Nutrition Chapter 1 & 2

examples pf peer-reviewed articles

1) journal of american medical association 2) the new england journal of medicin 3) journal of american college of nutrition

1 gallon equals how many cups?

16 cups

1 pint equals how many cups?

2 cups

1 tablespoon equals how many teaspoons?

3 teaspoons

1 quart equals how many cups?

4 cups

alternative health care

Acupuncture, Massage,Herbal Medicine are considered _______.

The ________ is the federal agency that tries to ensure the safety and effectiveness of health-related products

FDA

The government agency that enforces consumer protection laws by investigating false or misleading health-related claims is the

Federal Trade Commission (FTC)

_________ can be classified as a dietary supplement

Ginkgo biloba and bitter orange

Which of the following statements best describes the amount of energy in one kilocalorie?

a kilocalorie is the amount of heat energy needed to raise the temp of 1 liter of water 1 degree celsius

a type of observational study in which two existing groups differing in outcome are identified and compared on the basis of some supposed causal attribute

case-control study

The smallest living functional unit in an organism is called a(n)

cell

Studying nutrition means you must also have an understanding of ____________, the study of the composition and characteristics of matter and changes that occur to matter.

chemistry

The making of proteins, generation of energy, and disposal of waste are all chemical processes that in total are referred to as your

metabolism

The foods that you eat contain ______________, chemicals that are necessary for proper body functioning.

nutrients

A testimonial is

personal endorsement of a product

testimonial

personal endorsement of a product

Non-nutrient compounds that are made by plants and may influence health are called

phytochemicals

A fake treatment is a

placebo

consumption is more now compared to 1970:

poultry, grains & cereals, added fat, added sugar, fish, cheese, and total calories

a study that watches the outcome of development of disease; this study usually involves raking a cohort of subjects and watching over them a long period of time

prospective study

true/false: In the US, poor eating habits contribute to some of the 10 leading causes of death.

true

true/false: Scientific studies to investigate the same question can have different findings

true

Examples of food security

1) "everyone in my house has access to food that keeps them healthy" 2) "we have a lot of medical expenses, but never so much that we dont have enough money to purchase foods that are good for our health"

examples of food insecurity

1) "i am on a fixed income and oftentimes have to choose between filling my medicine scripts or buying food" 2) "we always have enough money for food in the beginning of the month, but by the end we sometimes run out of food"

According to the main nutrition-related goal of healthy people 2020, americans should

achieve and maintain a healthy body weight

Derek takes protein supplements before and after his workouts. He told his workout partner he became 200% stronger within a couple of months after he added the supplement. His report about the effects is an example of _________

anecdote

a substance that can protect a person's cells from being damaged or destroyed by certain harmful factors is an

antioxidant

Some nutrients function as ____________; these are substances that protect other compounds from being damaged or destroyed by certain environmental factors.

antioxidants

Examples of macronutrient:

carbs, fat, energy yielding nutrient and nutrients required in grams per day

Having a control group enables researchers to

compare findings of the control group with those of the experimental group

The usual pattern of foods that you choose to eat is referred to as your

diet

Scientists who investigate lifestyle factors that influence the prevalence of obesity among different human population groups are conducting a ___________

epidemiological study

An aspect of ______ involves studying causes of health problems in a population.

epidemiology

A(n) ________________ is one that must be provided by the diet because it cannot be produced by the body in the amount that is needed.

essential nutrient

First step in the scientific method

making observations

Failure to consume adequate amounts of nutrients can lead to noticeable and measurable physical changes that are ______ of deficiency disease.

signs

Kimchi is one of many foods made by fermentation, including ________ and beer.

yogurt

true/false: dietary supplements may interact negatively with other substances a person takes

true

true/false: it is not unusual for similar studies, especially those involving human subjects, to have different findings

true

examples of micronutrient:

vitamins, minerals, non-energy yielding nutrient, nutrients required in milligrams per day

Scientist enroll 500 healthy adults in a study and collect dietary and other lifestyles info about the group. After 6 years, the scientists determine that study participants who ate at least 5 servings of fruit and veggies daily were less likely to develop HBP than participants who ate fewer than 5 servings a day. This is an example of a _________

prospective study

proteins

provides a source of energy and regulates body processes

Consumption is less now compared to 1970:

red meat, milk, and eggs

water

regulates body temp and helps eliminate waste

anecdote

report of personal experience

a study that looks backwards and examines exposures to suspected risk or protection factors in relation to an outcome that is established at the start of the study

retrospective study

experiment

systemic testing od a hypothesis

conventional wisdom

traditional belief

True/False: Disclaimers are clues that products may not meet your expectations or the manufacturer's claims.

true

True/False: The RDN credential is legally protected

true

True/false: A registered dietitian nutritionist has been trained to apply food and nutrition info to help treat many health conditions.

true

True/false: a person with a PhD who promotes drinking vinegar as the cure for lung cancer is practicing quakery.

true

true/false: A scientist's professional affiliations and sources of financial support may influence his or her research findings

true

true/false: before taking a dietary supplement, people should determine whether the product is necessary and safe

true

true statements about undernutrition and overnutrition

1) overnutrition is a type of malnutrition 2)overnutrition may be characterized by obesity 3)long-term excessive energy intake can cause overnutrition

undernutrition consequences during pregnancy

1) the baby can be born with breathing problem 2) it can lead to the birth of a high-weight baby 3) it increases the mother risk of dying during childbirth 4) increases risk of having baby premature

1/2 cup equals how many tablespoons?

8 tablespoons

Which site is most likely to provide biased and unreliable nutritional info?

a site that promotes or sells dietary supplements (.com)

an example of integrative health care

a physician who treats patient's back pain with cortisone injections and massage therapy

A team of scientists conduct a survey of 1000 people who are btw 60 and 75 years of age to determine whether their past consumption of seafood may have influenced their current state of health. This study is an example of

a retrospective study

data

facts observed over the course of an experiement

true/false: Scientific evidence provides considerable support for the effectiveness of most forms of alternative health care

false

what is 1 example of a phytochemical?

grapes

Many of the top 10 leading causes of death in the united states are associated with certain dietary practices. What are the top 2 leading causes of death in the US?

heart disease and cancer

Carbs

provides a source of energy

vitamins and minerals

regulates body processes

Deficiency disease can cause subjective health problems called _____________, which may include headaches, dizziness, and fatigue.

symptoms

In fermentation, _________ break down certain nutrients producing acids, gases, and alcohol.

bacteria

true/false: Undernutrition is a health problem that is only seen in developing countries.

False

Kimchi is a Korean food that is often made with __________, cucumbers, or radishes.

cabbages

Generally, epidemiological studies

cannot determine cause and effect relationships

false statements about undernutrition and overnutrition

in the US, overnutrition is less common than undernutrition

A chronically undernourished person has

inadequate intakes of energy and nutrients