Nursing Fundamentals -- Documentation and Communication

An abductor muscle is one that:

A) Is on a hand or foot appendage B) Is tiny and lifts a body part upwards C) Moves a body part away from the midline D) Moves a body part downwards towards the feet Ans: C

The muscles that move the femur originate at which of the following?

A) Lower lumbar area B) At the tibia and fibula C) The patella D) The pelvic girdle Ans: D

The prefix "quad" as used in naming the quadriceps muscle means that:

A) It is connected to four different bones of the skeletal system B) It is one of a group of four muscles in that location C) It has four potential directions of movement D) It uses four motor neurons to achieve movement Ans: B

The ability of cardiac muscle to contract in a wave-like pattern and function as a pump is due to:

A) Hormones B) Mitochondria C) Myoglobin D) Intercalated discs Ans: D

Muscle fatigue occurs as ______ increases in concentration in the muscle tissues.

A) Hyaluronic acid B) Fatty acids C) Hydrochloric acid D) Lactic acid Ans: D

Moving the thumb to touch the fingertips of the phalanges is termed:

A) Hyperflexion B) Opposition C) Abduction D) Synergy Ans: B

Sarcopenia is caused by

A) Increase in muscle mass due to repair after significant injury B) Increased resistance to disease and atrophy from strength training C) Muscle atrophy due to the aging process and accompanying loss of muscle fibers D) Muscle tone and elasticity increases from isotonic muscle contractions Ans: C

What is meant by a muscle "twitch"?

A) An isolated contraction caused by a single action potential from a motor neuron B) Muscle fibers contracting in a wave-like motion as they continue through a limb C) A group of intense contractions caused by a motor unit in the smooth muscle D) A hormonal cascade from the Endocrine system resulting in a new muscle innervation Ans: A

Which method of ATP creation listed below generates the greatest amount of ATP?

A) Anaerobic glycolysis B) Aerobic respiration C) Anaerobic fermentation D) Creatine phosphate metabolism Ans: B

Flexion of the forearms involves the action of which of the following?

A) Biceps brachii B) Fingertips C) Triceps brachii D) Supinator E) Pronator teres Ans: A

The Fibularis longus and Fibularis brevis give the body the ability to:

A) Both flex and evert the lower legs at the patella/knee B) Lower the sole of the foot to the ground when jumping C) Raise the big toe anteriorly D) Lift the leg off the ground at the knee Ans: B

The prime mover that creates the motion of lifting the arms into abduction is the:

A) Deltoid B) Brachialis C) Infraspinatus D) Scapularis Ans: A

Skeletal muscle contraction is initiated by release of the neurotransmitter:

A) Dopamine B) Serotonin C) Acetylcholine D) Epinephrine Ans: C

Skeletal muscle is innervated by:

A) Efferent sensory neurons B) Afferent sensory neurons C) Somatic motor neurons D) Systemic motor neurons Ans: C

The ability of muscle tissue to return to its original length when relaxed is due to:

A) Excitability B) Extensibility C) Contractility D) Elasticity Ans: D

A group of muscle fibers bundled by connective tissue as a unit within the muscle tissue is termed a:

A) Fascicle B) Sphincter C) Perimysium D) Fascia Ans: A

The main muscle involved in chewing food is the:

A) Mandibular B) Palatoglossus C) Geniohyoid D) Masseter Ans: D

When a muscle atrophies, which of the following occurs?

A) Muscle strength increases B) Muscle tone and flexibility both increase C) The number of sarcomeres and myofibrils decrease D) The number of muscle fibers decreases Ans:

What is meant by "Fibrosis"?

A) Muscle tissue growth due to the action of myofibrils B) Significant damage to muscle tissue causes replacement of muscle fibers by scar tissue C) Increased fiber intake that aids in elimination of waste in muscle tissues D) Smooth muscle regeneration in the blood vessels Ans: B

How do skeletal muscles contribute to temperature homeostasis?

A) Muscles require energy in the form of heat in order to perform contraction and relaxation B) Shivering increases muscle mass and surface area and insulates the body from heat loss C) Oxygenation increases when muscles are at rest, thus increasing temperature D) Muscle contraction requires conversion of ATP to ADP and releases heat energy Ans:

Muscle tissue in the body arises from which embryonic layer?

A) Myoderm B) Ectoderm C) Endoderm D) Mesoderm Ans: D

Aging Skeletal muscle cells are replaced by _____ as they degenerate and die.

A) Neural and epithelial tissue B) Adipose and endothelial tissue C) Connective and epithelial tissue D) Connective and adipose tissue Ans: D

Aerobic respiration requires ______ in order to produce ATP.

A) Oxygen and glucose B) Hydrogen and oxygen C) Glucose and glucagon D) Carbon dioxide and glucagon Ans: A

Movement of the toes downward, as seen in dancers such as ballerinas, is termed:

A) Plantar flexion B) Rotation C) Eversion D) Dorsiflexion Ans: A

The movement of shrugging the shoulder originates in which of the following muscles?

A) Rhomboid minor B) Subclavius C) Pectoralis minor D) Trapezius Ans: D

Muscle contraction depends on the action of actin and myosin in response to ____ ions.

A) Sodium B) Potassium C) Magnesium D) Calcium Ans: D

The size of a motor unit is dependent on:

A) The angle of the joint of the skeletal muscles involved B) All motor units are the same size C)The amount of muscle tension required D) The number of motor neurons Ans: C

A neuromuscular junction is best described as:

A) The areas of skeletal muscle where intercalated discs meet B) The location where muscle fibers meet the terminal end of a motor neuron C) The shared synapse between the terminal end of one neuron's axon and the dendritic end of the following neuron D) The area where muscles of the head and neck meet Ans:

In terms of isotonic contractions, a concentric contraction is defined by:

A) The lengthening of a muscle to move a load B) Keeping the angle of a skeletal muscle joint stable while the muscle contracts C) The increase in the angle of a skeletal muscle joint D) The shortening of a muscle to move a load Ans: D

A muscle's origin is:

A) The location where a muscle is innervated by the nervous system B) The attachment site to the skeleton which does not move during contraction C) The place where the skeleton is pulled by the muscle during contraction D) The junction of a muscle with its associated tendons and ligaments Ans: B

The gastrocnemius muscle can be characterized as:

A) The most superficial and visible calf muscle B) The largest muscle in the lower back C) The most important muscle in terms of stabilizing the ankles D) The muscle group supporting the head and neck Ans: A

Isotonic contractions differ from isometric contractions in that:

A) They are common names for the same type of muscle movement B) Isotonic contractions increase the tension in the muscle C) Isometric contractions do not move a load D) Isometric contractions increase the angle of a skeletal muscle joint Ans: C

What is the function of the quadriceps femoris muscle group

A) To extend and stabilize the patella/knee B) To serve as an attachment point for the pelvic girdle C) To flex the ankle anteriorly D) To rotate the legs laterally Ans: A

What is the function of the caval opening in the diaphragm?

A) To give the ribs room to expand during exhalation B) To collect excess interstitial fluid from the Circulatory system C) To allow negative air pressure to build up for inhalation D) To serve as a passageway for blood vessels Ans: D

The muscle responsible for rotating and tilting the head both side-to-side and forwards is called the:

A) Transversospinales B) Splenius cervicis C) Erector spinae D) Sternocleido-mastoid Ans: D

The _____ is the most important muscle of the pelvic floor, as it functions to support the pelvic viscera and aid in defecation

A) Urethrovaginalis B) Perineum C) Pubic rami D) Levator ani Ans: D

Joint stability is achieved by small, constant adjustments of which muscle type?

A) Visceral B) Cardiac C) Skeletal D) Smooth Ans: C

The origin of the facial muscle responsible for smiling is the:

A) Zygomatic bone B) Maxilla C) Occipital bone D) Frontal bone Ans: A