NURS251

Which condition provides the greatest support for a strong genetic contribution to autism spectrum disorders (ASDs)? People with some neurologic disorders also have features of ASDs. ASDs are more likely to occur in children of parents who are over 35 at time of conception. Concordance among dizygotic twins is 10%. Males are affected four times more frequently than females.

Concordance among dizygotic twins is 10%.

Daughters of affected males will be carriers, but sons of affected males will not be affected. What is the pattern of inheritance of this disease? X-linked recessive Autosomal recessive Autosomal dominant X-linked dominant

X-linked recessive

An individual with two normal sets of autosomes and a single X chromosome has Klinefelter syndrome Down syndrome Patau syndrome Turner syndrome

Turner syndrome

Clinical features include spoon shaped nails, short stature, neck webbing, widely spaced nipples, congenital heart defects, delayed puberty. Prader-Willi syndrome Patau's syndrome Turner's syndrome Edwards' syndrome Fragile X syndrome

Turner's syndrome

There are 45 chromosomes, with only 1 X chromosome. Incidence does not increase with maternal age and risk of recurrence is very low Edwards' syndrome Huntingtons disease Patau syndrome Turner's syndrome Kleinfelter syndrome

Turner's syndrome

Which common childhood disorder requires a genetic contribution and a significant environmental contribution to develop fully? von Willebrand disease Sickle cell disease Achondroplasia Type 1 diabetes

Type 1 diabetes

Which of the following is a stop codon? UGU CAG UUA AUG UAA

UAA

Which of the following is not true regarding stroke? People with Hypertension are 4-5 times more likely to have a stroke than people without hypertension Usually single-gene disorders The interaction of Factor V Leiden with other cardiovascular risk factors may increase the risk for ischemic stroke Family history doubles or triples risk of stroke

Usually single-gene disorders

What is the genetic contribution to the development of the most common forms of atherosclerosis? Variation in a variety of genes each exerting a small effect Disordered mitochondrial function reducing energy production Single gene mutation following autosomal dominant inheritance Genetic predisposition expressed after exposure to a viral trigger

Variation in a variety of genes each exerting a small effect

Frameshift mutations applies to the reading frame (sequence of codons) being changed. can occur when one of more nucleotides is deleted from a DNA sequence. can occur when one or more nucleotides are inserted into a DNA sequence. can result in a completely new codon sequence that results in the production of non-functional proteins. all of the above

all of the above

Why is a mutation in the p53 gene so important? cell division is uncontrolled cell division is stopped the ras gene is inhibited cells grow in size and multiple nuclei develop

cell division is uncontrolled

Screening tests are used to teach women about genetics diagnose a disease make a treatment plan determine risk

determine risk

Genetic testing can be used for denying employment providing services to individuals with disabilities determining insurability determining whether a person will definitely develop a genetic condition later life.

determining whether a person will definitely develop a genetic condition later life.

Diagnostic tests are used to make a treatment plan teach women about genetics diagnose a disease determine risk

diagnose a disease

A carrier is a person who has one copy of the gene and exhibits no symptoms for the gene of interest. exhibits symptoms for the gene of interest but no disease. know at some point the gene will cause illness in them exhibits symptoms of the disease associated with the gene of interest.

exhibits no symptoms for the gene of interest.

An individual with the chromosomal description 45, X would be a female with Turner syndrome male with Klinefelter syndrome cannot be determined normal female.

female with Turner syndrome

A point mutation that changes a codon specifying an amino acid into a stop codon is called a frameshift mutation. nonsense mutation. missense mutation. deletion mutation.

nonsense mutation

Atherosclerosis is the term used to describe the onset of a heart attack. high blood cholesterol the increase of pressure in the arteries narrowing of the coronary arteries

narrowing of the coronary arteries

Which relative of a patient who has cystic fibrosis has the correct risk for being a cystic fibrosis carrier? Father 100% Brother 100% Sister 0% Mother 50%

Father 100%

Which of the following is NOT a result of multifactorial inheritance? Epilepsy Cancers Hypertension Hemophilia A Diabetes Mellitus

Hemophilia A

Prader Willi syndrome and Angelman syndrome are subject to this phenomenon Mosaicism Non-penetrance Imprinting Homozygosity Nondisjunction

Imprinting

The most common (94%) cytogenetic reason for trisomy 21 Mosaicism Nondisjunction Non-penetrance Translocation Imprinting

Nondisjunction

What can be interpreted about type 2 diabetes mellitus in monozygotic twins when it affects only one twin 70% of the time and affects both twins 30% of the time? Mutation repair is incompletely penetrant. The trait is recessive. Homologous genes can undergo chromatid exchanges. Nongenetic factors can influence expression.

Nongenetic factors can influence expression.

What is the expected result of a "nonsense" point mutation? No change in amino acid sequence and no change in the composition of the protein product Replacing an amino acid codon with a "stop" codon, resulting in a truncated protein product Total disruption of the gene reading frame, no production of protein Replacement of one amino acid with another in the final gene product

Replacing an amino acid codon with a "stop" codon, resulting in a truncated protein product

Which of the following is not needed for DNA transcription? Ribosome Enzymes Nucleotides DNA

Ribosome

A 23-year-old man states that he often hears the voice of Elvis Presley talking to him. Although somewhat anxious, his mood is normal. The most likely diagnosis is? Personality disorder Schizophrenia Bipolar disorder Autism Major depression

Schizophrenia

Prenatal testing is required only for women who are at risk for producing an infant with a genetic problem. recommended for all women planning a pregnancy required for all women who are pregnant recommended for all women who are pregnant

recommended for all women who are pregnant

The most common autosomal aneuploid is trisomy 15 trisomy 13 trisomy 18 trisomy 21

trisomy 21

A woman whose hemoglobin S levels are less than 1% has a brother with sickle cell disease and both parents have been diagnosed as carriers for the disorder. She asks what her risks are of having a child with sickle cell disease. What is the best response? "Because you do not have the trait, you cannot have a child with sickle cell disease regardless of your partner's sickle cell status." "Because your brother actually has sickle cell disease, the risk for your children having sickle cell disease is 50% with each pregnancy." "Because both your parents have the trait, it is possible for you to have a child with sickle cell disease if your partner actually has the disease." "Because you are a woman, your daughters will each have a 50% risk for having the disease and all of your sons will be carriers of the trait."

"Because you do not have the trait, you cannot have a child with sickle cell disease regardless of your partner's sickle cell status."

A 31-year-old man has been diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as a result of being homozygous for the ZZ mutation of the alpha1-antitrypsin (AAT) gene alleles. His wife has been tested and does not have a mutation of her AAT gene alleles. The man is worried that his three children may eventually develop COPD. What is your best response? "Because you have the mutations and your wife does not, your son will be at an increased risk for developing COPD but your daughter will only be a carrier." "Because your children will each have only one mutated gene allele, their risk for COPD is primarily dependent on chronic environmental exposure to inhalation irritants." "Because your wife is not affected nor is a carrier, your children will have normal levels of AAT and their risk is the same as for the general population." "Because your wife does not have the mutation and neither of your parents have the disease, your children will not be affected."

"Because your children will each have only one mutated gene allele, their risk for COPD is primarily dependent on chronic environmental exposure to inhalation irritants."

An 85-year-old patient states that she does not perform breast self-exam because there is no history of breast cancer in her family. What is the best response? "Breast cancer can be found more frequently in some families; however, the risk for general, nonfamilial breast cancer increases with age." "Because your breasts are no longer as dense as they were when you were younger, your risk for breast cancer is now decreased." "You are correct. Breast cancer is an inherited type of malignancy and your family history indicates a low risk for you." "Examining your breasts once per year when you have your mammogram is sufficient screening for someone with your history."

"Breast cancer can be found more frequently in some families; however, the risk for general, nonfamilial breast cancer increases with age."

An obese patient (Body Mass Index of 35) states "There is no point in changing how I eat because it is all genetics anyway." What is the best response? "You are right, you can't change your genes. There is no point in dieting." "Even with a large genetic component, obesity can be reduced by sensible diet and exercise." "With your genetics, your best bet would be a low-carb Atkins-type diet." "Let's gather some more family history about body height, weight, and eating patterns."

"Even with a large genetic component, obesity can be reduced by sensible diet and exercise."

A 21-year-old woman who has two brothers with Duchenne muscular dystrophy asks whether carrier status testing is appropriate for her. What is the best response? "Testing could be beneficial because your risk for being a carrier is nearly 100%." "Testing is not necessary because the spontaneous mutation rate for this genetic problem is high and likely to be why your brothers have the disease." "Testing is not necessary because you would have expressed some symptoms of the disease by this time if you were a carrier." "Testing could be beneficial because your risk for being a carrier is approximately 50%.

"Testing could be beneficial because your risk for being a carrier is approximately 50%.

Which of the following is not a tumor suppressor gene? BRCA2 p53 RAS Rb BRCA1

RAS

Which specific type of genetic problem causes sickle cell disease? A point mutation Balanced translocation Unbalanced translocation Gene deletion

A point mutation

What is the relationship among genes, DNA, and proteins? Proteins are the nitrogenous bases that form double strands of DNA in its helical shape. A gene is a section of DNA that provides the directions for synthesizing a specific protein. Protein is composed of DNA that is organized into specific gene sequences called amino acids. DNA is composed of a series of amino acids that provide the directions for synthesizing proteins.

A gene is a section of DNA that provides the directions for synthesizing a specific protein.

Which of the following best describes a photo-oncogene? A gene with a point mutation that is common in many cancers A gene that, when mutated, can become an oncogene A major cause of chronic myelogenous leukemia A subset of tumor suppressor genes

A gene that, when mutated, can become an oncogene

If there are 10 possible alleles for the single gene trait of nose shape, how many alleles can a person with euploid chromosomes inherit from his or her biological parents? 1 2 10 4 5

2

For two carrier parents, the risk of a child being affected by an autosomal recessive condition is 50% 25% 75% 5% 100%

25%

Which cell division process sequences are normal for meiosis for gametogenesis? Two rounds of DNA synthesis each followed by a separate round of meiotic cell division Two rounds of DNA synthesis followed by two progressive rounds of meiotic cell division A single round of DNA synthesis first preceded by one round of meiotic cell division and then followed by a final round of meiotic cell division A single round of DNA synthesis followed by two separate rounds of meiotic cell division

A single round of DNA synthesis followed by two separate rounds of meiotic cell division

Which of the following are components of nucleotides? Select all that apply A. deoxyribose B. amino acids C. phosphate D. enzymes E. organic bases

A. deoxyribose C. phosphate E. organic bases

Which ONE of the following is a tumor suppressor gene? Group of answer choices MLH1 APC MYC KRAS

APC

The risk factor(s) that contributed to cardiovascular disease was/were Smoking All of the above High cholesterol Hypertension

All of the above

Which ethnic group has the highest incidence of sickle cell disease? Asian Americans French Canadians from Quebec Ashkenazi Jews African Americans

African Americans

Which of the following clinical features are characteristic of familial cancer? Does not demonstrate any observable pattern of inheritance All of the above Family may have a higher-than-expected incidence of several cancer types Cancer that occurs at a higher-than-expected frequency within a kindred

All of the above

Which of the following clinical features are characteristic of hereditary cancer? All of the above Diagnosis at much younger-than-expected ages Caused by germline mutations in tumor suppressor gene Cancer that occurs with an observable autosomal dominant pattern within a kindred

All of the above

Which of the follwing is true regarding familial hypercholesterolemia (FH)? Most common genetic defects in FH are LDLR mutations Homozygotic mutation of LDLR gene may cause severe cardiovascular disease in childhood. All of the above FH is a common genetic disorder, inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern.

All of the above

Which of the following is NOT an autosomal dominant disorder? Alzheimer's Disease Marfan syndrome Huntington disease Neurofibromatosis I Ehlers-Danlos syndrome

Alzheimer's Disease

Why are complex or multifactorial disorders more commonly expressed among adults than among children? Gene expression in adults is greater than in childhood as a result of age-related amplification of gene copy numbers. As adults age there is more time for environmental factors to influence the expression of a genetic disorder. Children have better DNA repair mechanisms than adults and are more likely to correct a predisposition for a complex disorder. In order for a complex or multifactorial disorder to be expressed in childhood, the child must be homozygous for the genetic mutation.

As adults age there is more time for environmental factors to influence the expression of a genetic disorder.

All of the following diseases belong to the autism spectrum disorders (ASD) except: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) Childhood disintegrative disorder (CDD) Autistic disorder Asperger's disorder Pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS)

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Which of the following is not correct regarding the risk factors of schizophrenia? Autism Substance use Perinatal infections Malnutrition in the mother during fetal development. Advanced paternal age

Autism

Which statement regarding autoimmune diseases is true? Autoimmune disorders and diseases are more common among females than among males. Autoimmune disorders and diseases are more common among males than among females. The main characteristics of an autoimmune disorder are a reduced inflammatory response and increased resistance to infection. The main characteristics of an autoimmune disorder are a reduced inflammatory response and increased susceptibility to infection.

Autoimmune disorders and diseases are more common among females than among males.

Male and female offspring each have a 50% chance of inheriting the abnormal gene if one parent is affected. What is the pattern of inheritance of this disease? Autosomal recessive X-linked dominant Autosomal dominant X-linked recessive

Autosomal dominant

An affected individual is homozygous for the abnormal gene, having inherited an abnormal allele from each parent, both of whom are unaffected heterozygous carriers X-linked dominant multifactorial inheritance Autosomal dominant X-linked recessive Autosomal recessive

Autosomal recessive

Replication of DNA occurs: A. During cell division B. Before cell division C. At anytime

B. Before cell division

A nucleotide triplet codes for: A. a protein B. an amino acid C. an enzyme D. an organic base

B. an amino acid

BRCA-1 is associated with which cancer? Thyroid Breast Leukemia Prostate

Breast

The triplet code of CAT in DNA is represented as ______ in mRNA and ______ in tRNA, respectively. Correct! CAU, GUA CAU, GTA CAT, CAT CAT, GAA

CAU, GUA

Which statement regarding the biology of cancer is always true? When cancer cells are exposed to air, their growth rate becomes uncontrolled. The biggest risk factor for cancer development is having a first-degree relative with cancer. Cancer cells arise from normal cells through changes in genes that control cell division The majority of cancers are inherited.

Cancer cells arise from normal cells through changes in genes that control cell division

Which of the following clinical features are not characteristic of Sporadic cancer? Mutations through carcinogenesis disrupt regulation of cell division (usually somatic cells) Cancer that occurs usually as a result of environmental exposure or unknown factors Cancer that occurs with an observable autosomal dominant pattern within a kindred Not present in higher than expected levels within three family generations

Cancer that occurs with an observable autosomal dominant pattern within a kindred

Which characteristic(s) is/are associated with an inherited predisposition for a cancer type? The carcinogenesis stage of "promotion" is not required for cancer development. These cancers are not picked up by routine cancer screening methods. They are passed on only to the children of the same gender as the parent with the predisposition. Cancers tend to appear at an earlier age than do "sporadic" cancers.

Cancers tend to appear at an earlier age than do "sporadic" cancers.

Which of the following is a type of genetic testing that is used to determine if a person is a carrier for a specific autosomal recessive diseases? Newborn screening Prenatal testing Predictive testing Carrier testing Diagnostic testing

Carrier testing

Which "Schizophrenia fact" is correct? females are more often affected than males. Because the phenotype of schizophrenia is so obvious, diagnosis and inheritance risk are the most easily determined of all the psychiatric disorders. When one identical twin is affected with schizophrenia the other most certainly will be affected. Copy number variants appear to play an important role in genetic risk for schizophrenia.

Copy number variants appear to play an important role in genetic risk for schizophrenia.

DNA molecules are formed from? A. organic bases B. amino acids C. deoxyribose D. nucleotides

D. nucleotides

The "Central Dogma" of protein synthesis can be summed up as follows: Correct! DNA --> transcription --> RNA --> translation --> protein. DNA --> RNA --> translation --> transcription--> protein. DNA --> translation --> RNA --> transcription--> protein. DNA --> RNA --> transcription --> translation--> protein.

DNA --> transcription --> RNA --> translation --> protein.

Which event occurs during mitosis? The number of chromosomes decreases from diploid to haploid DNA density decreases and the 46 separate pieces assemble into one linear strand Homologous chromosomes synapse and then cross over Daughter cells are produced that are genetically identical to the parent cell

Daughter cells are produced that are genetically identical to the parent cell

What health advantage does sickle cell trait or disease confer on the person who has it? Decreased risk for fulminating cholera Decreased risk for type 1 diabetes mellitus Decreased risk for hypercholesterolemia Decreased risk for malaria

Decreased risk for malaria

Which of the following is NOT an autosomal recessive disorder? Phenylketonuria Sickle cell disease Thalassemia Duchenne muscular dystrophy Tay-sachs disease

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

If a man with hereditary hemochromatosis has children with a woman who is a carrier for the disorder, what is the expected risk pattern? Each child of either gender has a 50% risk of being a carrier and a 50% risk of having the disease. All sons will be affected; all daughters will be carriers. Daughters have a 50% risk for being affected; all sons will either be affected or carriers. Each child of either gender has a 50% risk of being a carrier, a 25% risk of having the disease, and a 25% risk of neither being a carrier nor having the disease.

Each child of either gender has a 50% risk of being a carrier and a 50% risk of having the disease.

Trisomy 18 - low birthweight, prominent occiput, small mouth and chin, short sternum, flexed overlapping fingers, rocker bottom feet, cardiac and renal malformations. Edwards' syndrome Patau's syndrome Kleinfelter syndrome Down's syndrome Turner's syndrome

Edwards' syndrome

Which of the following is NOT an X-linked recessive disorder? Hemophilia A and B Hunter's syndrome Ehlers-Danlos syndrome Duchenne's muscular dystrophy

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome

Which ethnic group has the highest incidence of cystic fibrosis? Hispanic Americans African Americans European Americans Asian Americans

European Americans

Which factor is consistent with Multifactorial (Complex) Genetic Disease? It tends to be autosomal dominant. Monozygotic (identical) twin concordance is 100%. Expression of the trait often involves mutations in several genes. Genotype consistently predicts phenotype.

Expression of the trait often involves mutations in several genes.

Which of the following is not a polygenic disorder? Stroke Hypertension Factor V Leiden Thrombophilia Coronary artery disease

Factor V Leiden Thrombophilia

Which of the following statements regarding behavioral genetics is false? Many genes can have a significant influence on human behaviors. Most psychiatric problems are complex (multifactorial), combining the effects of several genes working together with the environment. In general, human behaviors are controlled by genes directly. Many psychiatric problems seem to run in families.

In general, human behaviors are controlled by genes directly.

Which statement regarding type 1 von Willebrand disease (VWD) is true? Males are affected twice as frequently as females It represents a female form of classic hemophilia. Carriers can transmit the disease to their children. Incomplete or reduced penetrance is common.

Incomplete or reduced penetrance is common.

Which result of genetic/genomic variation has the most support as a cause of asthma? Early childhood exposures to inhalation irritants (air pollution) Mutations of frontal lobe genes controlling attention-getting behavior Increased inflammatory responses to environmental triggers Decreased resistance to infectious microorganisms

Increased inflammatory responses to environmental triggers

Which factor has the greatest influence in the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus? Secedentary lifestyle coupled with childhood obesity Inheritance of the HLA-DR or HLA-DQ tissue types Mutation in the gene for pancreas development Advanced maternal age at conception

Inheritance of the HLA-DR or HLA-DQ tissue types

Most psychiatric disorders are: Inherited but involve multiple genes Inherited following a Mendelian model Not inherited Due to de novo mutations Inherited single-gene disorders

Inherited but involve multiple genes

Which of the following is not correct regarding familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)? It is a form of cardiomyopathy in which the walls are rigid, and the heart is restricted from stretching and filling with blood properly. It is a leading cause of sudden cardiac death in young athletes. It may be asymptomatic until adolescence or later Familial HCM is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait.

It is a form of cardiomyopathy in which the walls are rigid, and the heart is restricted from stretching and filling with blood properly.

WHich of the following is not true regarding Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH)? Heterozygous FH occurs in about 1:500 people while homozygous FH occurs in about 1:1,000,000. Is a genetic disorder characterized by high cholesterol levels People with FH may develop accelerated atherosclerosis due to the excess level of LDL The most common genetic defects in FH are mutations of LDLR that encodes the LDL receptor protein. It is a multifactorial disorder

It is a multifactorial disorder

Clinical features include infertility, hypogonadism, gynaecomastia, tall stature, possible educational and psychological problems. Kleinfelter syndrome Turner's syndrome Down's syndrome Edwards' syndrome Patau's syndrome

Kleinfelter syndrome

Which of the following is not a tumour suppressor gene? Kras BRCA1 p53A PCRb

Kras

hich problem is associated with Tangier disease as an increased risk for coronary artery disease? Low levels of triglycerides High levels of triglycerides High levels of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) Low levels of high-density lipoproteins (HDLs)

Low levels of high-density lipoproteins (HDLs)

Which tissues are most commonly affected by mutation of the CFTR gene? Brain and intestines Eyes and ears Kidneys and long bones Lungs and pancreas

Lungs and pancreas

A diagnostic hallmark of Bipolar disoder is: Social isolation and withdrawal Depression Mania Psychotic features

Mania

Which of the following is correct regarding atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease (CAD)? A genetic contribution accounts for about 90% of all CAD cases. Many genes are associated with inflammation in atherosclerosis and CAD People who carry the ApoE4 allele tend to have lower risk for CAD. It is a monogenic disorder

Many genes are associated with inflammation in atherosclerosis and CAD

Which of the following is true regarding Schizophrenia? The heritability estimate for schizophrenia in the general population is about 20% Many genes, such as specific copy number variations, NOTCH4, are believed to be involved in schizophrenia. Three times more common among women It is characterized by long-term patterns of thoughts and behaviors that are unhealthy and inflexible.

Many genes, such as specific copy number variations, NOTCH4, are believed to be involved in schizophrenia.

A(n) _____ is a type of cancer-causing gene that promotes cancer by activating cell division at an inappropriate time or place. Oncogene Apoptotic gene DNA repair gene Tumor suppressor gene

Oncogene

How many mature ovum result from the complete oogenesis of one oogonium? Two One Four Three

One

Which of the following statements regarding Spermatogenesis is not correct? Begins at puberty continues until death One spermatogonium results in two mature sperms Conversion of diploid precursor male sex cells (spermatogonia) into mature haploid sperm This mixture of chromosome material (a process called crossing over) increases potential diversity

One spermatogonium results in two mature sperms

How do cyclins influence the process of cell division? Suppressing oncogene products and inhibiting movement through the cell cycle Opposing tumor suppressor gene products and promoting cell division and replication Promoting apoptosis and allowing programmed cellular "suicide" Generating transcription factors and promoting differentiated functions

Opposing tumor suppressor gene products and promoting cell division and replication

Trisomy 13 - structural brain defect, scalp defect, small eyes, cleft lip & palate, polydactyly, cardiac and renal malformations Kleinfelter syndrome Turner's syndrome Down's syndrome Patau's syndrome Edwards' syndrome

Patau's syndrome

How is sickle cell trait different from sickle cell disease? People with sickle cell trait are homologous for the mutation, whereas those with sickle cell disease are heterozygous for the mutation. People with sickle cell disease are homologous for the mutation, whereas those with sickle cell trait are heterozygous for the mutation. Sickle cell trait results from an inherited mutation, and sickle cell disease results from an acquired mutation. Sickle cell disease results from an inherited mutation, and sickle cell trait results from an acquired mutation.

People with sickle cell disease are homologous for the mutation, whereas those with sickle cell trait are heterozygous for the mutation.

If the deletion affects the maternal chromosome 15, the child will have Angelman syndrome, if it affects the paternal chromosome, the child will have ________ Patau's syndrome Fragile X syndrome Prader-Willi syndrome Duchenne muscular dystrophy Turner's syndrome

Prader-Willi syndrome

Which of the following is a genetic testing that may be useful to people who have a family history of a treatable genetic disorder and show no signs of illness? Newborn screening Prenatal testing Predictive testing Carrier testing Diagnostic testing

Predictive testing

In a genetic testing, a healthy person is tested for a condition with delayed onset and a positive result indicates that the patient will develop the condition but does not indicate when this will occur. This is an example of which of the following genetic testing? Prenatal testing Diagnostic testing Newborn screening Carrier testing Presymptomatic genetic testing

Presymptomatic genetic testing

In which of the following genetic testings, a healthy person is tested for a condition with delayed onset and a positive result indicates that the patient will develop the condition but does not indicate when this will occur? Carrier testing Newborn screening Prenatal testing Presymptomatic genetic testing Diagnostic testing

Presymptomatic genetic testing

What is the function of ribosomes (also known as ribosomal RNA) in protein synthesis? Serves as a transport molecule able to move a specific amino acid to the site of protein synthesis (peptide chain elongation) in the correct sequence Serves as the coordinator mechanism to allow proper reading of the mRNA and placement of the correct amino acid in the sequence by the tRNAs Allows interpretation of the two strands of DNA to determine which is the "sense" strand and which is the "antisense" strand Allows further processing of synthesized proteins (post-translational modification in order to ensure that the final product is physiologically active)

Serves as the coordinator mechanism to allow proper reading of the mRNA and placement of the correct amino acid in the sequence by the tRNAs

What is thought to be the usual function of a normal BRCA1 gene? Increases the expression of cytochrome P450 enzymes Enhances overall cell growth during puberty Suppresses the growth potential of a variety of oncogenes Directs the development of normal breast tissue

Suppresses the growth potential of a variety of oncogenes

Which condition or factor most strongly supports a genetic basis for development of type 2 diabetes mellitus? Type 2 diabetes occurring in two cousins before age 30 years The incidence of disease concordance is higher in dizygotic twins than in monozygotic twins The disease developing in a person whose parents also have type 2 diabetes The fact that type 2 diabetes is more prevalent in one city than it is in another similar size city

The disease developing in a person whose parents also have type 2 diabetes

How is apoptosis related to physiologic homeostasis? Correct! The efficiency of organ/tissue functions is increased. Replacement with scar tissue occurs more rapidly after cell damage. Cells that are able to undergo apoptosis bypass restriction point controls for mitosis. The process prevents germline mutations.

The efficiency of organ/tissue functions is increased.

A son with achondroplasia is born to parents with no family history of the disease. What is the most likely explanation for the son's disorder? The gamete of one parent had a spontaneous mutation. The son's DNA underwent a spontaneous mutation during the second trimester of pregnancy. The son is not biologically related to the mother. The son is not biologically related to the father.

The gamete of one parent had a spontaneous mutation.

Which statement best explains the "thrifty genotype" for the high incidence of type 2 diabetes? The person with a thrifty genotype conserves the energy lost from the body as heat and requires less rest to perform the same amount of work. The person with a thrifty genotype has an efficient metabolism that generates more energy from less food and is more likely to survive famine. The person with a thrifty genotype stores energy rather than expends energy so that more energy is available for survival when food is scarce. The person with a thrifty genotype feels satiety with smaller amounts of food and is less likely to become obese, thus increasing longevity.

The person with a thrifty genotype stores energy rather than expends energy so that more energy is available for survival when food is scarce.

Which variable in a person with coronary artery disease increases the likelihood of a strong genetic influence in its expression? The disorder is present in about 5% of the person's maternal older male family members. The disorder is not present in the person's dizygotic twin. The problem is severe before age 50 years. The affected person has eaten a vegetarian diet for the past 5 years.

The problem is severe before age 50 years.

Your patient has elected to pursue online direct-to-consume genetic testing for breast cancer. Which of the following would you want to make her aware of? Online gene test results are highly reliable and valid. The reliability, validity, and interpretation of online gene test results have been questioned. Direct-to-consume genetic tests have been banned in the U.S They can be ordered with the permission of a physician.

The reliability, validity, and interpretation of online gene test results have been questioned.

Which of the following statements is false regarding Personality disorders? Personalty disorders are complex disorders Borderline disorder is more common among women. There is no environmental contribution to personalty disorders Antisocial personality disorder is diagnosed more often in men than women.

There is no environmental contribution to personalty disorders

What is the function of a tumor suppressor gene product? To suppress the loss of differentiated functions with aging To ensure the precise delivery of chromosomes to each new daughter cell To prevent formation of a large nuclear-to-cytoplasmic ratio during the G0 state To ensure cell division occurs only when it is needed

To ensure cell division occurs only when it is needed

Which of the following statements regarding Oogenesis is not correct? Begins at in fetal life continues until menopause Total process to mature ova 8 to 10 weeks One oogonium results in one mature ovum capable of being fertilized Mature ova do not complete meiosis II until fertilization occurs

Total process to mature ova 8 to 10 weeks

While genetic testing can identify the genetic composition of an individual, also known as the____________, it may not be able to accurately determine what a person actually will look like, which is known as the _____________ genotype; allele phenotype; genotype phenotype; allele genotype; phenotype

genotype; phenotype

Two healthy people have a child expressing a genetic condition caused by a dominant allele. What can you conclude about this situation? the child is not the biological child of the couple described the parents are not free from the disorder, one must be affected the mutation arose spontaneously in the child infidelity, one parent had to contribute the disease allele

the mutation arose spontaneously in the child