Nutrition Chapter 1-9 (Quizzes)

Choosing healthy portion sizes is easier if you equate the portion to an easily recognizable, everyday item. Drag the label of the item to its correct portion size sentence.

- A small or medium piece of fresh fruit, one-half cup of baked potato, or one-half of a bagel is about the size of a (tennis ball) - Three ounces of meat is equivalent to the size of a (deck of playing cards). - One large apple or one cup of a ready-to-eat breakfast cereal is roughly the size of a (baseball). - Two tablespoons of salad dressing, peanut butter, or margarine is the same size as a (golf ball).

Place the hormone into each sentence to make it correct.

- After a late night, you overslept this morning and woke up late for class. In a rush to leave the house, you failed to eat breakfast. A few hours later, with an empty stomach, your blood glucose drops. This prompts your pancreas to release (glucagon) to stimulate breakdown of glycogen in the liver into glucose. - After morning class, with your stomach growling, you stagger to the cafeteria and devour a large pasta entree for lunch. Following this meal, your blood sugar rises and the pancreas releases (insulin) in an attempt to shuttle blood sugar into your cells. - You go to your next class, but because you're so full from lunch, you doze off. You awake to your classmate poking you in the arm as you realize the teacher is calling your name to answer a question. With your heart racing, your body now releases (epinephrine) that increases glycogen breakdown in the liver and raises your blood sugar.

Complete the following paragraph with the appropriate terms.

- Half of the plate is covered by (fruits and vegetables). These foods are dense sources of nutrients and health-promoting (phytochemicals) despite their low calorie contents. - Slightly more than 1/4 of the plate is occupied by grains. Within this food group, emphasize (whole grains) rather than (refined grains). - The remaining space on the plate is reserved for sources of (protein). Specifically, the Dietary Guidelines recommend lean meats, poultry and fish, plus (beans) and nuts, several times per week. - A cup of (dairy) appears next to the plate. Depending on personalized calorie recommendations, consumers should have 2-3 cups per day of (lowfat) or fat-free dairy products or other rich sources of calcium.

Worldwide, daily hunger is a reality for almost 1 billion people. Select all of the statements that apply to world hunger.

- Sub-Saharan Africa is one of the continents with the greatest number of hunger persons. - A "Food desert" is a geographic are with problems of low income and low access to supermarkets - Over half of the world's disease burden is related to problems of malnutrition.

Place the nutrition term into the appropriate sentence.

- The science of (nutrition) involves the relationship between food and health. - Chemical substances that are found in foods are called (nutrients). - We receive energy in the form of (calories) contained in foods we eat. - A nutrient is considered to be (essential) if, when left out of the diet, it leads to a decline in biological function.

High sugar intake may affect us in different ways. Use the terms below to complete each sentence.

- When considering the added sugar intake of the average American, a woman consumes about (239) kcals per day, a man consumes about (335) kcals per day, and a teen consumes about (360) of added sugars per day. - Major sources of added sugar are (soft drinks), cake, and ice cream. - Recent studies indicate that a high intake of added sugar, particularly from sweetened beverages, increases the risk for (type 2 diabetes) in adults. - High intake of sugar increases the blood levels of (LDL)-cholesterol. - Hyperactivity in children is likely due to (non-nutritional factors).

The liver is important in carbohydrate digestion as it processes the monosaccharides galactose and fructose into glucose. What happens to glucose once it is done being processed in the liver? Select all that apply.

- if glucose is present in excess, some can be turned into fat - If blood glucose levels are adequate, sou can be stores as glycogen. - The liver can release - the glucose directly into the bloodstream for transport to organs

Complete each statement about nutrient absorption with the appropriate term.

-The free movement of a nutrient from an area of higher concentration (in the lumen) to an area of lower concentration (in the absorptive cell) is called (passive diffusion) - The movement of a nutrient down a concentration gradient into the absorptive cells with the help of a protein carrier is (facilitated diffusion) - Transport of a nutrient against a concentration gradient requires both a protein carrier and the input of energy. This type of transport is called (active absorption). - In a type of transport called (endocytosis), absorptive cells engulf nutrients from the lumen of the GI tract and form a vesicle around the substance to bring it into the cell.

The scientific method can be applied to many areas, even in your own personal life. Put the components of the scientific method in order as they pertain to Luisa's experiment to determine what is making her stomach hurt.

1. Luisa notes that her stomach sometimes hurts after eating or drinking, and she wonders why. 2. Luisa hypothesizes that the mild products in her diet may be causing her upset stomach. 3. Luisa does a one- week trial in which she eliminates all dairy foods from her diet. 4. Luisa observes that after a one-week elimination of dairy foods from her diet, her upset stomach is resolves. 5. Luisa talks to her family and friends about her experiment and they all agree she is probably lactose intolerant. 6. Luisa conducts additional experiments trying to re-introduce dairy into her diet, but she experiences stomach pains anytime she tries to eat dairy foods.

The percentage of U.S. households considered food insecure is ________.

13

In general, cooking poultry and ground meat to ______ °F is sufficient to kill pathogenic organisms.

165

Wash hands for at least _______ in warm, soapy water before starting any food preparation.

20 seconds

The energy value of dietary carbohydrates is _____ kcal per gram.

4

Because of stress at work, Marija's stomach has been acting up. She saw a commercial for a yogurt with added probiotics that claims to aid with digestion and alleviate bowel problems. What is a probiotic?

A probiotic is a microorganism that colonizes the large intestine and thereby improves intestinal tract health.

Sources of the heavy metal lead include ________.

All of the answers are correct. - Water pipes and paint in older homes - certain pottery and crystal food containers - Mineral and herba supplements

Individuals with lactose maldigestion can usually tolerate small amounts of ________.

All of these are often tolerated in small intestine. - Yogurt - Nonfat Milk - Cheddar Cheese

What health practices would reduce the risk for chronic diseases?

All of these choices are correct. - Eating a healthful diet - Not smoking and limiting alcohol intake - Limiting stress or adjusting the causes of the stress

13. For what activities does the body use ATP?

All of these response are correct

Which of the following dietary or nutritional factors may worsen gastroesophageal reflux disease?

All of these responses are correct - Being overweight - consuming a high-fat diet - alcohol and caffeine consumption - Consumption of large meals

Which of the following components of John's meal provides protein?

All of these responses are correct.

Functions of the large intestine include ________.

All of these responses are correct. - Housing bacterial flors that keep the GI tract healthy - absorption of water and electrolytes, especially sodium and potassium - the defecation of feces

Drag and drop the term for each type of nutritional assessment to its best definition.

Anthropometric: Measuring various aspects of the body including height, weight, circumference, and body cmposition Biochemical: Measuring the contents of nutrients and nutrient by-products in the blood, urine, and feces Clinical: Physical evidence of any diet-related disease (hypertension and skin rashes) Dietary: Examination of how a person eats for 24 hours or over several days Enviromental: A person's education and economic background

12. In the cells, chemical reactions convert the energy in glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids into

Atp

The main objective of Healthy People 2020 is to help Americans ________.

Attain high-quality, longer lives free from preventable death and disease

Foodborne illness outbreaks can be caused by microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, or parasites. Foodborne illness outbreaks have been known to occur on cruise ships. Determine whether each outbreak was caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites.

Bacteria - Pre- packages lettuce contaminated with Salmonella - Raw Oysters contaminated with Vibrio Vulnificus - A rare hamburger contaminated with E.coli 0157: H7 Virus - An infected foodservices handler touches raw vegetables for a salad and transfers the condition that causes jaundice and affect the liver to the customer which ordered the salad - A foodservice worker who doesn't wash his hands after handling contaminated seafood causes highly contagious flu like symptoms for passengers on a cruise ship. Parasite - A broken meat thermometer ends up causing dinner guests to eat an undercooked pork roast infected with Trichineella Spiralis - A broken water main in a port town contaminates a boat's entire water supply with Cryptosporidium.

4. Which of the following components of John's meal provides the most carbohydrates?

Bread

Many factors influence food choices. Which factor relates to the knowledge, beliefs, religion, and traditions shared by a group of people?

Culture

Mandatory labeling of foods is regulated by the ________.

FDA

7. True or false: Glucose, protein, glycerol, and long-chain fatty acids are absorbed from the small intestine directly into the bloodstream.

False

The Daily Values (DV) on the food label are based on a food intake of 2000 kcal per day. If you consume 2500 kcal per day, the DV increases for which of the following nutrients?

Fat

There are legal definitions for some common nutrient content claims. Match the type of food with the content required to use that nutrient content claim:

Fat-free candy: Provides less than 0.5 grams of fat per serving Low-fat popcorn: Provides 3 grams or less of fat per serving Reduced-fat crackers: One serving has at least 25% less fat than a serving of regular crackers Extra lean beef: Has less than 5 grams of fat, 2 grams of saturated fat, and 95 mg of cholesterol per serving

Freezing food is one way of preserving food. What does freezing do?

Freezing halts microbes' ability to multiply.

Classify each of the following risk factors as having a genetic component or not having a genetic component.

Genetic - cholesterol metabolism - Salt sensitivity - Height Lifestyle choice - exercise - Calorie intake - smoking

Which is NOT a complex carbohydrate?

Glucose

Which of the following cannot add fat to the body?

Inorganic nutrients

Which of the following organs is NOT part of the digestive organ system?

Kidneys

The diets of North Americans are lower in carbohydrate and fiber than other diets worldwide. Determine whether the food items pertain to the standard North American diet or the "worldwide" diet.

North American diet - Breakfast: eggs, bacon, hash browns, toast and jam - Lunch: Ham and cheese sandwich on white bread, and potato chips - Dessert: gourmet ice cream Worldwide Diet - Breakfast: eggs, Blakeys beans and banana Lunch ; brown rice, fish, and broccoli Berries and yogurt

1. ______ refers to the muscular contractions that move food along the gastrointestinal tract. (video)

Peristalsis

An inert substance with no biological activity or a fake medicine that is used in controlled experiments is called a ________.

Placebo

The main structural material of the body is ________.

Protein

3. Hydrochloric acid is secreted in the

Stomach

Carbohydrates can be described as ________.

Sugars, starches, and fibers

Which U.S. government agency can regulate nutrition and health-related claims on product labels?

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

Match the qualities from the list to the appropriate term.

Too High In The Diets of Americans - Saturated Fat - Calories - Trans fat - Sugar - Salt - Alcohol Too Low in The Diets of Americans - Whole grains ] - Fruits - Vegetables

8. True or false: Proteins are made of amino acids.

True

There are numerous trustworthy and endless numbers of not-so-trustworthy websites containing nutrition information. Determine whether the scenario is likely to yield trustworthy or not trustworthy nutrition information.

Trustworthy nutrition advice - An article found on the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics website at www.eatright.org, and written by a registered Dietitian. - A Scientific review on wether or not creatine supplements re effective in athletic performance found on the National institutes of Health office of Dietary supplements page at http://dietary-supplements.info.nih.gov Not trustworthy nutrition advice - A pop-up adder B vitamins that promotes "endless energy" when you are doing a general web search on natural sleep aids. - A websites with a subscription- based product that promises to tell you about the weight-loss secret physicians and dietitians don't want you to know about.

Examples of water-soluble vitamins include ________.

Vitamin C and the B-vitamins

Amylose and amylopectin contain ___________ bonds, which are responsible for the digestibility of these starches.

alpha

Mad cow disease ________.

causes a fatal brain disease in cows

Which of the following is a food additive that breaks down macronutrients found in foods?

enzyme

2. Which of the following correctly traces the path of food through the gastrointestinal tract?

esophagus, stomach, small intestine

6. Lipids are broken down into

fatty acids and glycerol.

A sugar not commonly found free in nature that combines with glucose to form the disaccharide lactose is ________.

galactose

10. Carbohydrates are broken down into

glucose

A breakfast cereal labeled as organic must ________.

have at least 95% of its ingredients meet organic standards

By definition, energy-dense foods are ALL ________.

high in calories

Gastrin, secretin, CCK, and gastric inhibitory peptide are examples of ________.

hormones

Which nutrient is best contributed by the protein foods group of MyPlate?

iron

11. All absorbed nutrients eventually travel to the

liver

The hepatic portal system delivers nutrients from the digestive tract to the ________.

liver

Which of the following meals represents the most nutrient-dense meal?

medium apple, fat-free milk, turkey sandwich on whole grain bread, carrot slices

Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) values are for people who are ________.

of all ages

9. The primary site of nutrient absorption from the gastrointestinal tract is the

small intestines

The sugar alcohol commonly used to sweeten chewing gum and candy is ________.

sorbitol

The storage form of carbohydrates in plants is ________.

starch