Nutrition, Chapter 1 Review

According to the current assessment of research studies, what disease risk is reduced by a diet rich in fiber from fruits, vegetables, legumes, and whole grains? a. Diabetes mellitus type 1 b. Diverticular disease c. Alzheimer's disease d. Sickle-cell anemia e. Osteoporosis

Diverticular disease

What food item would be a healthy basic selection at the grocery store? a. White bread b. Battered fish c. Dry roasted nuts d. White rice e. Peaches canned in heavy syrup

Dry roasted nuts

What term refers to nutrients that the body must obtain from food? a. Building-block nutrients b. Indispensable nutrients c. Essential nutrients d. Basic nutrients e. Macronutrients

Essential nutrients

_________refers to the traditional foods eaten by the people of a particular culture. a. Culture b. Food perception c. Ethnic cuisine d. International cuisine e. Religious cuisine

Ethnic cuisine

T/F A nutrition claim that appears in a newspaper is usually a confirmed, and therefore reliable, finding.

False

T/F As a consequence of an abundant food supply, Americans experience some of the lowest rates of degenerative diseases in the world.

False

T/F Because the U.S. media is closely regulated, nutritional information disseminated by the media is highly reliable.

False

T/F Diet is the sole culprit in causing chronic diseases, such as diabetes and heart disease.

False

T/F Even when people are served more food, they tend to eat the same amount.

False

T/F Meals eaten at fast food restaurants commonly contain similar amount of calories, fiber, and saturated fat to meals prepared at home.

False

T/F Nutrient deficiency diseases are one of the leading causes of death in America.

False

T/F Okinawans are a group of Eskimos that eat a high-fat diet but still maintain good health.

False

T/F Risk of lifestyle-related chronic diseases is purely hereditary.

False

T/F The "best if used by" date on a product is merely a suggestion and can be ignored for bulk items.

False

T/F The act of eating is fairly straightforward in that its primary benefit is linked to the physical need for food.

False

T/F The amount spent by the food industry advertising food, beverage, and fast food is nearly equal to the amount spent by the government in promoting its campaign to encourage people of all ages to increase their consumption of fruits and vegetables.

False

T/F The key to disease prevention and optimal health is eating certain foods and avoiding other foods.

False

T/F The social and cultural groups to which a person belongs have a little effect on food choices.

False

Which nutrient provides the most energy per gram? a. Carbohydrate b. Water c. Fat d. Protein e. Alcohol

Fat

Helen is ordering a pizza for her family. Which topping(s) would be the best choice as a good low-calorie selection? a. Green peppers, mushrooms, and onions b. Pepperoni c. Sausage d. Extra cheese e. Canadian bacon

Green peppers, mushrooms, and onions

What is the leading cause of death in the United States for people over age 24? a. Cancer b. Heart disease c. Homicide d. Liver disease e. Stroke

Heart disease

Which disease is least likely to be influenced by diet? a. Hypertension b. Hemophilia c. Arthritis d. Cancer e. Osteoporosis

Hemophilia

What is an example of a fortified food? a. Organically grown strawberries b. Low-fat potato chips c. 93 percent lean ground beef d. Iodized salt e. Natural supplements

Iodized salt

What is a function of water in the body? a. It regulates the release of energy. b. It transports hormonal messages from place to place. c. It provides a small amount of energy needed by the nervous system. d. It plays a vital role in heart rate. e. It controls muscle contractions.

It transports hormonal messages from place to place.

Which substance is a major mineral? a. Chromium b. Copper c. Manganese d. Zinc e. Magnesium

Magnesium

What is the collective term for all the chemical and physical reactions occurring in living cells, including the reactions by which the body obtains and uses energy from foods? a. Biochemistry b. Epidemiology c. Active transport d. Cellular respiration e. Metabolism

Metabolism

How does the diet of the centenarians from the islands of Okinawa compare to that of most U.S. adults? a. U.S. adults consume more seafood but fewer saturated fats. b. Okinawans consume more vegetables but fewer calories. c. U.S. adults consume more fruits but fewer calories. d. Okinawans consume more calories but fewer sweets. e. U.S. adults consume more foods with high antioxidant levels.

Okinawans consume more vegetables but fewer calories.

Which strategy would most likely support healthy eating when dining out? a. Order grilled rather than fried foods b. Use mayonnaise in place of mustard c. Order a large burger to obtain adequate protein d. Order whole milk rather than a soda e. Buy the largest meal with the best deal and skip the next meal.

Order grilled rather than fried foods

Which of the following is a correct statement regarding American current food intake and health status? a. Vegetable intake is low but whole grain and fruit intake is adequate. b. Over half of the American population engages in no leisure-time physical activity. c. One-third of adults are overweight or obese. d. Obesity rates in American children are not a current concern but may become one if lifestyle habits do not change. e. Over half of Americans suffer from a disease or condition is preventable through dietary intake and physical activity.

Over half of Americans suffer from a disease or condition is preventable through dietary intake and physical activity.

Which activity demonstrates making a food choice based on sustainability issues in relation to food consumption? a. Purchasing fresh strawberries when they are out of season b. Buying bananas grown in Costa Rica c. Shopping when you are not hungry d. Purchasing corn from the farmer in your neighborhood e. Buying only items that are very nutritious

Purchasing corn from the farmer in your neighborhood

Which objective is included in Healthy People 2020? a. Reduce consumption of high-fiber snacks. b. Reduce rates of iron deficiency. c. Decrease the proportion of visits to the doctor. d. Decrease the amount of food available to obese households. e. Increase muscle-building activities over aerobic activities in adults.

Reduce rates of iron deficiency.

Joy decides to use the smart shopping tips she learned in her college nutrition course. What practice should she avoid while shopping? a. Shopping when she is hungry b. Buying fresh foods in season c. Reading the ingredients to compare similar products d. Checking the store's sales circular for items on her shopping list e. Shopping the perimeter of the grocery store

Shopping when she is hungry

Where do most Americans obtain nutrition information? a. Doctors b. Family/friends c. Television d. Magazines e. The internet

Television

Who often plays the most powerful role in determining the typical individual's food choices? a. The father b. Siblings c. The mother d. Friends e. Coworkers

The mother

Imagine that you are reading a magazine article about a new product that claims to benefit health. Which characteristic suggests that these claims might be valid? a. The product is described as a "secret formula." b. The article provides anecdotal evidence that the product works. c. The peer-reviewed scientific research is cited. d. The product is available only through a commercial. e. The article includes testimonials from satisfied customers.

The peer-reviewed scientific research is cited.

What is a leading cause of death in the United States that is linked to diet? a. Lung disease b. Cancer c. Kidney disease d. Infections of the blood e. Parkinson's disease

Cancer

Which nutrients provide four calories per gram? a. Carbohydrate and fat b. Fat and protein c. Carbohydrate and protein d. Alcohol and protein e. Carbohydrate and alcohol

Carbohydrate and protein

If you weigh 200 pounds and are at a desirable weight, how much of that weight is water? a. 40 pounds b. 80 pounds c. 100 pounds d. 120 pounds e. 140 pounds

120 pounds

A slice of pizza contains 24 grams of carbohydrate, 14 grams of fat, and 8 grams of protein. How many total calories would the slice of pie provide? a. 184 calories b. 224 calories c. 254 calories d. 322 calories e. 414 calories

254 calories

What is the approximate prevalence of obesity among adults in the United States today? a. 20 percent b. 33 percent c. 42 percent d. 48 percent e. 54 percent

33 percent

One gram of carbohydrate yields ____ calories, 1 gram of fat yields ____ calories, and 1 gram of protein yields ____calories. a. 4; 8; 4 b. 4; 9; 4 c. 7; 4; 4 d. 4; 7; 9 e. 4; 9; 7

4; 9; 4

A double cheeseburger with bacon contains 44 grams of protein, 28 grams of carbohydrate, and 39 grams of fat. What percentage of calories in the sandwich comes from fat? a. 28 percent b. 55 percent c. 74 percent d. 82 percent e. There is not sufficient information to determine the percentage of calories from fat.

55 percent

Sasha wants to consume 30 percent of her total calories from fat and she eats 1800 calories per day. What is the maximum number of fat grams she should eat? a. 45 grams b. 55 grams c. 60 grams d. 77 grams e. 135 grams

60 grams

If a food has 20 grams of fat and 300 calories per serving, what is the percentage of calories from fat in this food? a. 20 percent b. 25 percent c. 35 percent d. 50 percent e. 60 percent

60 percent

Susan is deciding what to order for lunch at the fast-food restaurant near her school. Which combination would you recommend as the best nutritional selection? a. A grilled chicken sandwich with mustard and side salad with vinaigrette b. A fried chicken sandwich with mayonnaise and side salad with dressing c. A fish patty sandwich with tartar sauce and baked potato with butter d. A cheeseburger and a milkshake e. Nachos with extra guacamole and less sour cream

A grilled chicken sandwich with mustard and side salad with vinaigrette

Who would be the most appropriate person to consult for nutrition information? a. A nutritionist b. A chiropractor c. A registered dietitian d. A medical doctor e. A health food store manager

A registered dietitian

Which vitamins are fat-soluble? a. A, D, E, and K b. A, B, C, and D c. B, C, and K d. B, C, and D e. C, E, and K

A, D, E, and K

What substance supplies energy without promoting growth or repair of the body? a. Tobacco b. Fat c. Alcohol d. Glucose e. Copper

Alcohol

Which substance provides seven calories per gram? a. Protein b. Fat c. Carbohydrate d. Fiber e. Alcohol

Alcohol

Marcia decides to go shopping and wants to purchase foods with less fat and calories and save money at the same time. Which food item is least likely to help Marcia meet her objectives? a. Salsa b. Pork tenderloin c. Frozen broccoli d. Chicken nuggets e. Eggs

Chicken nuggets

Which vitamins are water-soluble? a. B vitamins and D b. A and D c. B vitamins and C d. A, D, E, and K e. C and E

B vitamins and C

Which term is included in the acronym CARS, and is applied in determining the quality of information found on the Internet? a. Adequacy b. Credibility c. Reliability d. Sense e. Rational

Credibility

According to "The Longevity Game" by Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company, which trait or behavior is most likely to add to the average life expectancy? a. Retiring at age 62 b. Exercising once per week c. Wearing seatbelts at all times, excluding short trips d. Being female e. Drinking three glasses of wine per day

Being female

Access to an abundance of foods has been shown to contribute to increased rates of ________. a. degenerative diseases b. hereditary diseases c. healthy eating patterns d. unprocessed foods eaten e. individuals at healthy weights

degenerative diseases

One hallmark of a credible nutrition article is that it ____. a. describes results of a study of a sufficiently large group of people b. analyzes research studies that are at least 10 years old c. presents results that differ remarkably from those of similar studies d. appears in a respected newspaper with a large national circulation e. includes several cases of anecdotal support

describes results of a study of a sufficiently large group of people

Degenerative illnesses sometimes known as ____. a. unintentional diseases b. illnesses of poverty c. fast food diseases d. diseases of affluence e. cultural illnesses

diseases of affluence

The habit of hara hachi bu in Okinawan culture involves ____. a. not smoking or drinking alcohol b. eating until only 80 percent full c. exercising 45 minutes each day d. eating less than 35 percent of calories from fat e. beginning each day with a low-calorie, nutrient-dense meal

eating until only 80 percent full

A(n) _____________ examines populations to determine food patterns and health status over time. a. epidemiological study b. intervention study c. correlational study d. control group e. clinical study

epidemiological study

The physiological need for food is also known as _______. a. hunger b. craving c. satiety d. appetite e. food perception

hunger

Cultural norms help determine food choices by ____. a. imparting an innate preference for sweet tastes b. dictating nutrition guidelines for the government c. influencing beliefs about which plants and animals should be eaten as food d. controlling the physiological need for food e. encouraging the acceptance of all types of foods

influencing beliefs about which plants and animals should be eaten as food

Jerry signs up for a scientific study in which he will follow a special diet that may lower his high blood cholesterol level. This is a(n) ____. a. intervention study b. placebo study c. epidemiological study d. survey study e. experimental study

intervention study

Dietary recommendations for sugar are to consume ______ of total calories from added sugars. a. less than 10 percent b. between 10 to 15 percent c. less than 20 percent d. less than 25 percent e. no more than 25 percent

less than 10 percent

A ______ food is one that is low in calories compared to the amount of nutrients it contains. a. calorie-dense b. energy-dense c. nutrient-dense d. healthy e. balanced

nutrient-dense

Avoiding the consumption of meat on Fridays during Lent is an example of a food choice based on ______. a. customs b. social groups c. religion d. perception e. sustainability

religion

One nutrition-related Healthy People 2020 objective is to reduce the consumption of ____ in the U.S. population. a. solid fats and added sugars b. various vegetables c. calcium-rich foods d. dietary whole grains e. iron-rich foods

solid fats and added sugars

Limiting your intake of sodium is most helpful in reducing your risk of ____. a. stroke b. gallbladder disease c. diabetes d. obesity e. colon cancer

stroke

Simone is looking for scientifically supported information on nutrition, and performs an Internet search. Which criteria suggest that the site features unreliable information? a. The site states: "This website is authored and maintained by John Fawkes, M.D., a practicing physician who teaches at John Hopkins University School of Medicine." b. The latest post on the "recent news" page is dated the day before. c. The site describes both potential risks and benefits when describing nutritional practices or products. d. The sources of statistics and study findings discussed are unavailable on the site. e. The summary information is presented in an objective manner.

The sources of statistics and study findings discussed are unavailable on the site.

_______is the leading cause of preventable death in the United States. a. Alcohol b. Poor diet/inactivity c. Tobacco d. Accidents e. Firearms

Tobacco

T/F Cutting back on intake of meat and poultry is a viable option for reducing fat in the diet and trimming food budgets.

True

T/F Extremely low income can put a person at risk for undernutrition.

True

T/F The First Amendment to the Constitution allows freedom of the press for writers to make claims for nutrition products.

True

T/F The Okinawans have a lower prevalence of chronic diseases than most other cultures in the world.

True

T/F The diet of Okinawan elders is 80 percent plant-based and is high in soy.

True

On average, how much water does your body lose each day in the form of sweat and urine? a. Two cups b. Two pints c. Four to six cups d. Two to three quarts e. One gallon

Two to three quarts

You are looking for a legitimate, qualified dietitian to advise you on a healthy eating plan for your family. Which characteristic might alert you to do further research? a. An undergraduate degree in food and nutrition or a related science b. Completion of an approved dietetic internship or its equivalent c. Use of the term nutritionist after the individual's name d. Successful completion of a national examination and maintenance of continuing education e. A degree earned at an institution accredited by the Council on Education

Use of the term nutritionist after the individual's name

Which substances are included in the six classes of nutrients? a. Water, alcohol, and fats b. Alcohol, proteins, and carbohydrates c. Antioxidants, sugar, and vitamins d. Water, carbohydrates, and fats e. Alcohol, minerals, and vitamins

Water, carbohydrates, and fats

_______is the psychological desire to eat. a. Hunger b. Craving c. Satiety d. Appetite e. Food perception

Appetite

What are organic, or carbon-containing, essential nutrients that are vital to life but needed only in relatively minute amounts? a. Trace minerals b. Catalysts c. Micro minerals d. Metabolites e. Vitamins

Vitamins

Which nutrients regulate the release of energy and other aspects of metabolism rather than supplying energy? a. Water and protein b. Fats and minerals c. Amino acids and vitamins d. Vitamins and minerals e. Antioxidants and fats

Vitamins and minerals

A _______ study minimizes the chances that the results are due to a placebo effect or to bias on the part of the researcher. a. controlled and valid b. randomized and epidemiological c. valid and randomized d. epidemiological e. controlled and randomized

controlled and randomized

Limiting fat intake to 20 to 30 percent of total calories is recommended to reduce the risk of ____. a. heart disease b. tooth decay c. gum disease d. osteoporosis e. osteoarthritis

heart disease