Nutrition CH 6

A healthy immune system depends on an adequate supply of which of the following types of proteins?

Antibodies

Which of the following foods is a source of complete proteins?

Chicken breast

Which of the following will NOT denature a protein?

Refrigerating milk

Unless carefully planned, vegan diets may lack which of the following essential nutrients?

Vitamins D and B12 and the minerals calcium and iron

Which one of the following populations is likely to be in negative nitrogen balance?

a 45-year-old adult after surgery

The part of the protein molecule that contains nitrogen is called the __________.

amine group

Limited amounts of surplus amino acids are stored in your body in your __________.

amino acid pools

An acceptable main dish for a lacto-ovo-vegetarian would be __________.

baked ziti with ricotta cheese, spinach, and tomato sauce , stir-fried tofu and vegetables over brown rice & a cheese and broccoli omelet

Excess protein consumed is converted to __________.

body fat

The fate of most digested dietary protein is __________.

circulation in the blood as amino acids

Complete protein is found abundantly in __________.

dairy

The process that destroys the shape and activity of proteins when heat, acid, salts or pressure is applied is known as __________.

denaturation

A key function of protein in the body is __________.

donating or picking up hydrogen ions in the blood

Protein synthesis is regulated by __________.

genes

Proteins play important roles in your body, including to __________.

help you fight the flu aid in digesting the pizza that you ate for lunch transport nutrients through your blood

Proteins that work as messengers to regulate cell activity are called __________.

hormones

What substance denatures protein in the stomach?

hydrochloric acid (HCl)

The role of high-protein diets in several disease states is still unclear, but it is thought that __________ from high-protein diets may contribute to conditions such as osteoporosis and kidney stones.

increased acid

Vegetarian diets are at risk of being deficient in __________.

iron and zinc

An unbalanced diet severely deficient in protein (though often containing carbohydrate-rich foods) can result in __________; edema is a classic symptom.

kwashiorkor

Proteins differ from carbohydrates and lipids in that they contain ___________.

nitrogen

Which of these elements is found in protein but NOT in carbohydrates and lipids?

nitrogen

The body can synthesize __________ from amino acids. The

nonessential proteins

A body that retains more nitrogen than it excretes is in __________.

positive nitrogen balance

The continual process of degrading and synthesizing protein is called __________.

protein turnover

Denaturation of proteins changes their __________.

shape

After enjoying a cheeseburger and a glass of fat-free milk, where does the majority of the chemical digestion of the protein occur?

small intestine

Which of the following is a source of complete protein?

soy milk

Vegetarian diets may reduce risk for __________.

stroke

Kwashiorkor is a type of PEM that develops when __________.

there is a severe deficiency of protein in the diet but an adequate amount of calories

Which of these foods has the LEAST dietary protein?

1 cup of sliced peaches

What happens to the amino acids that are absorbed after the digestive process is complete?

A limited supply of all amino acids remain in amino acid pools in your blood and inside your cells. Some are used to make new proteins and nonprotein products. Some are deaminated, with the nitrogen converted to urea and the carbon-containing remains used to make glucose, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) energy, or stored as fat.

1. This protease, called pepsinogen, is secreted from the gastric cells and converted to its active form by hydrochloric acid. 2. An active protein enzyme in the stomach that begins the chemical digestion of protein is called pepsin. 3. A classification of protein enzymes that break peptide bonds linking amino acids together is referred to as a protease. 4. A protein chain made up of three amino acids joined together by peptide bonds is called tripeptide. 5. A protein chain consisting of 10 to more than 100 amino acids joined together by peptide bonds is called a polypeptide. 6. Dipeptide describes a protein chain made up of two amino acids joined together by a peptide bond. 7. This strong acid, called hydrochloric acid, is produced in the stomach and denatures proteins. 8. Amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds, created when the acid group of one amino acid is joined with the nitrogen-containing amine group of another amino acid through condensation. 9. The process in which a protein's shape is altered, called denaturation, destroys the protein's function without disrupting the peptide bonds.

1. This protease, called pepsinogen, is secreted from the gastric cells and converted to its active form by hydrochloric acid. 2. An active protein enzyme in the stomach that begins the chemical digestion of protein is called pepsin. 3. A classification of protein enzymes that break peptide bonds linking amino acids together is referred to as a protease. 4. A protein chain made up of three amino acids joined together by peptide bonds is called tripeptide. 5. A protein chain consisting of 10 to more than 100 amino acids joined together by peptide bonds is called a polypeptide. 6. Dipeptide describes a protein chain made up of two amino acids joined together by a peptide bond. 7. This strong acid, called hydrochloric acid, is produced in the stomach and denatures proteins. 8. Amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds, created when the acid group of one amino acid is joined with the nitrogen-containing amine group of another amino acid through condensation. 9. The process in which a protein's shape is altered, called denaturation, destroys the protein's function without disrupting the peptide bonds.

According to the current Dietary Reference Intakes, the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for protein is __________ of one's daily calorie intake.

10 to 35 percent

Susan is consuming 70 grams of protein per day on her 2,000-kilocalorie-per-day diet. What percentage of Susan's diet is protein?

14 percent Susan's diet is 14 percent protein: 70 grams of protein × 4 kilocalories per gram = 280 kilocalories. 280 kilocalories ÷ 2,000 kilocalories = 0.14 = 14%

Proteins consist of a chain of some combination of __________ unique amino acids.

20

An 8-ounce glass of low-fat chocolate milk contains 160 calories and 8 grams of protein. What percent of the calories in the milk comes from protein?

20 percent

Charlie is a 22-year-old male non-athlete who weighs 70 kg. How much protein should he consume daily?

56 grams 70 kg x 0.8 = 56 grams

Based on the RDA for protein, a healthy adult who weighs 80 kilograms should consume __________ grams of protein per day.

64 A healthy adult should consume 0.8 gram of protein per kilogram per day, so a person weighing 80 kilograms should consume 64 grams of protein per day. 80 kilograms × 0.8 grams of protein per kilogram = 64 grams

How many amino acids are considered essential to humans?

9