NUTR Chapter 6 HW

Which of the following are possible reasons people choose a vegetarian lifestyle?

Environmental preservation Ethical concerns Religious beleifs Health benefits

Which of the following cannot be synthesized by humans in sufficient amounts and must be included in the diet?

Essential amino acid

True or false: A fruitarian diet is a healthy way for people to include more nutrients in their diet.

False

True or false: Animal proteins are not considered to be a good source of all nine essential amino acids.

False

True or false: Blood proteins have no influence on body fluid balance.

False

True or false: The "New American Plate" contains fewer plant-based foods compared to the typical American plate.

False

True or false: The risk of death from chronic diseases is higher in vegetarians.

False

True or false: There is very little risk involved in taking amino acids as supplements.

False

True or false: Vegetarian products are currently hard to find.

False

Which type of malnutrition is characterized by edema, mild or moderate weight loss, and fatty liver?

Kwashiorkor

______ is known as "the disease the first child gets when the new child comes."

Kwashiorkor

______ are a plant family with pods that contain a single row of seeds.

Legumes

Which food would NOT be a good source of iron in a vegan diet?

Liver

Which type of protein-calorie malnutrition leads to severe muscle wasting and a "skin and bones" appearance?

Marasmus

Where is DNA located in a cell?

Nucleus

How are nutrition and genetics linked?

Nutrients affect gene expression. Genes influence development of some nutritional diseases. Genes determine nutrient requirements.

Which of the following are good sources of iron in a vegan diet?

Nuts Legumes Whole grains

Which foods could a lactovegetarian choose for breakfast?

Oatmeal with butter and brown sugar Calcium-fortified orange juice Parfait made with yogurt, granola, and blueberries

________ is a major stomach enzyme used for digesting proteins.

Pepsin

______ from plant-based foods help prevent chronic diseases.

Phytochemicals

Which of the following occurs when a person consumes more protein daily than he or she loses?

Positive protein balance

Which nutrient plays a vital role in keeping the body healthy by forming important structures in the body, making up a key part of the blood, helping regulate many body functions, and fueling body cells?

Proteins

True or false: Nutrition influences gene expression.

True

True or false: Plant sources of fat are good for the heart because they are usually high in monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids.

True

True or false: Studies show that the death rates for chronic diseases like cancer and diabetes are lower for vegetarians than for nonvegetarians.

True

True or false: Vitamin B-12 is found primarily in animal foods.

True

True or false: Vitamin C helps with the absorption of iron.

True

In extreme starvation, _____ from muscle tissue start to be converted to glucose, which wastes muscle and produces edema.

amino acids

Sickle cell disease occurs when _____ are out of order on a protein.

amino acids

Most ______ sources of protein provide ample quantities of all nine essential amino acids.

animal

Vitamin B-12 is only found naturally and in abundance in foods of ______ origin.

animal

A(n) ______ amino acid cannot be synthesized by humans in sufficient amounts, or at all, and must be included in the diet.

essential

True or false: The body links amino acids with peptide bonds to form lipids.

false

A ______ primarily eats fruits, nuts, honey, and vegetable oils. People who consume this diet are at risk of nutrient deficiencies, which is why this type of diet is not advised.

fruitarian

Which MyPlate food groups offer rich sources of foods with cancer-fighting antioxidants?

grains vegetables fruits

The selection of vegetarian food options in grocery stores and restaurants

has increased in recent years due to the popularity of vegetarian lifestyles.

Legumes

contain a single row of seeds.

Which of the following is a genetic variation that increases a person's risk for cardiovascular disease?

Altered ability to remove cholesterol from the bloodstream

What is the term used for the building blocks of proteins?

Amino acids

Which of the following elements can be found in amino acids?

Carbon Oxygen Nitrogen Hydrogen

The nucleus is the storage site for ______ in the cell.

DNA

Nadine recently found out through genetic testing that she is a carrier of the BRCA1 gene, which indicates she is at high risk for developing breast and ovarian cancer. If her health insurance company increases her premiums based on this information, they would be in violation of the

Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act.

Which of the following occurs with inadequate consumption of protein?

Immune function is impaired. Blood protein concentration decreases. Edema can develop.

Which of the following are potential health benefits of consuming plant proteins in place of animal sources of protein?

Reduced risk for type 2 diabetes Reduced risk for cardiovascular disease Reduced risk for cancer Lower blood pressure Reduced risk for obesity

People of African descent are more prone to what genetic disease?

Sickle cell anemia

Which of the following meals would be acceptable for a lactoovovegetarian?

Spinach and artichoke lasagna with Alfredo sauce; Italian bread; iced tea Poached eggs; whole-wheat toast with jam; banana; orange juice

How does denaturation of a protein affect its function?

The protein loses its normal biological activity.

Food allergies occur when the immune system perceives a harmless food protein as harmful invader.

True

For dietary advice to be effective, it should be tailored to personal and cultural preferences.

True

Some people choose vegetarian dietary patterns as a way to improve their health.

True

True or false: A protein deficiency usually accompanies a deficiency of calories and nutrients.

True

True or false: Amino acids serve as a source of nitrogen for the human body.

True

True or false: Changing a protein's shape can destroy its ability to function normally.

True

True or false: Due to starvation, amino acids from muscle tissue are converted into glucose. This wastes muscle tissue and can lead to edema.

True

Who has a lower risk of developing cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and many forms of cancer?

Vegetarians

Which of these foods will a vegan eat?

Watermelon Vegetable oil Tofu

What is the best way to obtain all of the essential amino acids?

Whole foods

Many of the proposed anti-cancer effects of foods containing plant protein are through ______ mechanisms.

antioxidant

Phytochemicals have been implicated in prevention of

cancer. cardiovascular disease.

A defective gene that delays cholesterol removal from the bloodstream could increase an individual's risk for

cardiovascular disease.

It is uncommon for intact proteins to be absorbed from the digestive tract except in _____.

infants

Vitamin C helps with the absorption of

iron.

Protein deficiency is rarely an isolated condition and usually accompanies

lack of nutrients. calorie deficiency.

A ______ diet is a modified vegetarian diet that includes dairy products and eggs.

lactoovovegetarian

A ______ dietary pattern is primarily plant-based, but does include dairy products.

lactovegetarian

Victims of the type of protein-calorie malnutrition known as ______ have a "skin and bones" appearance with little or no subcutaneous fat.

marasmus

A ______ protein balance occurs when protein intake exceeds daily protein losses.

positive

The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008

prohibits health insurers from using the results of genetic testing to raise premiums or deny coverage.

Amino acids are the building blocks of

protein

Pepsin is a major stomach enzyme for digesting _____.

protein

The body links amino acids with peptide bonds in order to form

protein

____ is a nutrient that forms important structures in the body, makes up a key part of the blood, helps regulate many body functions, and can fuel body cells. Amino acids join together to form this nutrient.

protein

Choose the eight foods that account for 90% of food-related allergies.

wheat soy milk tree nuts shellfish peanuts fish eggs

Intact proteins are ______ absorbed from the digestive tract.

rarely

Due to the activity of some phytochemicals, foods made from ______ can lower the production of cholesterol by the body.

soybeans

When counseling individuals about nutrition, recommendations should be

tailored to personal and cultural preferences.

The American Institute for Cancer Research promotes the "New American Plate," which suggest that plant-based foods cover _____ of the plate.

two-thirds

A(n) ______ is a "total vegetarian" who eats only plant foods and does not use animal products for any other purposes.

vegan