NURS250 Final
Asians Diseases
Hypertension, Cancer of the liver, Lactose intolerance, Thalassemia
African Americans Diseases
Hypertension, Stroke, Sickle cell anemia, Lactose intolerance, Keloids
SBAR
consistent, clear, structured, and easy-to-use method of communication between health care personnel; it organizes communication by the categories of: Situation, Background, Assessment, and Recommendations.
The Health-Illness Continuum
description of a person's health status as a range with anchors that include poor health or imminent death on one end of the continuum to high-level wellness on the other end; a way to measure a person's level of health
Standards of practice
descriptions of the responsibilities for which nurses are accountable
CDC (Center for Disease Control)
develops and applies disease prevention and control, environmental health, and health promotion and health education
Nursing theory
differentiates nursing from other disciplines and activities by serving the purposes of describing, explaining, predicting, and controlling desired outcomes of nursing care practices
Modeling
doing acceptable/not acceptable things; learn from patients and peers (young to old-following what they see/hear)
Bioethics
ethics related to life sciences, human nature and behavior, genetics, research
Cultural imposition
everyone should conform to your own belief system
Elimination Pattern:
excretory function of bowel, bladder, skin; nurses' observation of feces, urine, and sweat; key to body physiological functions
Nutritional-metabolic pattern
food and fluid intake relative to metabolic need; nurse's observation important: intake and output record; health teaching re: diet, calories, energy expenditure: patterns vary across lifestyle
Dominant
group has the most authority to control values and sanctions
Theories
group of concepts that describe a pattern of reality; can be tested, changed, or used to guide research
Eastern European Jews Diseases
Cystic fibrosis, Gaucher's disease, Spinal muscular atrophy, Tay-Sachs' disease
Coping-Stress Tolerance Pattern
Describes patient's ability to manage stress; sources of support; effectiveness of the patterns in terms of stress tolerance
Cognitive and perceptual pattern:
cognitive, sensory-perceptual, memory; most affected by sleep deficits; nurse can help with assistive devices as memory aids
Authoritative Knowledge Source
comes from an expert and is accepted as truth based on the person's perceived expertise (older nurse teaching bedside)
4 Skills of Nurse Leader
communication, problem solving, management, and self-evaluation
refreezing
making a change operational, or a part of one's everyday life
interpersonal domain
style of processing that focuses on learning through social relationships
Critical Thinking
the ability to recognize relationships and connection between data and the ability to apply this knowledge to patient care
Interoperability
the ability to share data across health care systems
high-level wellness model
the recognition of health as an ongoing process toward a person's highest potential of functioning.
Delegation of responsibility
the transfer of responsibility for the performance of an activity to another individual while retaining accountability for the outcome
Blocks to communication:
1. Failure to Perceive the Patient as a Human Being 2. Failure to listen 3. Nontherapeutic comments and questions: clichés, questions requiring yes or no answer (closed questions), questions containing words why or how, questions that probe for information, leading questions, comments that give advice, judgmental comments 4. Changing the Subject 5. Giving false assurance 6. Gossip and rumor 7. Disruptive interpersonal behavior and communication: incivility/bullying, responses to disruptive behaviors and communication
5 rights of delegation
1. Right task 2. Right circumstances 3. Right person 4. Right direction/communication 5. Right supervision
Whites Diseases
Breast cancer, Heart disease, Hypertension, Diabetes mellitus, Obesity
Hispanics Diseases
Diabetes mellitus, Lactose intolerance
Foreign /transnational nursing migration
FEN have helped in past with low numbers of RNs; helps US but hurts our domestic job market
Which quality is essential to being a nurse leader?
Flexibility
Native Americans and Alaska Natives Diseases
Heart disease, Cirrhosis of the liver, Diabetes mellitus, Fetal alcohol syndrome
Closed Question
Narrowly focused questions that require only brief answers such as yes or no
Which represents the basic framework of the research process?
Nursing process
Ethical Problems
Paternalism Deception privacy and social media confidentiality Allocation of resources valid consent or refusal conflicts concerning new technology unprofessional nurse/physician practices short-staffing issues beginning/end of life issues
RN liability
RN responsible for adequate supervision of person to whom assignment has been delegated, RN responsible for if negligent in supervision of employee at time of negligent act, RN accountable for care given and instructing UAP, UAP must know how to perform care
3 types of knowledge
Science Philosophy Process
3 Sources of Knowledge
Traditional Authoritative Scientific
health belief model
a client's beliefs and actions are related and influenced by the client's personal expectations in relation to health and illness
Minority
a physical or cultural characteristic identifies the people as different
Values
a standard to help you determine how to behave; meaningful belief that influence
affective domain
a style of processing that appeals to a person's feelings, beliefs, or values
psychomotor domain
a style of processing that focuses on learning by doing
Nursing Ethics
a subset of bioethics; formal study of ethical issues that arise in the practice of nursing and of the analysis used by nurses to make ethical judgments
abstract
a summary of a research study published in a journal.
Ethics
a systemic study of principles of right and wrong conduct, virtue and vice, good and evil as they relate to conduct and human flourishing
Open Question
allows the respondent to choose his or her response
hypothesis
an expected statement of the relationship between variables in a study
Scientific Knowledge Source
arrived at through scientific method (ex. Foley catheters)
Ethical dilemmas
attempted adherence to basic ethical principles result in two conflicting courses of action
5 characteristics of bioethics
autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence, justice, fidelity
moving
change is initiated after a careful process of planning
Transformational leaders
charismatic, and they are unique in their ability to inspire and motivate other
Health Perception-Health management pattern
client's perceived health and well-being; how health is managed
Value and Belief Pattern
client's sense of values, what he/she believes in, religion; nurse assesses values, beliefs (including spirituality), or goals that guide choices or decisions
cause of nurse demand
demand growing 2-3% each year because of the growing population, advances require more RNs, greater acuity-need more attention, increase in elderly, increase in life expectancy/chronic illnesses
cognitive domain
information is processed by listening or reading facts and descriptions
Autocratic leadership style
involves assuming control over the decisions and activities of the group
Quantum leadership
involves seeing an organization and members as interconnected and collaborative
Democratic leadership
involves sharing the decision making process and activities with others who have an interest
Laissez-faire leadership
involves the leader relinquishing power or control to the group
Fidelity
keeping one's promises and never abandoning a client entrusted to one's care without first providing for the client's needs
Responsible Choice
kids allowed to explore different values and suffer the consequences
Subculture
large group of people who are members of a larger cultural group; have certain ethnic, occupational, or physical characteristics not common to larger culture
Nursing Codes of Ethics
made by the ANA and ICN; determines obligations, duties, makes sure we know what we're doing
Justice
meeting the needs of each client equitably and acting fairly.
Assimilation
minorities living within a dominant group lose the characteristics that made them different
4 forms of value transmission
modeling, laissez-faire, rewarding and punishing, responsible choice
Laissez-Faire
no leadership; ex. Kids explore without guidance or restriction
Ethical Distress
nurse knows right thing to do but factors make it difficult to follow correct course of action
Advantages of UAP
o maximizes human resources; cost reduction o Supplements NOT replacements
Stereotyping
one assumes that all members of a culture or ethnic group act alike
unfreezing
one recognizes the need for change.
How to get back into workforce
part time opportunities/shorter shifts, retaining older staff, health promotion, decrease physical strain and mental exhaustion, keep experienced nurses
Traditional Knowledge Source
passed down from generation to generation ("always done this way")
NEVER done by UAP
patient assessment, nursing diagnosis, care planning, patient teaching, health education, evaluation (NO administering medication)
Self-perception and self-concept pattern:
perceptions of self and self-concept; nurse helps with body comfort, body image, and feelings/emotional state
Activity and exercise pattern
physical activity and exercise, leisure, and recreation; nurses' help with ADL
Nonmaleficence
preventing harm from being done to a client.
Values clarification
process by which people come to understand their own values and value system; choosing (decide to value something), prizing(pride, happiness, public affirmation), and acting (combine choice and behavior with consistency and regularity)
Advocacy
protection and support of another's rights -primary loyalty to patient - good of individual rather than good of society - evaluate determination and well-being of patient
EEOC (Equal Employment Opportunity Commission)
protects employees from discrimination
Autonomy
respects the rights of clients or their surrogates to make healthcare decisions
Rewarding + Punishing
reward for following values/rules, punishment for not following
Role and relationship pattern:
role engagements and relationships with others; nurse assesses client's functioning in different roles of life as mother, father, employee, etc.
Nursing Shortage greatest where?
rural areas in acute care (hospitals)
Ethnicity
sense of identity with a collective cultural group; largely based on group's common heritage
Process (knowledge)
series of events that aim towards meeting a goal (nursing process)
Sexuality and reproductive pattern
sexuality and gender identity; sexual needs and performance; nurse assesses client's satisfaction and dissatisfaction with gender issues, sexuality, and reproduction
Culture
shared system of beliefs, values, behavioral expectation; provides social structure for daily living
Culture conflict
situation that occurs when people become aware of cultural differences, feel threatened, and respond by ridiculing the beliefs and traditions of others to make themselves feel more secure about their own values
Sleep and rest pattern:
sleep, rest, relaxation; nurses' observation problems in this area spill over into other areas
Race
typically based on specific characteristics (skin pigmentation, body stature, facial features, hair texture), federal classifications of races= African American/Black, American Indian/Alaskan, Asian, Native Hawaiian/Pacific American, White
Agent-Host-Environment Model
useful for examining the cause of disease in an individual
Philosophy (knowledge)
values and beliefs; perception of life; in nursing, it is developed through what we learn and through what we gain from practice and experiences
science (knowledge)
we use knowledge and observe, investigate and explain occurrences that take place
Cultural Blindness
when one ignores differences, feels threatened, and ridicule the beliefs and traditions of others to make them feel more secure about their own value
Fraud
willful and purposeful misrepresentation that could cause, or has caused, loss or harm to a person or property
Ethnocentrism
you/the patient feel your own beliefs are best
4 Main Goals of Nurse Manager
· Planning: identifying problems and developing goals, objectives, and related strategies to meet the demands of the clinical arena · Organizing: acquiring, managing, and mobilizing resources to meet both clinical and financial objectives · Staffing: hiring, orienting, scheduling to facilitate team building; also includes staff development · Directing: leading others in achieving goals within the constraints of the current fiscal and workforce shortage scenarios, a demanding task for managers and staff alike · Controlling: implementing mechanisms for ongoing evaluation, particularly in areas of clinical quality and financial accountability