Nursing Research Test 1

Put EBP steps in order: 1. Apply 2. Acquire 3. Appraise 4. Ask 5. Assess

4. Ask 2. Acquire 3. Appraise 1. Apply 5. Assess

A nurse begins an evidence-based practice (EBP) endeavor with the following question: "In children aged 8-12 years does suffering from asthma affect the children social development?" In this question, "suffering from asthma" is which of the following PIO components? A. (I) Influence or exposure B. (O) outcome C. Comparison D. Population E. (I) Intervention

A. (I) Influence or exposure

What is the effect of a nursing smoking cessation intervention on the number of cigarettes that patients smoke? A. A (Quantitative) B. B (Qualitative)

A. A (Quantitative)

Which of the following is the purpose of a journal club? A. Discussion of a research article regarding its merits and relevance to practice B. Presentation by a research article's author about the central idea of the article C. Testing of participants on their comprehension of selected journal articles D. Development of an idea for a journal article

A. Discussion of a research article regarding its merits and relevance to practice

In which of the following clinical questions is fatigue the "I" component? A. Does fatigue affect agitation in the cognitively impaired? B. Does physical activity affect fatigue in cardiac rehab pts.? C. What's the meaning of fatigue in patients with sleep apnea D. Does depression in chronic fatigue improves exercise?

A. Does fatigue affect agitation in the cognitively impaired?

Which of the following is a cause-probing research question? A. Does rigorous exercise reduce the risk of obesity? B. Do men exercise more than women? C. What amount of exercise is optimal for adolescents? D. Do people who exercise have better nutritional habits?

A. Does rigorous exercise reduce the risk of obesity?

(O)(what is the outcome) What's the effect of relaxation therapy vs biofeedback on functional ability if pts with RA? A. Functional ability B. Rheumatoid Arthritis C. Biofeedback D Relaxation therapy

A. Functional ability

Which activity occurs during the conceptual phase of a quantitative research project? A. Identifying the research problem and formulating research questions. B. Obtaining funding for the project C. Developing intervention protocols D. Specifying how the sample will be selected and how many subjects needed.

A. Identifying the research problem and formulating research questions.

Clinical practice guidelines put evidence into usable form. A. True B. False

A. True

Journal clubs involve meeting among clinicians to discuss the evaluate studies. A. True B. False

A. True

Most published studies have deficiencies as well as strengths A. True B. False

A. True

•brief description of major features of a study at the beginning of a journal article. -What were the research questions? -What methods were used to address those questions? -What were the findings? -What are the implications for nursing practice?

Abstract

(functional) relationship (e.g., gender and life expectancy)

Associative

The study sample consisted of 135 mothers from an inner city neighborhood would appear in A. Introduction B Method Section C Results section D. Discussion

B Method Section

When a finding is statistically reliable, it means which of the following? A) The finding is very important B) The same results are likely to occur with a new sample of subjects C) The researcher's hypothesis is correct D) Changes in nursing procedures are needed

B) The same results are likely to occur with a new sample of subjects

Which of the following would be the first step when investing evidence for a ng care patient? A. Searching for possible evidence B. Asking answerable clinical questions C. Assessing effectiveness of decision D. Assembling available evidence

B. Asking answerable clinical questions

What does it mean to a patient to receive a diagnosis that he or she has colon cancer A. A (Quantitative) B. B (Qualitative)

B. B (Qualitative)

Among patients undergoing abdominal surgery, does a relaxation intervention reduce pain levels? "Pain levels" is A. IV (independent variable) B. DV (dependent variable) C. Confounding

B. DV (dependent variable)

Among nurses on medical-surgical units, are lower amounts of daily sleep associated with a higher incidence of medication errors? what are medication errors... A. Independent variable B. Dependent variable C. Confounding variable

B. Dependent variable

An especially important goal for the nursing profession is to do which of the following? A. Conduct research to understand the context of ng practice B. Establish a solid base of evidence for practice via research C. Document the role nursing serves in society D. Establish research priorities

B. Establish a solid base of evidence for practice via research

An ICU nurse is proposing an evidence-based practice project to a group of fellow nurses. The nurse is explaining the evidence-based practice process. Which of the following is the last step of the evidence- based practice process for individual evidence-based practice efforts? A. Searching for and acquiring relevant research evidence B. Evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention. C. Appraising and synthesizing the evidence D. Applying evidence, integrated with other factors such as client preferences, to clinical practice E. Asking a clinical question that can be answered with research evidence

B. Evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention

In the PICO acronym, the "O" component of clinical questions stands for Observation. A. True B. False

B. False

Nurses have fully achieved and EBP, decisions are almost always based on solid research findings. A. True B. False

B. False

The central purpose of a research critique is to identify flaws in a study A. True B. False

B. False

Which of the following would be asked as part of appraising research evidence? A. What are the P,I, and O components? B. How rigorous and reliable is the evidence? C. What type of trigger should I use D. Is a relevant systematic review available

B. How rigorous and reliable is the evidence?

Which of the following represents the researcher's prediction about relationships between study variables? A. Research question B. Hypotheses C. Conceptual definitions D. Study design

B. Hypotheses

In terms of the PICO framework for asking well-worded questions in an evidence search, an independent variable in a quantitative study corresponds to which component? A. P B. I C. C D. O

B. I

A nurse begins an evidence-based practice (EBP) endeavor with the following question: "Is massage therapy more effective than music therapy in reducing agitation in nursing home residents with dementia?" In this question, which of the PICO components is massage therapy? A. Outcome B. Intervention or influence C. Population D. Comparison

B. Intervention or influence

"Baccalaureate degree-prepared nurses practice more rehabilitative nursing measures on a client in an ICU than associate degree-prepared nurses" In the above study hypothesis, what is the dependent variable? A. Baccalaureate degree-prepared nurses B. Rehabilitative nursing measures C. Type of educational background of nurses D. Associate degree-prepared nurses

B. Rehabilitative nursing measures

Most evidence hierarchies put which of the following at the pinnacle? A. Randomized clinical trials (RCTS) B. Systematic reviews of multiple studies C. Quality improvement projects D. It depends on the research

B. Systematic reviews of multiple studies

Felluga et al. (2016) study reported that anxiety levels were significantly lower than the clown group than in the intervention group at a 0.01 level. A. The finding are probably occurred as a fluke (luck). B. The finding are probably true and replicable C. In 99 times out of 100, similar results would be obtained with a new sample

B. The finding are probably true and replicable C. In 99 times out of 100, similar results would be obtained with a new sample

Alicia, a nurse student, is trying to describe clinical practice guidelines to one of her peers. Which of the following statements by Alicia best describes clinical practice guidelines? A. They are designed to offer suggestions for areas in which more research is needed B. They offer a set of recommendations for a specific area of practice based on a distillation of available evidence C. They provide general recommendations for evidence-based decision-making D. They are universally useful, regardless of context or country of adoption

B. They offer a set of recommendations for a specific area of practice based on a distillation of available evidence

"Is the quality of life of nursing home residents affected by their functional ability". The independent variable is? A. quality of life B. functional ability C. Hearing acuity D. Residence in a nursing home

B. functional ability

Pts who coughed were significantly more likely to have dislodgement of NGT than who did not A. Introduction B Method Section C Results section D. Discussion

C Results section

(I) (what is the intervention) Does taking antidepressants affect suicide risk in cognitively impaired adolescents? A. Adolescence B. Suicide C. Antidepressant use D. Cognitive impairment

C. Antidepressant use

The statement "the results of this study are statistically significant" means which of the following regarding the findings A. Passed a t-test B. Are the strength of the study C. Are probably true and replicable

C. Are probably true and replicable

In a study that test effect of clown therapy on pain level among children's undergoing painful procedure, the researcher excluded children who received sedatives or tranquilizers in this study. "receiving sedatives or tranquillizers" is: A. Independent variable B. Dependent variable C. Confounding variable

C. Confounding variable

According to Melnyk's articlem, what are steps Zero & six of Evidence-Based Practice? A. Ask a clinical questions & evaluate the outcome B. Formulate a clincal question and disseminate the EBP result C. Encourage a spirit of inquiry & disseminate the EBP results D. Acquire the evidence and evaluate the outcome

C. Encourage a spirit of inquiry & disseminate the EBP results

A nurse begins an evidence-based practice (EBP) endeavor with the following question: "Does alcohol hand sanitizer reduce microbial counts on nurses' hands in surgical ICUs?" In this question, which of the PICO components is hand sanitizer? A. Outcome B. Comparison C. Intervention or influence D. Population

C. Intervention or influence

"What's the effect of noise levels on postop pain and BP fluctuations in ICU patients?" the independent variable is A, Blood pressure B. ICU patients C. Noise levels D. Postoperative patients

C. Noise levels

Evidence-based nursing primarily uses which of the following to answer clinical questions? A. Consulting an authority B Using intuition C. Obtaining the newest research D. Relying on experience

C. Obtaining the newest research

If lack of knowledge and training about EBP on the part of the staff nurses is a barrier, which would be a facilitator you could use? A. Provide release time during scheduled workdays or pay staff to attend activities during schedule d time off. B. Hold monthly workshops on EBP and use additional online resources for continued knowledge and skill. C. Offer credits for attending t raining workshops and include use of EBP on annual evaluations. D. Introduce the proposed change for a buy-in from the nursing staff by soliciting their input and allowing them to voice their concerns.

C. Offer credits for attending training workshops and include use of EBP on annual evaluations. D. Introduce the proposed change for a buy-in from the nursing staff by soliciting their input and allowing them to voice their concerns.

Asking a clinical question is the first step in EBP. What are the four components of a PICO Question? A. Population, implication, comparison, outcome B. Population, intervention, clinical, outcome C. Population, intervention, comparison, outcome D. Population, implication, clinical, outcome

C. Population, intervention, comparison, outcome

"Is the quality of life of nursing home residents affected by their functional ability or hearing acuity?" In the above research question, what is the dependent variable? A. Nursing home residents B. Hearing acuity C. Quality of life D. Functional ability

C. Quality of life

An objective assessment of a research study's strengths and limitations A. Evidenced-based practice B. Peer review process C. Research critique D. Literature review

C. Research critique

Which term do quantitative researchers use when referring to people who participate in a study? A. Study investigators B. Study researchers C. Study participants D. Study volunteers

C. Study participants

During which phase of a quantitative study does the researcher make decisions regarding how many study participants are needed and how they would be recruited? A. The analytic phase B. The conceptual phase C. The design and planning phase D. The empirical phase

C. The design and planning phase

If lack of professional recognition for the effort and persistence needed to sustain EBP is a barrier, which would be a facilitator you could use? A. Provide release time during scheduled workdays or pay staff to attend activities s during scheduled time off. B .Offer credits for attending training workshops and include use of EBP on annual evaluations. C. Use posters of EBP projects in the hospital lobby to recognize the EBP achievements of nurses. D. Introduce the proposed change to obtain buy-in from the nursing staff by soliciting their input and allowing them to voice their concerns.

C. Use posters of EBP projects in the hospital lobby to recognize the EBP achievements of nurses.

In the United States, research has come to play an important role for the nursing profession with respect to: A. providing opportunities to serve on important government policy-making boards. B. strengthening nurses' bargaining power. C. credentialing and improving nurses' status. D. supporting better avenues for advanced degrees.

C. credentialing and improving nurses' status.

-(causal) relationship (e.g., cigarette smoking and lung cancer). "Cause probing study"

Cause-and-effect

Studies that investigate a causes and effect relationship

Cause-probing studies

extraneous variables whose presence affects the variables being studied so that the results you get do not reflect the actual relationship between the variables under investigation.

Confounding variables

The statement "the results of this study are statistically significant" means? A. Passed a chi test B. Are clinically important C. Are the strength of the study D Are probably true and replicable

D Are probably true and replicable

Researcher compared M&F stress level after surgery made sure groups were comp. regard to LHS A. Independent variable B Dependent variable C Mediating variable D Confounding variable

D Confounding variable

"Results may have been influenced by the patients' desire to please the researcher" would appear A. Introduction B. Method section C. Results section D. Discussion

D. Discussion

If resistance to change is a barrier, which would be a facilitator you could use? A. Provide release time during scheduled workdays or pay staff to attend activities during schedule d time off. B. Hold monthly workshops on EBP and use additional online resources for continued knowledge and skill. C .Offer credits for attending t raining workshops and include use of EBP on annual evaluations. D .Introduce the proposed change for a buy-in from the nursing staff by soliciting their input and allowing them to voice their concerns.

D. Introduce the proposed change for a buy-in from the nursing staff by soliciting their input and allowing them to voice their concerns.

Which of the following level of evidence includes systematic review of multiple stuide? A. Level IV B. Level III C. Level II D. Level I

D. Level I

Developing a strong base of evidence for nursing practice aims to best serve A. Health care policymakers B. Nursing administrators C. Practicing nurses D. Nurses' clients

D. Nurses' clients

A nurse begins an evidence-based practice (EBP) endeavor with the following question: "Does alternating pressure air mattresses reduce the incidence of pressure ulcers among ICU clients?" In this question, which of the PICO components is the "incidence of pressure ulcers"? A. Population B. Comparison C. Intervention or influence D. Outcome

D. Outcome

(P) (What is the population) Do stress and depression affect dyspnea in patients with COPD A. Patients who are stressed B. Patients who are depressed C. Patients who experience dyspnea D. Patients with COPD

D. Patients with COPD

If lack of time to participate in activities to promote EBP is a barrier, which would be a facilitator you could use? A.Hold monthly workshops on EBP and use additional online resources for continued knowledge and skill. B.Use posters of EBP projects in the hospital lobby to recognize the EBP achievements of nurses. C.Offer credits for attending training workshops and include use of EBP on annual evaluations. D.Provide release time during scheduled workdays or pay staff to attend activities during scheduled time off.

D. Provide release time during scheduled workdays or pay staff to attend activities during scheduled time off.

Consumers do which of the following? A. Design studies B Undertakes studies C. Produce research D. Read research

D. Read research

Which of the following describes what consumers of research do as part of their role in nursing research? A. Design studies B. Undertake studies. C. Produce research D. Read research

D. Read research

Which of the following type of evidence source is at the pinnacle of evidence hierarchies regardless of the type of the clinical question? A. In-depth qualitative studies B. It depends on the nature of the question being asked C. Randomized controlled trials D. Systematic reviews

D. Systematic reviews

When a research report undergoes a "blind" review for a journal, it means: A. the journal editors do not know who submitted the report B The author do not know who the editor of the journal is C. The report is published without indicating authorities' names D. The reviewer are not told who the authors are

D. The reviewer are not told who the authors are

(C) (What is the comparison) Does chronic stress affect inflammatory responses in older men with atherosclerotic disease A. Chronic stress B, Inflammatory response C. Atherosclerotic disease D. There is no "C" component

D. There is no "C" component

Which of the following is an accurate description of the purpose of an evidence hierarchy? A. To guide researchers in selecting a research design B. To promote the creation of systematic reviews C. To provide an incentive structure for those undertaking research D. To rank order evidence according to the strength of evidence provided

D. To rank order evidence according to the strength of evidence provided

Which of the following is an example of a clinical nursing research question that a nurse might ask? A. In what ways do nursing students benefit from a course on evidence-based practice? B. What is the appropriate course of action when a nurse is faced with a moral dilemma? C. What percentage of nurses has a master's or doctorate degree? D. What factors influence clients' weight gain following a smoking cessation intervention?

D. What factors influence clients' weight gain following a smoking cessation intervention?

Paulson-Conger and colleagues evaluated two methods of assessing pain in nonverbal critical care patients

Diagnosis/Assessment

Rowie and co-researchers studied whether parents' methods of regulating their children's emotions were associated with children's levels of anxiety and depression

Etiology/Cause/Harm

Ranks evidence sources based on strength's of evidence it provides

Hierarchy of evidence

Roles of BSN

Identify clinical problems understand EBP Process understand and follow research protocols data collection, implementing research findings

Wilkes and colleagues studied the meaning of impending fatherhood among prospective adolescent fathers

Meaning/Process

refers to the probability that the study findings are spurious.

P value

Jalowiec and colleagues studied the prognosis of heart transplant recipients who had a sex mismatched heart, compared to those with sex-same heart.

Prognosis

Researchers wants to investigate the effect of pts body position of Bp. The study would most likely be of which type A. Qualitative B. Quantitative C. Either quantitative or qualitative (researcher preference) D. insufficient information to determine

Quantitative

What are the components of EBP?

Research evidence and evidence based theories Patient needs preferences and values clinical expertise

Strongest, most reliable design. Strongest study

Systematic review of a randomized controlled trial

Hendrix and colleagues tested the effectiveness oof an individualized caregiver intervention on caregiver's psychological well-being and cancer patients' physical symptoms

Therapy/intervention

•Communicates key variables and the population (PICO components).

Title

The purpose of this study was to explore the complex communication needs to hospitalize, patients with cerebral palsy a. Introduction b. Method section c. Results section d. Discussion

a. Introduction

The sample comprised 119 women who underwent total abdominal hysterectomy in a large academic medical center. a. Introduction b. Method section c. Results section d. Discussion

b. Method section

Children of parents in wt. program were significantly less likely to be obese that whose parent weren't in program p=.02 a. Introduction b. Method section c. Results section d. Discussion

c. Results section

The research team's inability to recruit a sufficiently large sample may have contributed to the ambiguous pattern of findings in this study. a. Introduction b. Method section c. Results section d. Discussion

d. Discussion

the presumed effect

dependent variable (O; outcome) (Smoking)(IV) ---> lung cancer (DV)

the presumed cause

independent variable (I; intervention) (Smoking)(IV) ---> lung cancer (DV)

P value of > 0.05 (greater than)

the results are not statistically significant. (Results are more reliable if the p value is smaller (↑ P → ↓ Reliability)

If P value ≤ 0.05 (less than or equal to)

the results are statistically significant (Results are more reliable if the p value is smaller (↑ P → ↓ Reliability)