NURN218 menstrual cycle

If pregnancy does not occur, the corpus luteum will disintegrate and turn into what is called the? A. Corpus Albicans B. Corpus Callosum C. Corpus Cavernosum D. Corpus Allatum

A

What cycle day does the luteal phase occur? A. Cycle days 15-28 B. Cycle days 5-13 C. Cycle day 14 D. Cycle days 7-14

A

The corpus luteum secretes (select-all-that-apply)? A. Progesterone B. Estrogen C. FSH D. LH

A AND B

Select all the functions of the luteinizing hormone: A. Forming the corpus luteum B. Thickening the endometrium layer for implantation C. Breaking down the wall of the graffian follicle to allow for release of the ovum D. Thinning cervical mucous

A and C

As the graafian follicle matures, a massive amount of estrogen is released by the follicle which causes a luteinizing hormone surge. Approximately, what cycle day does the LH surge occur? A. Cycle day 11-13 B. Cycle day 14 C. Cycle day 5-8 D. Cycle day 1-6

A. Cycle day 11-13

. If fertilization occurs the corpus luteum will act as a temporary endocrine structure to release hormones. It will do this until the placenta is fully developed to take over with hormone secretion and this occurs at approximately? A. 4 weeks gestation B. 8 weeks gestation C. 20 weeks gestation D. 2 weeks gestation

B

14. ___________ is released from the anterior pituitary gland and stimulates the follicles in the ovary to mature. A. Progesterone B. Follicle-stimulating hormone C. Estrogen D. Human chorionic gonadotropin

B

During the menstrual phase the _________ layer of the endometrium is shed. A. Stratum basalis B. Stratum functionalis C. Stratum compactum D. Myometrium

B

If the ovum is to be fertilized, where is the most common site of fertilization? A. Uterine wall B. Fimbria C. Ampulla of the Fallopian Tube D. Isthmus of the Fallopian Tube

C

During which cycle day of a typical 28 day menstrual cycle does the follicular phase occur? A. Cycle days 7-14 B. Cycle days 14-28 C. Cycle days 1-6 D. Cycle days 1-13

D. Cycle days 1-13

The _________ is responsible for secreting gonadotropin-releasing hormone. A. Thalamus B. Hypothalamus C. Anterior pituitary gland D. Posterior pituitary gland

Hypothalmus

True or False: One of the many functions of progesterone is to maintain the endometrium for the fertilized ovum. True False

TRUE

. In what stage does the corpus luteum form? A. Luteal Phase B. Follicular Phase C. Proliferative Phase D. None of the above

The answer is A. The corpus luteum forms during the luteal phase after the ovulation phase. The graafian follicle that released the egg turns into the corpus luteum which acts as a temporary endocrine structure that releases progesterone and estrogen.

What cycle day does the proliferative stage occur? A. Cycle day 7-14 B. Cycle day 14-28 C. Cycle day 1-6 D. Cycle day 1-14

The answer is A. The proliferative phase is where the endometrium starts to thicken. It occurs cycle days 7-14. Remember in cycle days 1-6 (the menstrual phase) the endometrium layer sheds. Now the endometrium must be rebuilt in case pregnancy occurs. Estrogen is responsible for rebuilding the endometrium.

Which statement is TRUE about the ovulation phase? A. The newly released egg will live for 72 hours and disintegrate if not fertilized. B. The woman will have a low basal body temperature before ovulation and then a temperature increase of 0.4-1'F degrees around ovulation. C. The ovum is directly released into the fallopian tube. D. Fertilization most commonly occurs at the fimbria.

The answer is B. Option B is the only correct statement. Option A is wrong because the newly released egg will live for 24 hours (NOT 72) and disintegrate if not fertilized. Option C is wrong because the ovum is directly released into the peritoneal cavity (not fallopian tube) and THEN enters into the fallopian tube with the help of the fimbrae which have cilia that help sweep the ovum into the fallopian tube. Option D is wrong because fertilization most commonly occurs in the AMPULLA of the fallopian tube (not fimbria).

A patient is trying to prevent pregnancy by using the rhythm method. At what time during a woman's cycle is she the most fertile? A. Cycle days 21-28 B. Cycle days 1-6 C. Cycle days 9-16 D. Cycle days 6-9

The answer is C. Ovulation occurs on cycle day 14 and the egg lives for 24 hours. Sperm can live inside the woman's reproductive track for approximately 5 days. Therefore, 5 days before ovulation a woman is fertile and 24 hours after ovulation (days can vary for ovulation depending on a woman's cycle..therefore the patient should avoid having sexual intercourse on cycle days 9-16).

During which stage of the menstrual cycle does the endometrium layer thicken? A. Secretory Phase B. Luteal Phase C. Ovulation Phase D. Proliferative Phase

The answer is D. The proliferative phase is where the endometrium layer is rebuilding. Remember during the menstrual phase (cycle days 1-6) the endometrium layer sheds and must be rebuilt. The estrogen released from the follicle (as it matures) causes the endometrium to thicken, in case pregnancy occurs during this cycle.

Select all the following that is NOT a function of progesterone and estrogen: A. Inhibits the production of LH and FSH B. Causes the hypothalamus to release gonadotropin releasing hormone C. Maintains the endometrium for pregnancy D. Causes the follicle to mature into a graafian follicle

The answers are B and D. Options A and C are the fuctions of progestrone and estrogen. Option B is wrong because when progesterone and estrogen levels fall it causes the hypothalamus to release gonadotropin releasing hormone, therefore, it is not a function of these hormones. Option D describes the role of FSH.