Care that focuses on diagnosis and treatment of disease. Disease management is the most common and expensive service of the health care delivery system.Postponement of care by uninsured contributes to high costs. -Hospitals (work redesign and discharge planning) -Intensive care -Psychiatric facilities -rural hospitals
Primary Care
Care that focuses on improved health outcomes and requires collaboration. Ex. Dr. office for yearly physical.
Secondary Care
Care that is acute (hospital).
Tertiary Care
Care that is chronic (ICU)
Preventive Care
Care that reduces and controls risk factors for disease.
Negligence
Careless act of omission or commission that results in an injury to a client. Committing something and not changing it. Ex. Late in giving meds and still don't give it to them.
Casuitry
Case-based reasoning is called what?
Hollistic
Characterized by the treatment of the whole person, taking into account mental and social factors, rather than just the physical symptoms of a disease.
Autonomy
Commitment to include patients in decisions.
Unintentional Tort
Conduct that falls below the generally accepted standard of care and reasonable prudent person. Examples: *Negligence *Malpractice
Nurse Researcher
Conducts evidence-based practice and research to improve nursing care and further define and expand the scope of nursing practice.
False High
Cuff too small=
False low
Cuff too wide=
Decrease
Decreased PVR= (increase/decrease) blood pressure?
Decreased
Decreased blood volume= (increased/decreased) blood pressure?
Hypothermia
Decreased body temp. *May be intentional or accidental *Patient has uncontrolled shivering, loss of memory, depression, and poor judgment. *Temp is below 94 degrees F causing the heart rate, respiratory rate, and BP to fall.
Deontology
Describes actions as right or wrong.
Perfusion
Distribution of RBCs to and from the pulmonary capillaries.
First
During which trimester can a woman end her pregnancy without state regulation.
Third
During which trimester does the fetus become viable and the state's interest is to protect the fetus; therefor it prohibits abortion except when necessary to save the mother.
Second
During which trimester does the state have an interest in protecting maternal health, and enforces regulations regarding the person performing the abortion and the abortion facility.
Nursing
Encompasses autonomous and collaborative care of individuals of all ages, families, groups, and communities, sick or well, and in all settings. It includes the promotion of health; prevention of illness; and the care of ill, disabled, and dying people. Advocacy, promotion of a safe environment, research, participation in shaping health policy and in patient and health systems management, and education are also key roles. (ICM, 2014)
Hospice
Form of Continuing Care: -Family centered care that allows patients to live with comfort, independence, and dignity while easing the pains of terminal illness. -Focuses on palliative (not curative) care -Many of these programs provide respite care, which is important in maintaining the health of the primary caregiver and family.
Assisted Living
Form of Continuing Care: -Long-term care setting -Home environment -Greater resident -Autonomy -No fee caps (pay rent) -When they are here they are residents NOT patients.
Adult Day Care Centers
Form of Continuing Care: -Provide a variety of health and social services to specific patient populations who live alone or with family in the community. -May be associated with a hospital or nursing home or may operate independently.
Nursing Centers or facilities
Form of Continuing Care: -Provides 24-hour intermediate and custodial care *Nursing, rehabilitation, diet, social, recreational, and religious services. *Residents of any age with chronic or debilitating illness. -Regulated by standards: Omnibus Budget Reconcilation Act of 1987 -Interdisciplinary functional assessment is the focus of clinical practice: MDS, RAIs.
Respite Care
Form of Continuing Care: -Provides short-term relief or "time off" for people providing home care to an individual who is ill, disabled, or frail. -Settings include home, day care, or health care institution with overnight care. -Trained volunteers enable family caregivers to leave home for errands or social time.
Rehabilitation
Form of Restorative Care: -Includes physical, occupational, and speech therapy, and social services. -Begins on admission -Focuses on preventing complications -Maximizes patient function and independence.
Extended Care
Form of Restorative Care: -Provides intermediate medical, nursing, or custodial care for patients recovering for acute illness or disabilities. -Provides care for patients until they can return to their community or residential care location.
Teamwork and Collaboration
Function effectively within nursing and interprofessional teams, fostering open communication, mutual respect, and shared decision making to achieve quality patient care.
Scope and Standards of Practice
Goal: To improve the health and well-being of all individuals, communities, and populations through the significant and visible contribution of registered nursing using standards-based practice.
The Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive Statements
Guide for carrying out nurse responsibilities that provide quality nursing care; also outlines the ethical obligations of the profession (ANA, 2015)
Public Health Laws
Healthcare Providers are required to: -Report suspected abuse and neglect such as child abuse, elder abuse, or domestic violence. -Report communicable diseases. -Ensure that patients in the community have received required immunizations.
Body Temperature
Heat produced- heat lost=
Increase
Hemoglobin function cause a decrease in globin and (increase/decrease) in respirations?
Malignant Hyperthermia
Hereditary condition of hyperthermia. Seen with clients receiving general anesthesia
Professionalism
I'm responsible for my patients, my peers, and myself.
Institute of Medicine
IOM
B
If Ming decides to choose a career as a critical care CNS, then his specialty is defined by which mean? A. Population B.Setting C.Disease Specialty D.Type of Care E. Type of Problem
C (Understands what's going on)
If a nurse decides to withhold a medication because it might further lower the patient's blood pressure, the nurse will be practicing the principle of: A. Responsibility B. Accountability C. Competency D. Moral behavior
Afebrile
If the patient is not showing symptoms of fever the patient is _____.
Febrile
If the patient is showing symptoms of a fever the patient is ____.
BCD
Ming graduated with an ADN last year and received his RN credential. He currently works in a long-term care facility. He would like to pursue a nursing career that offers a regular schedule and more autonomy. Ming considers returning to school for an advanced degree. He is particularly drawn to the idea of becoming an APRN. *Ming's career options for becoming an APRN include which of the following? (Select all that apply) A. Physician Assistant (PA) B. Clinical Nurse Specialist (CNS) C. Certified Nurse Midwife (CNM) D. Certified RN anesthetist (CRNA)
Safety
Minimize risk of harm to patients and providers through both system effectiveness and individual performance.
500 ml
Most adults have how much circulating blood volume?
Diffusion
Movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and RBC.
Nurse Practitioner
NP
Art; Science
Nursing is an ____ and _____.
B
Nursing is defined as a profession because nurses: A. Perform specific skills B. Practice autonomy C. Utilize knowledge from the medical discipline. D. Charge a fee for services rendered.
Incident Report
Occurrence Report is also called what? -Required through documentation of the incident.
Higher
Older people have a (higher/lower) systolic pressure?
Performance Improvement
PI stands for...
Peripheral Vascular Resistance
PVR stands for? *Tone of vascular musculature *Diameter of blood vessels
Nursing as A Profession
Patient-centered care Professionalism Health care advocacy groups
Criminal Law
Prevents harm to society and provides punishment for crimes. Ex. Misuse of a control substance.
HIPAA
Privacy Section: Patient's have a right to: -Consent to disclosure and use of their health information. -Inspect and copy their medical record unless access would result in harm to patient or someone else. -Amend mistaken or incomplete information. -Limit who may access their record.
D
Professional Nursing Organizations seek to: A. Improve standards of practice B. Expand nursing roles C. Improve the welfare of nurses in specialty areas D. All of the above
Utilitarianism
Purposes that the value of something is determined by its usefulness.
Quality Improvement
QI stands for...
Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
RWJF *Future of Nursing: Campaign for action
Patient-Centered Care
Recognize the patient as the source of control and full partner in providing compassionate and coordinated care based on respect for patient's preferences, values, and needs.
Elasticity
Refers to the stretchability of the blood vessel.
Invasion of Privacy
Releasing a patient's medical information to an unauthorized person such as a member of the press.. the patient's employer, or the patient's family.
Tachypnea
Respiration above 20 is called?
Bradypnea
Respiration below 12 is called?
Utilization Review (UR) Committees
Review admission, diagnostic testing, and treatments ordered by physicians who cared for patients receiving Medicare.
Hypertension
Risk factors for ______: *Family History *Obesity *Cigarette Smoking *Heavy alcohol consumption *Increased blood cholesterol *Continued exposure to stress
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)
What reflects the energy needed by the body to carry out physiologic processes?
Intentional Tort
The following are examples of what? *Assault *Battery *Invasion of Privacy *Defamation of Character
APRN
The most independently functioning nurse.
Ventilation
The movement of gas in and out of the lungs.
Code of Ethics
The philosophical ideals of right and wrong that define principles used to provide care.
Nursing
The protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities; prevention of illness and injury; alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human response; and advocacy in the care of individuals, families, communities, and populations. (ANA, 2010b)
Genomics
The study of all the genes in a person and interactions of these genes with one another and with that person's environment.
Ethics
The study of conduct and character.
Genetics
The study of inheritance, or the way traits are passed down from one generation to another.
Pediatric
The temporal artery and chemical dot thermometer are mostly used on ____ patients.
Convection
The transfer away of heat by air movement. This is enhanced by moisture. Ex. electrical fans.
Conduction
The transfer of heat from one object to another by direct contact. *Ex. Use of blankets to get warmer.
Radiation
The transfer of heat from the surface of one object to the surface of another object WITHOUT direct contact is what? *example: Loss of heat in a cool environment and gaining heat in a warm environment.
Cardiac Output
The volume of blood pumped from the left ventricle in one minute is known as the?
Restraints
These can be used: -Only for safety -When less restrictive measures have been tried -Only with a written order from the health care provider that specifies a start and stop time. -Have to be updated every 24 hours.
Civil War (1860-1865)
What stimulated the growth of nursing in the United States?
Quality Improvement
Use data to monitor the outcomes of care processes and use improvement methods to design and test changes to continuously improve the quality and safety of health care systems.
Informatics
Use information and technology to communicate, manage knowledge, mitigate error, and support decision making.
Last resort
Use of restrains must be a _______.
Stroke Volume
Volume of mL of blood pumped out of the heart with each beat is known as the?
Novice, advanced beginner, competent, proficient, and expert
What are Benner's stages of nursing proficiency?
Assessment, Diagnosis, Outcomes Identification, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation
What are the 6 standards of practice (in order)?
Red
What color is the top for a rectal thermometer?
Hypothalamus
What controls body temp?
Standards of Professional Performance
What describes a competent level of behavior in the professional role? *It assure patients they are receiving high-quality care, that nurses know what is necessary, and that measures are in place to determine whether care meets the standards.
Standards of Practice
What describes a competent level of nursing care demonstrated by the nursing process?
Affordable Care Act (ACA)
What effects how health care is paid for and delivered?
Set Point
What is another name for the patient's normal temperature?
96.8-100.4
What is the acceptable oral temperature range for adults? (Fahrenheit)
The Nursing Process
What is the foundation of clinical decision making?
97.7
What is the normal axillary temperature for adults? (Fahrenheit)
120/80
What is the normal blood pressure for adults?
60-100 bpm
What is the normal heart rate?
98.6
What is the normal oral temperature for adults?(Fahrenheit)
60-100 beats/min
What is the normal pulse range for adults?
99.5
What is the normal rectal temperature for adults? (Fahrenheit)
12 to 20 breaths/min
What is the normal respiration range for adults?
TPRBPO2Pain
What is the order that vital signs should be taken in?
Blood Volume
What is the volume of circulating blood known as?
