Nutrition BIO 7-9 Homework Review

Charcoal-broiled meats may be a source of

Heterocyclic amines

Major minerals are

required by the body in amounts of more than 100 mg/day

Which of the following blood pressure values is normal?

114/70mm Hg

In 2013-2014, protein comprised ________% of an adult American's average daily energy intake.

15.6%

The ________ is the primary site for nonessential amino acid production in humans. A) Liver B) Small Intestine C) Pituitary Gland D) Pancreas

A) Liver is the primary site for nonessential amino acid production in humans.

A ________ remains when the nitrogen-containing portion of an amino acid is removed. A) carbon skeleton B) fatty acid C) ribonucleotide D) Dipeptide fragment

A) carbon skeleton is what remains when nitrogen containing portion of an amino acid is removed

Which of the following compounds is a hormone that helps the body maintain fluid balance?

Aldosterone

Which of the following foods is a high-protein snack that can replace a snack that contains animal proteins? A) ½ cup of watermelon chunks B) 8 ounces of soy milk C) 1 ounce of baby carrots D) 6 whole-wheat crackers

B) 8 ounces of soy milk

Buddy is a vegan. Which of the following foods does he eat to supply his diet with protein? A) Eggs B) Quinoa C) Butter D) Fat-free milk

B) Quinoa [The super grain! ]

Of the following foods, which is the best source of essential amino acids? A) Leaf Lettuce B) Sunflower Seeds C) Grape Juice D) Oat Flakes

B) Sunflower seeds

Compared to a triglyceride molecule, a protein molecule ________. A) has three fatty acids attached to glycerol B) has nitrogen in its chemical structure C) provides more energy D) is comprised of glucose units

B). has nitrogen in its chemical structure

Which of the following cooking methods can result in major losses of water-soluble vitamins?

Boiling in a saucepan of water

canned salmon and sardines are a good source of...?

Calcium

Calcitonin function

Decreases blood calcium levels by signaling osteoclasts

Consuming too much protein or excess amino acids can lead or contribute to?

Dehydration

________ is the process that changes the normal shape of a protein and, as a result, the molecule loses its usual functions.

Denaturation

Why is taking excess amounts of fat-soluble vitamins more likely to cause toxicity than taking excesses of water-soluble vitamins?

In general, excesses of fat-soluble vitamins cannot be excreted as easily as water-soluble vitamins.

A scientist is creating a formula diet that supplies all essential nutrients. One of the minerals in her formula has a Recommended Dietary Allowance of 130 mg/day. How should she classify this particular mineral?

Major Mineral

Which of the following substances is usually one of the limiting amino acid in foods, particularly those of plant origin?

Methionine and Tryptophan

________ is added to refined cornmeal during the grain enrichment process.

Thiamin

Lucy has a disease that affects the functioning of her pancreas. Based on this information, she may have difficulty digesting proteins because of a lack of ________.

Trypsin (which is produced in the pancreas but in an inactive form called trypsinogen)

A deficiency of vitamin ________ results in deterioration of epithelial cells.

Vitamin A

What vitamin is needed to form strong collagen?

Vitamin C

On sunny days, Juan spends at least 20 minutes exercising outdoors, because he knows sunlight helps his body make ________.

Vitamin D

Which of the following vitamins can be made by the human body? B-12 Thiamin C D

Vitamin D

Which of the following vitamins have antioxidant activity? E D K B-6

Vitamin E

Why does the human body need vitamin K?

Vitamin K helps form active blood clotting factors

What vitamins are fat soluble?

Vitamins A, D, E, K

What exercise will help increase bone mass?

Waking

A researcher has isolated an organic, water-soluble chemical from roses. After performing in-vivo tests, the scientist determines that the chemical supplies no energy for cells, but protects cell membranes from being damaged by certain environmental factors. Based on this information, the researcher may have discovered a(an) ________.

antioxidant

Jamal wants to lower his risk of cancer. He should ________.

avoid drinking alcohol

Deep yellow, dark green and orange fruits and vegetables are rich sources of ________.

beta-carotene

What are the major minerals?

calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, sodium, chloride, magnesium

The most bioavailable and safest sources of calcium are...?

dairy products

Maris has a metabolic condition that upsets her body's hydration status. Her body has difficulty removing excess sodium ions from intracellular fluid. As a result of this condition, ________.

extracellular fluid moves into her cells, causing them to swell

In the stomach, ________ participate in the chemical digestion of protein.

hydrochloric acid and pepsin

A person suffering from celiac disease must avoid...?

must avoid consuming foods that contain any gluten

Maintenance of normal intracellular fluid volume depends largely on the intracellular concentration of ________ ions.

potassium and phosphate

What food may increase risks of colorectal cancer?

processed meats

Marla is a healthy 30-year-old woman. She doesn't work out, but she consumes protein supplements because she thinks they will increase her muscle mass without the need to exercise. Based on this information, the excess amino acids in her diet will ________.

undergo deamination in her liver deamination: removal of amino acid from another amino acid