Nutrition Ch 6

Protein complementation is most important for people who are meat eaters. lacto-ovo vegetarians. vegan vegetarians. recovering from surgery.

vegan vegetarians.

A complete dietary protein provides essential amino acids in the proportion need to support protein synthesis. True False

True

Cholesterol is used to make several hormones, including estrogen and testosterone. True Flase

True

Food allergies are triggered when a protein from the diet is absorbed without being completely digested. True False

True

In the mouth, chewing begins the mechanical breakdown of protein. True False

True

Protein from animal products is better quality than protein derived from plants. True False

True

Proteins provide structure to individual cells. True False

True

Protein quality is defined as a measure of how efficiently a protein in the diet can be used to make body proteins. the ratio of nonessential to essential amino acids present in a food. the freshness of meat determined by the biological activity of the actin and myosin filaments. a measure of protein quality determined by comparing the amount of the limiting amino acid in a food with that in a reference protein.

a measure of how efficiently a protein in the diet can be used to make body proteins.

A protein molecule is constructed of one or more folded, chainlike strands of_________. vitamins amino acids fatty acids minerals

amino acids

The basic building blocks of proteins are sterols. glucose molecules. amino acids. ketone bodies.

amino acids.

A diet which provides foods of low protein quality will cause an increase in nitrogen loss in the urine. nitrogen retention in the body. muscle atrophy (increase growth of muscle mass). weight gain.

an increase in nitrogen loss in the urine.

Amino acids that cannot be made by the adult human body are called complete proteins. hydrolyzed proteins. incomplete amino acids. essential amino acids.

essential amino acids.

In the stomach, _________ acid and the enzyme pepsin begin the chemical digestion of protein.

hydrochloric

A(n) ________ bond links one amino acid to the next. peptide ionic disulfide glycosidic

peptide

Many amino acids linked together forms a __________

polypeptide

Which of the following terms can be used to describe a protein? glycogen. starch. polysaccharide. polypeptide.

polypeptide.

Each amino acid consists of a ______ atom bound to four chemical groups: a hydrogen atom, an amino group, an acid group and a side chain. helium fluorine phosphorus carbon

carbon

Protein differs from carbohydrate and lipid in that protein does not provide the body with a source of energy. is not considered to be an essential nutrient. contains the element nitrogen. is classified as an inorganic molecule.

contains the element nitrogen.

The organ where chemical digestion of a protein begins is in the ___________

stomach

The RDA for protein for healthy adults is ____ g/kg of body weight per day. 2.5 4.7 0.6 0.8

0.8

Approximately ________ amino acids are commonly found in proteins.

20

All of the following components are associated with an amino acid except: a side chain (functional group). an acid group. a phosphate group. All of the above are components associated with an amino acid.

All of the above are components associated with an amino acid.

Amino acids are used to make nonprotein molecules that contain phosphorus, such as DNA, RNA, and neurotransmitters. True False

False

An abundant amount of dietary protein is lost in the feces. True False

False

Kwashiorkor is best characterized by the inability to digest proteins from soy and other plant proteins. True False

False

Positive nitrogen balance can occur when protein intake does not meet the body's protein requirements. True False

False

Which is true about cholesterol? Non-essential. Needed to synthesize vitamin E. Important source of magnesium. Contains many sugar molecules linked together.

Non-essential.

When two amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds, the molecule formed is called a ___________

dipeptide

In the ______, polypeptide chains are digested to tripeptides, dipeptides, and amino acids, which are absorbed into the mucosal cell, where dipeptide and tripeptides are broken into single amino acids. liver small intestine esophagus pancreas

small intestine

Which of the following organs is most likely to be impacted over time by consumption of a high protein diet? the stomach. the gallbladder. the kidneys. the brain.

the kidneys.

A tripeptide contains _______ peptide bonds. one two three ten or more

three

High protein diets increase the production of ________ which is a naturally occurring molecule that is produced by protein metabolism.

urea

Which of the following metabolic waste products is likely to increase in response to the process of deamination? glycogen. urea. bile. pyruvate.

urea