Nutrition & Diet

One gram of protein provides

4 kcal

What is wheat germ a source of?

B vitamins and Vitamin E

Invisible fats can be found in

cake and cookies

Adipose tissue

fat

Fats are essential because they are carriers of

fatty acids

A diet grossly deficient in fats may be deficient to

lipase, linoleic acid, and cholesterol.

Another name for fats and fatlike substances is

lipids

Glycogen is stored in the

liver and muscles

Three groups of lipids found naturally in the human body and in food are triglycerides, phospholipids, and

sterols

The chemical digestion of protein occurs in

the stomach and small intestine

Classification of fatty acids can be determined by

their degree of saturation with hydrogen atoms

A fibrous form of carbohydrate that cannot be digested is _________?

Cellulose

What are disaccharides?

Double sugars, simple sugars

Invisible fats?

Invisible fat refers to fat that cannot be easily seen and is impossible to separate from food, such as butter that has been baked into a cake or the natural oils found in nut butters. A visible fat such as olive oil may be absorbed during cooking and become invisible.

Lipase

Lipase is an enzyme the body uses to break down fats in food so they can be absorbed in the intestines. Lipase is produced in the pancreas, mouth, and stomach.

Lipase- Linoleic acid-

Lipase is an enzyme the body uses to break down fats in food so they can be absorbed in the intestines. Lipase is produced in the pancreas, mouth, and stomach. Linoleic acid is a polyunsaturated omega-6 fatty acid.

Galactose is a product of the digestion of ____?

Milk!

What are polysaccharides?

Multiple sugars, complex carbohydrates

Sterol?

Sterols, also known as steroid alcohols, are a subgroup of the steroids and an important class of organic molecules. They occur naturally in plants, animals, and fungi, with the most familiar type of animal sterol being cholesterol

Complete proteins contain all the essential

amino acids

The building blocks of proteins are

amino acids

Lactose intolerance can be caused by

an inadequate supply lactase

Corn, peas, and beans

are incomplete proteins foods

It is unwise to regularly ingest excessive amounts of protein

because it can cause positive nitrogen balance

For digestion, fats require the help of gastric lipase,

bile, and pancreatic lipase

The primary function of protein is to

build and repair body cells

Dietary fiber

can decrease blood cholesterol

VLDL (very low density lipoprotein)

carries lipids to the cells

Lipoproteins

carry fats to body cells via the blood

Plant foods that contain saturated fats are

corn and soybeans

The process of removing nitrogen from amino acids is called

deamination

Highly processed foods normally

do not contain cellulose

Protein deficiency may result in

edema

Good sources of complete protein foods are

eggs and ground beef

Fats provide the most concentrated form of ____

energy

The substance that helps the liver convert glycogen to glucose is

glucagon

Before carbohydrates can be metabolized by the cells, they must be coverted to

glucose

The only form of carbohydrate that the brain uses for energy is

glucose

The simple sugar to which all forms of carbohydrates are ultimately converted is _______?

glucose

Atherosclerosis is thought to contribute to

heart attacks

Fatty acids are organic compounds of carbon atoms and

hydrogen atoms

When a polyunsaturated vegetable oil is changed to a saturated fat, the process is called

hydrogentation

Glucose is metabolized

in all body cells

Fat alternatives

include Oatrim, olestra, and lecithin

Cholesterol

is a sterol

Glucose metabolism

is controlled mainly by the hormone insulin

Cellulose

is not digestible by humans

HDL (high-density lipoprotein)

is sometimes called the good cholesterol

Cholesterol

is thought to contribute to atherosclerosis

A person's daily protein requirement

may be met by use of complementary proteins

Glucose, fructose, and galactose are what?

monosaccharides

What are the three main groups of carbohydrates?

monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides

Sucrose

must be converted to glucose before it can be absorbed into the bloodstream

Proteins are essential because they are the only nutrient that contains

nitrogen

Once proteins reach the small intestine, chemical digestion continues through the action

pancreatic enzymes

In the stomach, proteins are reduced to

polypeptides

Adipose tissue is useful because it

protects and insulates

Carbohydrates

provide approximately half of the kcal in the US diet

A clinical sign of edema is

puffy, swollen condition

The enzyme in the mouth that begins the digestion of starch is

salivary ptyalin

Starch is

the form in which glucose is stored in plants

Oatrim- Olestra- Lecithin-

Oatrim, enzymatically modified (hydrolyzed) oat flour containing approximately 5% ß-glucan soluble fiber. Olestra (also known by its brand name Olean) is a fat substitute that adds no fat, calories, or cholesterol to products. Lecithin is a generic term to designate any group of yellow-brownish fatty substances occurring in animal and plant tissues, which are amphiphilic - they attract both water and fatty substances,

What are monosaccharides?

Simple sugars/carbohydrates

What do carbohydrates provide?

They provide energy and approximately half the kcal for people living in the US. Carbohydrates are named for the chemical elements they are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. They are divided into 3 groups: monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.

Atherosclerosis

a disease of the arteries characterized by the deposition of plaques of fatty material on their inner walls

Linoleic acid is one of the fatty acids that is known to be

a triglyceride