Nutrient NCLEX Review Questions

A caregiver states that the client eats only about 25% of the food that is offered and is losing weight. The caregiver asks the nurse about feeding the client by a tube into the stomach. Which initial response by the nurse would be appropriate?

"Tube feedings can provide adequate amounts of required nutrients."

The nurse is providing dietary instructions to a client with a diagnosis of ulcerative colitis. The client is prescribed to follow a low residue diet during episodes of diarrhea. Which food should the nurse instruct the client to avoid?

Fresh corn on the cob

The nurse employed in a well-baby clinic is reinforcing nutrition instructions to the mother of a 1-month-old infant. Which instruction should the nurse provide the mother?

Offer breast milk or formula as the main food

The nurse needs to increase the calcium in the diet of a client who is lactose intolerant. Which food items should the nurse encourage?

Tofu, Broccoli, Sardines, Mustard greens

The nurse is preparing to administer an intermittent tube feeding to a client. The nurse aspirates and is unable to obtain any residual tube feeding. Which action should the nurse take next?

Turn the client to the side and attempt to aspirate again.

An abdominal postoperative client has been tolerating a full liquid diet, and the nurse plans to advance the diet to solid food as prescribed. The nurse collects data regarding which important item before advancing the diet to solids?

Dentition and ability to chew

The nurse has given dietary instructions to a client to minimize the risk of osteoporosis. The nurse determines that the client understands the recommended changes if the client verbalizes the intention to increase intake of which foods?

Yogurt, Cottage Cheese

The nurse is reinforcing diet teaching for a client on a low-sodium diet for hypertension. The nurse determines that there is a need for further teaching when the client makes which statement?

"Canned foods are inexpensive and are good to use on a low-sodium diet."

The nurse has completed diet teaching for a client who has been prescribed a low-sodium diet to treat hypertension. The nurse determines that there is a need for further teaching when the client makes which statement?

"Fresh foods such as fruits and vegetables are high in sodium."

The mother of an infant newly diagnosed with cystic fibrosis is being taught proper nutritional needs for the infant. The nurse determines that the mother understands nutritional needs when the mother gives which response?

"I know I need to monitor my infant's stools, and if there are more than four stools a day, I will increase the pancreatic enzyme."

A client in a long-term care facility is being prepared to be discharged to home in 2 days. The client has been eating a regular diet for a week, yet is still receiving intermittent enteral tube feedings and will need to receive these feedings at home. The client states concern about not being able to continue the tube feedings at home with family caregivers. Which nursing response would be appropriate at this time?

"Tell me more about your concerns with your feedings after going home."

The nurse who is assisting in a weight loss program prepares to monitor a client's weight. The client receives education about caloric intake and weight reduction. In order to lose 2 pounds per week the caloric intake should be decreased by how many calories per day?

1000 calories

A client is receiving an enteral feeding that delivers 1.5 calories/mL. The feeding is infusing at 30 mL/hr via a feeding pump. What is the maximal amount of calories the client should receive in an 8-hour period if the tube feeding is not interrupted?

360 Calories

The nurse is preparing to administer a continuous tube feeding to a client with a nasogastric tube. The primary health care provider has prescribed an amount of 100 mL/hr. The tube feeding setup is an open system, a bag that has formula added at intervals. How much formula should the nurse plan to add to fill the feeding bag?

400 mL of formula

The nurse is reinforcing instructions to a client regarding how to decrease the intake of phosphorus in the diet. The nurse should tell the client that which food items are allowed with few restrictions in a phosphorus-restricted diet?

Apples, White bread, Egg whites

The nurse reviews a client's serum sodium level and notes that the level is 150 mEq/L (150 mmol/L). The primary health care provider prescribes dietary instructions for the client based on the sodium level. Which food items should the nurse instruct the client to avoid?

Bacon, Salami, Processed oat cereals

The nurse reinforces instructions regarding diet for a client at risk for hypokalemia. The nurse determines there is a need for further teaching when the client selects which foods as sources high in potassium?

Bread and butter, Carrots and peas, Peppers and onions

A postoperative client has been placed on a clear liquid diet. Which items is the client allowed to consume?

Broth, Coffee, Gelatin

The nurse is asked to assist with preparing a client who will be receiving a continuous total parenteral nutrition (TPN) solution via a central line. The nurse plans to institute which interventions for this client related to the TPN?

Central line dressing changes per protocol, Blood glucose monitoring around the clock, Using an electronic infusion pump with the infusion, Reviewing prescribed blood laboratory values including electrolytes

A child with leukemia is experiencing nausea related to medication therapy. The nurse, concerned about the child's nutritional status, should offer which items during an episode of nausea?

Cool, clear liquids

A client who has calcium phosphate kidney stones tells the nurse, "Tell me what I can do, so that I never have this pain again." Which instructions should the nurse plan to include in the reinforcement of dietary instructions?

Decrease sodium intake, Limit the intake of whole grains, Limit protein to 5 to 7 servings per week

The nurse is preparing to administer an intermittent tube feeding to a client. The nurse aspirates 90 mL of residual from the tube. What should the nurse do?

Document the amount of residual, Reinstill the residual and administer the feeding, Deduct the amount of the residual from the new feeding before administering

The nurse is assigned to assist in caring for a client who is receiving parenteral nutrition with fat emulsion. The nurse is instructed to monitor the client for signs of fat overload. The nurse monitors for which signs and symptoms of this complication?

Fever and pruritic urticaria

The nurse is reinforcing dietary instructions to a client with tuberculosis who has lost weight. The nurse reinforces instructions for the client to increase intake of protein and vitamin C. The nurse determines that teaching has been effective when the client selects which food items in the daily diet?

Hamburger and oranges

A 17-year-old pregnant client is being seen at the obstetric clinic. The nurse is reviewing the following laboratory results, which were obtained 2 hours after breakfast: hemoglobin 10 g/dL (100 mmol/L), sodium 140 mEq (140 mmol/L), glucose 110 mg/dL (6 mmol/L), potassium 4.1 mEq (4.1 mmol/L). Which dietary instruction should the nurse reinforce for this client?

Increase the amount of red meats

A client who has recently been started on enteral feedings begins to complain of abdominal cramping, followed by passage of two liquid stools. The nurse notes that the client has abdominal distention as well. The nurse reviews the nutritional content on the label of the can to see if it contains which ingredient?

Lactose

A newly pregnant client is asking how to prevent neural-tube birth defects. The nurse reinforces which food choices to include in the diet?

Milk, Oranges, Broccoli, Grapefruit

The nurse is instructing a client with osteomalacia about appropriate food items to include in the diet. Which food items should be included in the client's diet?

Milk, Wild caught salmon

The nurse is reinforcing instructions to a client on how to decrease the intake of potassium in the diet. The nurse determines the need for further teaching if the client selects which foods to include in the diet?

Potatoes, Avocados, Salt substitute

A client is recovering from abdominal surgery and has a large abdominal wound. The nurse encourages the client to eat foods from which nutrient categories to promote wound healing?

Protein, Vitamin C

A client has a serum sodium level of 151 mEq/L (151 mmol/L), and the nurse reinforces dietary teaching about the types of foods to avoid. The nurse determines that there is a need for further teaching if the client states that which food choices are good?

Sauerkraut, American cheese

A client receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) asks the nurse if he has developed diabetes when the capillary blood glucose level is monitored and he is given insulin. The nurse explains that which is the reason for monitoring glucose levels and administering insulin?

TPN contains concentrated carbohydrates and raises blood glucose.

The nurse is developing a nutritional plan for an assigned client. Which is the most critical piece of data to collect before formulating the plan?

The presence of food allergies

A client is receiving total parenteral nutrition and has been NPO. The primary health care provider (PHCP) prescribed small amounts of clear liquids today. The nurse's priority is to collect data regarding which criterion before giving the client anything by mouth?

The presence of the swallow reflex

A client has been diagnosed with pernicious anemia. In planning care for the client, the nurse anticipates that the client will be treated with which vitamin or mineral?

Vitamin B12

The nurse is reinforcing instructions to a client about complete/high quality protein foods. Which food choices would indicate the client understood the teaching?

Eggs, Chicken

The nurse instructs a client at risk for hypokalemia from thiazide diuretic therapy about foods that are high in potassium. The nurse determines that there is a need for further teaching if the client states that which foods are high in potassium and should be included in the diet plan?

Eggs, White bread with butter

A client has a prescription to take sodium polystyrene sulfonate for several days. The client also needs to make some dietary changes. Which foods should the client avoid?

Cabbage, Mushrooms, Strawberries

A client states that he has removed all dairy foods from his diet because he is lactose intolerant. The nurse plans care for the client knowing which information?

Calcium and protein are valuable nutrients and need to be supplemented in some form

A client with a burn injury is transferred to the nursing unit, and a regular diet has been prescribed. The nurse encourages the client to eat which dietary items to promote wound healing?

Chicken breast, broccoli, strawberries, and milk

The nurse is caring for a client following a total hip replacement. The client has been diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia. The nurse instructs the client to increase intake of which foods?

Clams and mussels, Lean beef and chicken liver

A client has a diagnosis of hyperphosphatemia. The nurse reinforces instructions by telling the client to eliminate which items from the diet?

Fish, Chicken

A client with hypertension has been prescribed a low-sodium diet. The nurse reinforcing instructions about foods that are allowed should include which foods in a list provided to the client

Fresh Tomato, Summer squash

A client receiving enteral feedings develops abdominal distention and diarrhea shortly after initiation of the feedings. Which is the appropriate intervention for the nurse to implement?

Notify the primary health care provider (PHCP) of the client's signs and symptoms.

The nurse teaches the family of an infant with spina bifida that the infant should not be given which baby foods that may trigger a latex-type food allergy?

Kiwi, Bananas, Avocados

The nurse has conducted dietary teaching with the client diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia. The nurse determines that the client understands the information if the client states the intention to increase intake of which foods?

Oysters, Spinach, Kidney beans

The nurse reinforces dietary instructions to a client at risk for hypokalemia about the foods high in potassium that should be included in the daily diet. The nurse determines the client has understood if the client plans to include which foods in the diet?

Raisins, Kiwifruit, Bananas

A client is admitted to a long-term care facility with the diagnosis of weight loss secondary to anorexia. The primary health care provider inserts a nasogastric tube and prescribes a tube feeding of a standard formula feeding to run at 50 mL/hr. The nurse plans care, knowing that which is true regarding enteral feedings?

Enteral feedings require the normal digestive capabilities of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.

The nurse caring for a client with a neurological disorder is assisting in planning care to maintain nutritional status. The client has had a swallowing study done that shows the client is at risk for aspiration and is able to feed self. The nurse should review which interventions with the unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP)?

Add the prescribed thickener to liquids, Observe client for episodes of coughing or choking