nutrition

Long telomeres are associated with ______. Check all that apply.

having a healthy BMI exercising regularly

People can reduce their risk of _____ by eating bok choy.

scurvy

In the United States, older adults tend to consume diets that ______. Check all that apply.

supply excess sodium contain inadequate amounts of vitamins A, C, and fiber

Click and drag each food in the left-hand column to indicate whether or not it represents a high- or low-sodium food.

high sodium: deli meat, canned soup, cheese low sodium: brown rice, pears, asparagus

According to the physical activity pyramid that is shown in Chapter 11, which of the following activities is considered to be an "activity of daily living"? Check all that apply.

raking leaves mowing the lawn walking the dog

A farmer wants to use integrated pest management techniques to raise organic corn and soybeans. Based on this information, the farmer will ______.

release predatory wasps that kill beetles, which eat the corn and soybeans that grow in his fields

Petros recently got a pet turtle. He should wash his hands thoroughly after handling the turtle because the reptiles are potential carriers of _______.

salmonella

Sharon's fat distribution pattern is "apple-shaped," because she stores extra body fat in the abdominal area. Lanisa's fat distribution pattern is "pear-shaped," because she stores extra body fat below the waist, primarily in her buttocks and thighs. Based on this information which statement is true?

sharon has a much higher risk of chronic disease because of her fat distribution pattern

In the United States, the FDA has banned the use of supplements that contain ______.

ephedrine

It is not possible to directly measure the percentage of fat in a living person's body. You can, however, measure a person's percent body fat indirectly. All of the following are indirect methods for measuring body fat, EXCEPT _______.

height/ weight table

Basal metabolism includes which of the following physiological activities? Check all that apply.

maintaining liver function circulating blood breathing moving skeletal muscles absorbing and processing nutrients

People who are obese are at risk of developing which of the following conditions? Check all that apply.

osteoarthritis diabetes skin cancer high blood pressure sleep apnea cardiovascular disease

Marissa's BMI is 26.9. According to this information, Marissa is in the ________ BMI range.

overweight

Click and drag each mineral element in the left-hand column to indicate whether or not it is a trace mineral, a major mineral, or a possible essential mineral.

trace mineral: zinc, iron, copper possible essential mineral: boron, nickel, arsenic Major Mineral: calcium, sodium, potassium

Devorah is a 3-year-old child whose BMI-for-age is in the 70th percentile. According to this information, her weight is in "desirable weight" range.

true

You should never cook foods on a charcoal grill or a camp stove that is inside a house or other dwelling.

true

Determine whether the label scenario's comparison contributes to an increased or decreased basal metabolism by dragging the situation to its appropriate classification category.

Decreased basal metabolism: having more fat vs. more lean body mass, being female vs. male, being 5'3 tall and weighing 142 lbs vs. being 5'10 and weighing 160lbs increased basal metabolism: being pregnant vs. not pregnant, having a fever vs. being well

Sam has consumed a "Paleolithic" diet for the past 9 months. He uses pink Himalayan salt that does not have added iodine when preparing his meals. Sam's doctor diagnosed him with lower than normal iodine blood levels. Which of the following actions can Sam take to increase his iodine intake?

Eat more seafood and saltwater fish Use table salt fortified with iodine

The "Check Your Steps" program has four simple rules for food safety. All of the following are part of the "Check Your Steps" program EXCEPT ______.

dry

All of the following are simple actions you can take to follow the "Check Your Steps" program EXCEPT ______.

expose raw meat and poultry to sunlight before cooking it

Mason is 75 years old. To improve his aerobic capacity, he should take ergogenic aids that contain creatine, calcium pyruvate, and various B vitamins.

false

Karl is 54 years old. He notices that now he cannot eat as much as he did when he was in his 30s without gaining weight. Why is this?

for every decade past the age of 20, a males basal metabolism declines by 3% per decade due to the steady decrease of lean body mass

Andrea is training for a half-marathon. She trains for 100 minutes on most days of the week. To maintain her weight while training (130 pounds), Andrea should consume at least _______ kilocalories/day. (Amounts will be approximations.)

2655 to 2950 Female athletes who train or compete aerobically for more than 90 minutes daily need at least 45 to 50 kcal/kg/day to support their energy needs and maintain their weight. 130 pounds divided by 2.2 pounds per kg is about 59 kg. 59 kg × 45 kcal/kg/day is 2655 kcal; 59 kg × 50 kcal/kg/day is 2950 kcal.

William weighs 220 pounds and his height is 5' 10". Calculate his BMI using the simple formula: weight in pounds divided by height in inches squared × 703.

31.56

1. Devon has just started the workout regimen and is incorporating short periods of physical activity into his daily routine. Based on this information, Devon is currently engaged in the ________ stage of his fitness plan. 2. Although Devon begins his exercise program with 10 minutes of moderate-intensity types of physical activities 3 days a week, which of the following workout regimens should he achieve before moving on to the next stage of his fitness plan? 3. Along with Devon's regular aerobic exercise routine, he is also doing some resistance training with 10-pound handheld weights to increase his upper arm strength. Devon will be ready to increase the weight he lifts when he can do more than _______ repetitions with ease.

1. initiation 2.150 minutes of moderate intensity activity per week 3.15

Rochelle is 20 years of age and weighs 125 pounds. Use the "rule of thumb" formula to estimate her daily energy needs (kcal) for basal metabolism.

125 pounds divided by 2.2 kg per pound =57kg women 0.9kcal/kg so 0.9 x 57kg =51kcal per hour 51kcal x 24hrs/day = 1,224kcal

Put the steps of glucose metabolism using the lactic acid energy system in order as they occur in human cells.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Put the caffeinated beverages in order from lowest caffeine content (1) to highest caffeine content (3) per given serving size.

1. 12 oz can of cola 2. 8oz cup, brewed, black tea 3. 8oz cup, brewed coffee

Plain pretzels are a high-fat, carbohydrate-rich snack.

FALSE

Which of the following federal agencies enforces food safety laws for domestic and imported meat and poultry products?

Food Safety and Inspection Service

As one grow older and nears the end of life, it is normal for that person's body to undergo many changes that are associated with the aging process. Consider each of the following physiological conditions and check all of those that are associated with the normal aging process.

Increased bruising Increased blood clotting Reduced lung capacity

Which of the following statements is true?

Leanne was born in 1997; her life span is the same as her grandmother's grandmother who was born in 1902.

Cases of childhood obesity are often accompanied by numerous chronic physiological and psychological problems. Select all of the health problems that are more likely to affect an obese child than a child whose weight is in the healthy BMI-for-age range.

Type 2 diabetes Hip and knee pain High blood pressure Sleep apnea

A personal fitness plan should include exercise variety, balance, and moderation. Determine whether each scenario is approaching exercise from the perspective of variety, balance, or moderation.

Variety:

The Dietary Guidelines have identified nutrients of public health concern. Which of the following minerals are classified as a nutrient of public health concern? Check all that apply.

calcium potassium

When food cooks on a charcoal grill or camp stove in an enclosed area, the grill or stove releases fumes that contain ______.

carbon monoxide

At an outdoor picnic, it is advisable to avoid all of the following foods EXCEPT the _______.

chilled egg salad that is in a covered, metal bowl kept in a shallow container filled with ice

Stephan ate a stale doughnut that had a warm custard filling. About an hour after eating the doughnut, he became very ill with nausea, abdominal cramps, vomiting, and diarrhea. Which of the following microbes was most likely responsible for his illness?

Staphyloccocus aureus

Bok choy is a _______.

cruciferous vegetable

During her current pregnancy, Sari has been extra careful to avoid foods that can cause food-borne illness. Even though she loves Greek salad, she now avoids ordering it at restaurants because the salad may contain feta cheese that has not been pasteurized. Why should pregnant women avoid unpasteurized cheeses?

Unpasteurized cheese can contain Listeria monocytogenes that can cross the placental barrier and cause listeriosis and spontaneous abortion or stillbirth.

To ensure they are consuming enough water daily, young adults should follow the Adequate Intake for water recommendation of (1) cups for young men and (2) cups for young women. Total water intake refers to the water ingested by consuming (3). Most solid foods also contain some water; vegetable oil, margarine and bread are foods that have a (4) percentage of water content by weight, and an apple, lettuce and watermelon are examples of a food that have a (5) percentage of water content by weight.

1. 15.5 2.11 3.beverages and foods 4.low 5. high

The mineral nutrients are classified into three categories: major, trace, and (1) . A major mineral is needed by the body in amounts that are (2). The body requires trace minerals in amounts that are (3). An example of a major mineral is (4); an example of a trace mineral is iron; a mineral nutrient that is not classified as either major or trace is (5).

1.possible essential 2. 100 mg or more per day 3. less than 100 mg per day 4. sodium 5. arsenic

1. During pregnancy, the elevated blood volume causes water to shift out of the bloodstream and into the space between the cells. This leads to edema. 2. Tears keep the eyes moist. 3. Drinking too much alcohol can contribute to dehydration and headaches because alcohol is a diuretic. 4. Exercising in warm conditions causes your body to overheat and then cool itself by perspiring.

1. Water is a part of intracellular and extracellular fluid. 2. Water helps form lubricants that protect certain body parts. 3.Water helps remove waste products. 4.Water contributes to body temperature regulation.

In fermentation, (1) break down certain nutrients producing acids, gases, and alcohol. Kimchi is a Korean food that is often made with (2) , cucumbers, or radishes. Kimchi is one of many foods made by fermentation, including (3) and beer.

1. bacteria 2.cabbages 3. yogurt

Unpasteurized or raw milk should not be fed to children as it may be contaminated with (1). Avoid introduction of honey until age one because honey may contain (2). When preparing foods for infants older than 6 months, candy, whole nuts, coarsely cut meats, raw carrots, popcorn, and peanut butter should be avoided as they can cause (3).. Placing semisolid baby cereal in a baby bottle that has the nipple opening enlarged contributes to (4).

1. bacteria and viruses 2.Clostridium botulinum spores 3.choking 4.overfeeding

Put the types of energy expenditure in order of the greatest contribution (1) to the least contribution (4) for most people.

1. basal metabolism 2. physical activity 3. thermic effect of food 4. nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT)

Foods contain varying amounts of water. Put the foods in order of their water content by weight from least (1) to most (5) water-containing.

1. stick margine 2.ground beef 3.banana 4. apple 5. tomato

Chino is a 22-year-old man who recently lost 30 pounds by increasing his exercise and eating small, frequent meals. Now that he is in a weight-maintenance phase, his trainer recommends that he exercise for an hour a day, most days of the week, at 64-76% of his maximum heart rate. According to this information, Chino should maintain his pulse during exercise within the range of approximately _______ heartbeats per minute.

127-150 To calculate Chino's maximum heart rate, subtract his age from 220: 220 − 22 = 198. To determine 64-76% of his max heart rate, multiply 198 by 0.64 and 0.76, which is about 127-150 beats per minute.

Before she became pregnant, Hannah's EER was 2500 kcal/day. Now that she has given birth to a healthy baby, she would like to know how many calories she should consume daily to support her body's milk production and enable her to lose some fat she gained during pregnancy. Based on this information, Hannah should consume _____ kcal/day.

2800 to 2900

Your body is made up of lean tissues, also called (1) , and (2) , which is comprised of essential fat and (3). Adipose cells store (4). When you consume extra calories your body doesn't need, the energy can be converted to fat and stored in the adipose cells; as a result, you become fatter because your adipose cells (5). The type of fat that is found in the omentum that is under abdominal muscles and hangs over the intestines is called (6). Excessive amounts of this type of fat may increase risks of (7) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). When the tissue that is under the skin has more adipose cells than other types of cells, it is referred to as (8).

1. fat-free mass 2.total body fat 3.adipose tissue 4. triglycerides 5. increase in size 6. visceral fat 7. type 2 diabetes 8. subcutaneous fat

1. Females have a higher risk of eating disorders than males. 2. _________ is an eating disorder characterized by a severe psychological disturbance and self-imposed starvation. 3. Unlike people who have anorexia nervosa, people with bulimia nervosa are often difficult to identify by their appearance, because they tend to have BMIs in the normal or overweight range. 4. 4. Which condition is characterized by low energy availability, abnormal reproductive system function, and reduced bone mineral density?

1. true 2. anorexia nervosa 3. true 4. athlete triad

Food ingredients that are (1) are not classified as (2). Thus, such substances can be used in food without being tested for safety or getting prior approval from the (3). According to the (4) , food manufacturers cannot add a new compound to food if it causes (5) at any level of intake. The federal government's food regulatory agency cannot ban (6) from foods, even though some of these contaminants may be carcinogenic. The (7) established the safety standard of "a reasonable certainty of no harm" for (8) in foods.

1.Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) 2. food additives 3. FDA 4.Delaney Clause of the Food Additives Amendment 5.cancer 6.unintentional food additives 7. Food Quality Protection Act of 1996 8.pesticide residues

1. The Daily Value for phosphorus is 1250 mg. According to the Nutrition Facts panel on a cereal box, a serving of the cereal provides 10% of the DV for phosphorus. Based on this information, a serving of the cereal provides _____ mg phosphorus.

125

Homemade applesauce is simple to prepare. The first step is to peel and cut up 4 medium-size apples, preferably Jonathan apples. Remove and discard seeds and apple cores. The next step is to place the fruit in a saucepan and add about 1/4 cup of water. Cover the saucepan and cook on medium heat for about 10 minutes. This sauce has no added sugar, so it is suitable to serve to infants. A 1/2 cup serving of the applesauce contributes 6% of the DV for vitamin C. Based on a 2000 kcal diet, the DV for the vitamin is 90 mg. According to this information, a serving of the sauce contains _______ mg vitamin C.

5.4 To calculate the amount of vitamin C, note that a serving of the applesauce supplies 6% of the DV for the vitamin and the DV for vitamin C is 90 mg. Convert 6% to a number by moving the percent symbol two places to the left and replacing it with a decimal point (6% →0.06). Multiply the Daily Value for vitamin C (90 mg) by 0.06 to calculate the amount (5.4 mg).

When women are in their first trimester of pregnancy, they often experience nausea. Which of the following practices are recommended to alleviate nausea associated with pregnancy? Check all that apply.

Eating small, frequent meals and snacks Drinking small amounts of water and eating crackers before getting out of bed

Marlena, a 20-year-old college student, is not feeling well. She has nausea, stomach cramps, coughing spells, a runny nose, a sore throat, vomiting, and diarrhea. Which of her signs and symptoms is not usually associated with most kinds of food-borne illness, especially in adults? Check all that apply.

coughing spells runny nose sore throat

Which of the following behaviors is recommended by registered dietitian nutritionists for successful weight loss? Check all that apply.

eat meals while watching tv plan meals and snacks for each week read food labels to compare the calorie content of foods increase the time you spend walking each day

The use of (1) may improve performance for those who undertake intense activities that are not endurance activities, such as sprinting or weightlifting. Consuming small amounts of (2) can increase mental alertness. Consuming (3) may enhance muscle recovery after intense physical activity. An ergogenic aid that can increase muscular growth, but may also cause bloody liver cysts, hypertension, and aggressive behavior, and has been banned by the National Collegiate Athletic Association is (4).

1. creatine 2.caffeine 3.branched-chain amino acids 4. anabolic steroids

1. Boiling is the most reliable method to make impure water safe to drink. 2. The best example of chemical disinfection of water involves the use of __________. 3. Microstrainer filters remove both bacteria and viruses, making water safe to drink. 4. Bethany is an American college student who plans to spend spring break in a rural African village. Before leaving for Africa, Bethany asks her doctor to recommend a preventive medication for traveler's diarrhea. Based on this information, her physician is likely to recommend a product that contains _______.

1. true 2. iodine tablets 3. false 4. bismuth subsalicylate

1. Jennifer is a 32-year-old female executive who eats a vegetarian diet. She works long hours and often doesn't have enough time to eat. Jennifer has been very feeling tired, and wonders if her iron intake is adequate. She consumes approximately 12 mg of iron per day. How does this compare to Jennifer's RDA for iron? 2. Steve is a 55-year-old male computer analyst. He eats a majority of his meals from fast food restaurants. Steve estimates his sodium intake to be approximately 6500 mg per day. How does Steve's sodium intake compare to the UL for sodium?

1.Jennifer's intake is less than her RDA for iron 2.Steve's intake is more than his UL for sodium.

The Daily Value for calcium is 1300 mg. According to the label on a cereal box, a serving of bran flakes with ½ cup fat-free milk contributes 15% of the DV for calcium. Based on this information, a serving of the cereal and milk provides ____ mg calcium.

195 to calculate the amount of calcium in the serving of cereal and milk, note that the serving supplies 15% of the DV for calcium and the DV for calcium is 1300 mg. Convert 15% to a number by moving the percent symbol two places to the left and replacing it with a decimal point (15% → 0.15). Multiply the Daily Value for calcium (1300 mg) by 0.15 to calculate the amount of calcium (195 mg).

Bernard is a 65-year-old alcoholic who also has type 2 diabetes. A few months ago, he developed muscular weakness, muscle twitches, and lack of appetite. His wife reports that he is more irritable than usual. According to his physician, Bernard's thyroid function and red blood cells are normal. Based on this information, Bernard probably has ______ deficiency.

magnesium

1. During the ________ stage, which follows the first stage, a person should increase the intensity and duration of his or her exercises. This stage usually lasts 5 to 6 months. 2. _________ is an important part of a fitness regimen because it increases the range of motion of joints and muscles and may prevent injury. 3. Jessi wants to incorporate warm-up, aerobic, and resistance exercises that she enjoys performing into a comprehensive weekly exercise program. Based on this information, Jessi should develop a weekly exercise regimen with which group of three activities?

1. improvement 2. warming-up 3. Walking at a low intensity, race-walking, and lifting weights

The (1) or listat can help a person lose weight because it reduces the amount of (2) absorbed by the digestive tract. People who are not successful in losing weight with weight loss medications, and calorie-restricted diets and exercise programs may choose to have (3) surgery. People who are obese that do not want to have surgery can choose to use the AspireAssist® device or (4) placement to lose weight.

1. medication 2. fat 3. bariatric 4.intragastric balloon

1. Ted is overweight. He frequently binges on high calorie foods, but he does not purge. Ted estimates that he eats 70% of his food between 10:00 p.m. and 3:00 a.m. Based on this information, Ted probably has _______. 2. Kristy is a high school student and competitive swimmer. Six months ago, Kristy decreased her calorie intake and increased her daily training time. Now, Kristy is concerned because her menstrual cycles are abnormal. Based on this information, Kristy probably has _______. 3. Allison is an 18-year-old college student who feels caught in a cycle of overeating, followed by calorie-restrictive dieting. Allison frequently consumes large amounts of food and then attempts to purge the excess calories by vomiting. As a result of the purging and episodic dieting, Allison's weight is within the healthy BMI range for her height. Based on this information, Allison probably has _______.

1. night eating syndrome 2. female athlete triad 3. bulimia nervosa

To safely prepare meat, fish, and poultry, a "meat" thermometer should be used to determine the internal temperature. Put the foods in order of highest safe minimum internal temperature (1) to lowest safe minimum internal temperature.

1. poultry 2. hamburger 3. medium rare steak

The act of making your body engage in movement that results from skeletal muscle contraction is called (1). If you plan or structure this activity in order to increase cardiovascular function or muscle mass, it is called (2). Your ability to engage in moderate- to vigorous-intensity activities without becoming excessively fatigued determines your level of (3). The level of exertion you exhibit during an activity is referred to as the (4) of exercise, whereas the time you devote to the activity is its (5). Participating in exercise that involves sustained, rhythmic contractions of large muscle groups is called (6).

1.physical activity 2.exercise 3.physical fitness 4.intensity 5.duration 6.aerobic exercise.