Nutrition Chapter 11: Cultural and Religious Influences on Food and Nutritio

The nurse prepares to assess the nutritional status of a client who recently immigrated from Jordan. Which question should the nurse use to understand the client's dietary preferences?

"Are there any foods that you will not eat?"

A client uses canned and frozen vegetables when preparing soup or stews at home. What should the nurse advise to this client?

"Check the amount of sodium in the canned items before adding salt to the dish."

A nurse is preparing to participate in an outreach program on nutrition in a predominantly Asian American community. To provide beneficial information, the nurse should keep in mind aspects of dietary acculturation. Which of the following statements by the nurse would be most constructive in altering behavior in this population?

"Let's talk about serving size when choosing foods."

Caribbean, Central America, and East African cultures Traditional food practices

- "Soul Food" symbol of heritage and identify ( Term first used in 1964 during civil rights movement) - Corn and corn products (grits, cornmeal) are the primary grain. - Greater dairy intake among urban dwellers fruit/vegetable intake low except for greens - Higher intake of packaged and fatty meats, meats are often breaded and fried - Diets higher in fat cholesterol, sodium

A nurse is working in conjunction with a dietician to create a plan of care for a client who is obese and wants to lose weight. The client is from a different cultural background and adheres to its traditional beliefs and values. Which statements related to presenting the care plan are likely to accomodate those traditional beliefs? Select all that apply.

- "Would you like to include your family while I go over this plan of care with you?" - "We can spend as much time as you want reviewing and discussing this plan of care together." - "It's best to decrease sugary drinks such as sweet tea, soda pop, and juices to decrease your overall sugar consumption."

Technology Influences on Products and Popular foods

- 19th century - Coca Cola, Heinz - 20th century - Crisco, M&Ms, Rice a Roni, Hamburger Helper, Egg McMuffins, Boca Burgers - 21st century - Turkey Spam, Tuna Pouches, Omega 3 eggs,

The Impact of Culture When/how food is eaten

- All cultures eat at least once a day but mealtimes vary among cultures. - U.S associates bad manners in eating with animal behavior i.e. "piggish"

Caribbean, Central America, and East African cultures Health Issues

- Among highest rates of morbidity and mortality from diet related diseases - Women less likely to perceive themselves as overweight - Higher rates of health disparities i.e. likely to have poor health outcomes

The nurse is providing a class about diet quality to a group of clients who are Black Americans and endorse eating primarily "soul food." Which nutrient(s) will the nurse provide education about that may be deficient in this dietary pattern? Select all that apply.

- Calcium - Fiber - Potassium

A nurse is preparing a community education course about nurtrition for a diverse group of clients. Which factor(s) will the nurse account for to ensure culturally competent nursing education is provided? Select all that apply.

- Culture defines what is edible and what is inedible. - Core foods for most cultures are typically complex carbohydrates.

The Impact of Culture Health beliefs

- Different cultures have unique points of view on life and meaning of health and illness and - Some cultures define foods that create equilibrium within the body and soul. - Body image (i.e. U.S. thin = health, beauty; African, Caribbean, Latina overweight = health, beauty, prosperity

Dietary acculturation

- Eating patterns of people who move to host country change and become more similar to host country - Linked to increased risk of obesity and chronic diseases and in U.S.

Dietary Acculturation Food habits are one of the last behaviors people change through acculturation.

- First-generation usually adhere more closely to cultural food patterns. Second-generation - Americans may follow cultural patterns only on holidays and at family gatherings. - Children tend to adopt new ways quickly.

Cultural Subgroups in the U.S. Traditional Diets

- Generally considered healthy because of large amounts of plant based foods and lower amounts of food from animals - Difficult to define "traditional" food choices because of wide variation among cultural groups

Caribbean, Central America, and East African cultures Health beliefs

- Home remedies and natural therapies used - Fatalistic attitude - illness is natural -Some cultures believe illness caused by supernatural forces

Dietary acculturation occurs when eating patterns of immigrants change to resemble those of the dominant or mainstream culture. Which negative effect(s) would the nurse attribute to dietary acculturation to American eating patterns? Select all that apply.

- Increase in sugar intake - Increase in rates of obesity - Increase in fat intake

Characteristics of Culture

- Inherent value system - Learned, not instinctive - Passed down generations - Unconscious influences - Resistant to change but NOT static - Contrasts in cultural values - Defines what is edible

A nurse works in a community with a diverse population. The nurse is categorizing religions based off of their dietary laws. Which religions regularly observe partial or total fasting? Select all that apply.

- Islam - Orthodox Judaism - Hinduism - Roman Catholic - Buddhism

A client is inquiring about a meal kit delivery service for their family. What would be the nurse's best reponse to this client? Select all that apply.

- It can save on food preparation time. - It encourages the trial of new cuisine. - The amount of food sent is for a specified number of people, leaving no leftovers.

Food away from home (FAFH)

- Lower nutritional quality - 40% of food spending, 33% of calorie intake among men/women age 20 and older - "fast food" and full service restaurant associated with increased sugar, fat, sodium - Eating home cooked meals more than 5 times week associated with improved diet and lower BMI

The Impact of Culture Symbolism

- Meals versus snacks - Celebrations/holidays - Expression of love/comfort/reward - Moral beliefs/sentiments - belongingness to OR separateness from a group

Categories of race and ethnicity (U.S. Census Bureau)

- Native North American or Alaska Native - Asian - Black or African American - Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islanders - White - Hispanic, Latino, or Spanish

The nurse knows that food away from home (FAFH) is a driving force in nutrition trends. A client inquires of the nurse about current food consumption trends. The nurse would share that which food(s) are consumed at increased levels in food away from home? Select all that apply.

- Potatoes - Chicken - Lettuce - Cheese

Roles of Certain Foods Core foods

- Regularly included in diet, usually on daily basis, significant source on calories - Typically complex carbohydrates.

Culture impacts

- Role of food, seasoning and preparation, symbolism, when/how foods are eaten - Ranking foods i.e. edible versus inedible - May override flavor in determining what is offensive or acceptable - Disliking the idea of the food rather than the actual food itself

Convenience foods

- Save time (i.e. bagged salads, cut and/or seasoned vegetables, frozen meals). - Can be high in sodium and more expensive - Important factor should determine what helps to maintain a healthy diet.

Dietary Acculturation Use culturally sensitive counseling and interventions

- Tailor interventions to be culturally and individually appropriate. - Don't make general assumptions - Gain understanding of client's level of acculturation and health literacy. - Establish rapport - be knowledgeable about cultural food beliefs/practices, emphasize the positive, discuss options to include traditions foods i.e. prepare in a healthier way

Reasons for adopting new food choices as part of acculturation include:

- Traditional foods may be more expensive, less available and/or have lengthy preparation times - Desire to be connected to new culture, particularly for children influenced by peer pressure - Reject traditional foods due to realization that are unhealthy

How a person chooses to satisfy nutritional requirements is influenced and is reflected by many variables including

- culture, - socioeconomic status, - personal preferences - religion.

Dining out at restaurants and eating takeout are growing trends in America. What percentage of the food budget does the average American spend on food away from home?

40% -Food away from home (FAFH) accounts for more than 40% of food spending. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data show that among men and women age 20 and older, 33% of total calorie intake comes from food and beverages consumed away from home.

In preparing community education on nutrition, the nurse should include that in the United States, what percentages of food spending was spent on eating out?

43%

In preparing community education on nutrition, the nurse should include that in the United States, what percentages of food spending was spent on eating out?

43% -Data from 2012 show that 43.1% of food spending was on food away from home (FAFH), which has risen steadily from 25.9% in 1970.

A nurse is dicussing nutrition with a client who follows a traditional Chinese eating pattern. What does the nurse recognize as a healthy aspect of this diet?

A variety of vegetables are used extensively. -A variety of vegetables are used extensively in traditional Chinese foods. Dairy products are limited due to the common occurrence of lactose intolerance. The diet incorporates a wide variety of animal proteins; use of seafood depends on availability. Although soy sauce is frequently used, its high sodium content prevents is from being a healthy aspect.

A client asks a nurse for nutritional advice when eating out at an Italian restaurant. Which calorie-laden sauce would the nurse recommend the client avoid?

Alfredo -Alfredo sauce is considered a calorie-laden sauce and has a high fat content, which means it would be better for the client to avoid this type of sauce at an Italian restuarant. Other Italian food sauces that are healthier choices include red clam, marinara, wine, cacciatore, fra diavolo, and marsala.

The nurse notes that a client is an Eastern Orthodox Christian. Which dietary action should be taken to support this client's religious beliefs?

Ask if there are any foods required on a feast day -Because Eastern Orthodox Christians observe numerous feast days throughout the year, the nurse should ask if there are any foods required to be eaten on a feast day. Eastern Orthodox Christians do not restrict bacon or caffeinated beverages. Water before and after meals is a Seventh-Day Adventists practice.

The nurse is concerned that a client of Japanese descent only drinks green tea for breakfast. What should the nurse do first to improve this client's nutrition for the first meal of the day?

Ask what foods are preferred to eat for breakfast

A 68-year-old Asian American client who was recently diagnosed with type II diabetes has come to the clinic for a class on nutrition and diabetes. Which of the following nursing actions demonstrates respect for the client's culture?

Asking the client what foods he enjoys eating.

A nurse is caring for a client of a cultural background and country of origin that is different than that of the nurse. The client requires a diet change due to a new diagnosis of diabetes mellitus type 2. Which strategy will the nurse include to ensure effective cross-cultural nutrition counseling?

Be knowledgeable about cultural food habits and health beliefs.

A nurse is learning more about food beliefs associated with various religions. Which of the following religions has a moral code that focuses on making thoughtful decisions about food?

Buddhism -The Buddhist code of morality is set forth in the Five Moral Precepts, which are to not (1) kill or harm living things; (2) steal; (3) engage in sexual misconduct; (4) lie; and (5) consume intoxicants, such as alcohol, tobacco, or mind-altering drugs. Believing that thoughtful food decisions can contribute to spiritual enlightenment, a Buddhist asks himself these questions.

Calorie-laden words to watch out for include the following:

Buttered, Battered, Breaded, Deep fried, Au gratin, Creamy, Crispy, Alfredo, Bisque, Hollandaise, Parmigiana, Béarnaise, En croute, Escalloped, French fried, Pan fried, Rich, Sautéed and with gravy, mayonnaise or cheese.

Cultural Subgroups in the U.S.

By 2044, approximately 50% of U.S. population will consist of minority groups (U.S. Census Bureau, 2015).

What is a descriptive word that indicates a calorie-laden cooking technique?

Béarnaise

Which of the following statements would explain why immigrant children assume foodways of a new culture sooner than their parents do?

Children learn from other children at school.

Acculturation occurs as people who move to a different cultural area adopt the beliefs, values, attitudes, and behaviors of the dominant culture. Which statement accurately reflects this process as it relates to food and nutrition?

Children tend to adopt new ways quickly as they learn from other children at school.

The nurse instructs a client on ensuring adequate nutrition when eating in a restaurant. Which meal selection indicates that additional teaching is required?

Crispy clam strips with coleslaw -The client should be encouraged to select food that are prepared with less fat. Common terms that indicate such preparation are baked, braised, broiled, "cooked in its own juice," grilled, lightly sautéed, poached, roasted, or steamed. The meal selection with the highest fat content is the crispy clam strips. The term "crispy" implies that the clams have been fried in added fat.

The Impact of Culture Cultural values

Define desirable/undesirable and personal/public behavior and social interactions.

Which meal is least likely to have food choice changes in regards to dietary acculturation?

Dinner -Dietary acculturation is most likely to change food choices for snacks, breakfast, and lunch rather than dinner, so it's important to shift the focus to promoting healthy food choices for those meals.

A nurse is helping clients plan meals that incorporate all of the elements of their culture. The nurse must keep in mind that subgroups within a culture act in which way?

Display a unique range of cultural characteristics -Subgroups within a culture display a unique range of cultural characteristics that affect food intake and nutritional status. What is edible, the role of food, how food is prepared and seasoned, the symbolic use of food, and when and how food is eaten are among the many characteristics defined by culture. The assumption that all people in a culture adhere to the same foodway or same characteristics is a misconception that leads to stereotyping.

The nurse is helping a client develop a healthy eating pattern without completely eliminating dining at restaurants. What practice can the nurse recommend to help maintain healthy eating habits when dining out?

Eat a small, high-fiber snack an hour before going out to dinner.

Roles of Certain Foods Occasional foods

Eaten sporadically based on an individual's preferences

The nurse participates on the planning of a community health fair. When discussing the choices for the food booths, what should the nurse suggest that takes the different community members' religious practices into consideration?

Eliminate pork or pork-containing meal choices -Since the different religions represented in the community are not specified, the wisest decision would be to eliminate pork or meals containing pork since individuals who follow Orthodox Judaism, Islam, Hinduism, and Buddhism all have a restriction or prohibition of that food item. There is no religious reason to restrict milk-based beverages or limiting beverages. There is no religious reason to use fresh fruit and vegetables in menu items.

Eating out at restaurants has become a regular event. Which statement is accurate about food away from home (FAFH)?

FAFH foods are often more calorically dense. -FAFH tends to consist of more calorically dense foods rather than nutrient dense foods, partly due to higher-fat cooking methods such as frying. FAFH tends to be less healthy than meals at home, including being higher in calories, sodium, sugar, and saturated fat. Meat and soft drinks are more important in FAFH meals, while fruit and milk are rarely consumed in FAFH meals. More frequent consumers of FAFH tend to have less healthy home diets than non-FAFH consumers, suggesting that FAFH diners select less healthy foods regardless of the source.

The nurse is caring for a client who practices Buddhism. Which moral code will the nurse understand dictates the restriction of intoxicants?

Five Moral Precepts

The Buddhist code of morality is given in the Five Moral Precepts. In regard to food, which of the following statements is correct?

Food selections can be a factor in spiritual enlightenment. -Buddhists believe that thoughtful food decisions can contribute to spiritual enlightenment and will ask themselves a series of questions to assess the necessity and input of the food.

The nurse knows that religion influences many aspects of the client's life. Which dietary standard represents permitted foods according to the Islamic religion?

Halal - Halal refers to Islamic dietary standards of lawful or permitted foods. Haram refers to Islamic dietary standards of prohibited or unlawful foods. Many Hindu people are vegetarian because they adhere to the concept of ahimsa, which is nonviolence as it applies to food. Kosher describes foods that are fit for Jewish consumption.

A Roman Catholic client has informed the nurse that the priest is coming to give communion in about 30 minutes. The lunch trays are being passed out on the unit. What action would be appropriate for the nurse at this time?

Hold the client's lunch tray until after the client has received communion. -The nurse should hold the client's tray until communion is over. Roman Catholics avoid food and beverages for 1 hour before communion is taken.

Traditional diets of other cultures differ from the standard American diet. Which component is associated with a traditional diet?

Increased intake of vegetables -Generally, traditional diets are considered healthy because they contain large amounts of plant-based foods. These include foods such as grains, vegetables, legumes, tubers, and fruit. Traditional diets are also characterized by low amounts of foods from animals, such as red meat (Valerino-Perea et al., 2019). However, it is difficult to define traditional diets because actual food choices vary greatly within subgroups on the basis of national, regional, and ethnic differences.

The nurse is providing education about nutrition to a community with a predominantly Hispanic American population. Which nutrition-related health factor is associated with Hispanic or Latino American clients when compared to their non-Hispanic White counterparts?

Increased prevalence of diabetes - Hispanic or Latino Americans are more than twice as likely to develop type II diabetes mellitus when compared to non-Hispanic White people. Despite this, the same group exhibits a longer life expectancy when compared to non-Hispanic White Americans. Increased stroke risk is a nutrition-related health factor that is associated with Black Americans, but not with Hispanic or Latino Americans. Hispanic or Latino American people have a high prevalence of obesity and tend to be less physically active than non-Hispanic Whites.

The nurse is caring for a client whose cultural background values welfare of the group over that of the individual. What nursing intervention would improve communication with this client?

Involve the family in the client's health care decisions. -Each culture has its own point of view on life, health, and illness, and the meaning of each in society. In many cultures, group welfare is valued over individualism. Decisions may be made by the group instead of the individual. To be effective in teaching and communication with a member of such a culture, the nurse would involve the family in planning and emphasize the good of the entire family rather than the benefits for the individual.

Halal is an Arabic word that means lawful or permitted. When used to describe food, it indicates that

Islamic dietary standards have been met, and the food is suitable for observant Muslims.

Haram is an Arabic word that means unlawful or not permitted. When used to describe food it indicates that

Islamic dietary standards have not been met and the food is not suitable for observant Muslims.

When educating a client about nutrition, which statement from the nurse describes food away from home?

It accounts for more than 40% of food spending.

A client asks the nurse about the availability of Kosher foods in the hospital. Kosher describes foods that are fit for consumption by which a client that identifies with which religion?

Jewish - Kosher describes foods that are fit for consumption by Jewish people. Certain species of animals (and their eggs and milk) are allowed, while others are forbidden. Adherants of Orthodox Judaism believe that kosher laws are the direct commandments of God, so they rarely eat outside the home except at homes or restaurants with kosher kitchens. Seventh-Day Adventists are lacto-ovo vegetarians. Buddhism evaluates the origin of the food and how it reached the individual, and Hindu people avoid all foods that are believed to inhibit physical and spiritual development.

Orthodox Jewish people believe that the dietary laws are direct commandments of God and adhere to them closely. Which name references these dietary laws that Orthodox Jewish people follow?

Kashrut

Hispanic or Latino cultures

Largest ethnic minority in U.S. - i.e. Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South/Central America

Food and nutrition rank on the same level as air as basic necessities of life in

Maslow's hierarchy of needs.

The nurse is seeing a client who recently immigrated to the United States. The nurse should not expect to see which of the following as part of the changes in food choices that will occur for this client during the process of acculturation?

New foods replace all traditional foods. -Interrelated changes in food choices that occur as part of acculturation include new foods being added to the diet, some traditional foods being replaced by new foods, and some traditional foods being rejected.

Only unleavened bread is eaten during the celebration of

Passover.

During a home visit the nurse notes that a family of Hispanic descent who immigrated to the United States a few years ago is in the process of acculturation. What did the nurse observe to come to this conclusion?

Prepared frozen pizza for lunch -Dietary acculturation occurs when eating patterns of immigrants change to resemble those of the host country. A study found that dietary acculturation in Mexican Americans leads to some negative effects, such as higher intakes of pizza. Generally, food habits are one of the last behaviors people change through acculturation. Usually, first-generation Americans adhere more closely to cultural food patterns and have at least one native meal daily. For many ethnic groups who move to the United States, breakfast and lunch are most likely to be composed of convenient American foods, whereas traditional foods are retained for the major dinner meal, which has greater emotional significance. During this home visit, the family was eating an American convenience food for lunch but the traditional food items were being prepared for the dinner meal.

Foodway

Refers to all aspects of food including what's edible, role of certain foods, preparation and use of foods, number/timing of daily meals, how food is eaten, and related health beliefs

A client who recently emigrated from another country arrived an hour late for a scheduled diagnostic test and is upset because the test needs to be rescheduled. What should the nurse suspect as the reason for the client's delay?

The client may come from a culture with a different interpretation of time. -In American culture, time dominates. "Being on time" and "not wasting time" are American values. Other traditional cultures place greater emphasis on personal interaction than on strict time management. Since the client is from a different culture, this is the most realistic reason for the client's delay in arriving for the test. It is unlikely that the client did not want to have the test or forgot the time for the test. The client would not have the ability to know if the test is no longer needed because of a change in health status.

Although each culture has their own customs, there is a common element they all share. Which element is common between cultures?

To use food as a way to socialize -Each culture has food customs and bestows symbolism on certain foods. Each culture also determines which foods are used in celebrations. Culture defines that foods are served as meals versus snacks, are used in celebration, provide comfort, are gendered as feminine (e.g., salad) or masculine (e.g., steak), express love, are used to reward or punish, display piety, or express moral sentiments, and demonstrate belongingness to a group or proclaim the separateness of a group.

The Impact of Culture Food preparation

Traditional methods of preparation/seasonings vary between and within cultural groups.

Roles of Certain Foods Secondary foods

Widely consumed but not on a daily basis and vary with availability

The nurse is helping a client make healthier choices when eating at an Italian restaurant. The nurse should encourage the client to avoid which food?

alfredo sauce with the pasta -Best choices when ordering at an Italian restaurant include garden salad with vinegar and oil dressing, vegetables for a side dish instead of pasta, and Italian ice or fruit for dessert. Alfredo sauce would indicate a higher fat content.

In the United States, lifestyle changes have had a dramatic impact on daily food preparation. Meals are often prepared using which of the following?

convenience foods. -According to an online Harris poll conducted in 2010, 75% of people who prepare meals at home either very often or occasionally use pre-prepared and/or frozen ingredients and use kitchen appliances such as microwave ovens and toaster ovens to speed both cooking and clean up.

The time of day that a meal is eaten would be influenced most by which of the following?

culture.

For devout Hindus, foods that are considered to enhance spiritual purity include

dairy products such as milk, yogurt, and ghee (clarified butter).

Food habits are one of the last behaviors people change when assimilating to a new country. The evolution that occurs as immigrants implement eating patterns and food selections of the host country is referred to as which of the following?

dietary acculturation. -Dietary acculturation is the process that occurs as members of a minority group adopt the eating patterns and food choices of the host country.

Kosher is a Hebrew word that means proper or suitable for consumption. It is used to describe foods that meet the

dietary laws set forth in the kashrut, and are permissible for Orthodox Jews to consume.

"Typical American diet" is

difficult to define.

A client who is concerned about developing hypertension asks the nurse what to avoid when eating at a favorite Chinese restaurant. Which food should the nurse recommend the client avoid?

egg rolls -Egg rolls are deep fried and high in saturated fat. The nurse would identify the other food items as better choices.

Driving forces/trends:

expediency/ease, convenience foods/restaurant-sourced meals

The nurse is seeing a client wants to be able to eat out at a Mexican restaurant while adhering to a healthy eating pattern. Which of the following selections would be best for this client when eating out?

fajitas with pico de gallo sauce. -Sauces to choose at Mexican restaurant are salsa, mole, picante, enchilada, and pico de gallo. Fajitas are a best choice that have lots of vegetables and are stir-fried. Chile relleno and flautas are deep fried. Hard shell tacos and sour cream have high fat content.

The nurse is discussing core foods in a nutrition class. The nurse is correct when he defines core foods as which of the following?

food that is included in the diet on a daily basis

The nurse educator is helping students understand secondary foods. Which of the following best describes this concept?

foods that are widespread in the diet but are not eaten consistently. -Secondary foods are widely consumed, but not on a daily basis such as vegetables, legumes, nuts, fish, eggs, and meats. Secondary foods used by a culture vary with availability. For instance, the types of legumes used in Chinese culture include mung beans and soybeans, whereas those used in Latin American culture include black beans and pinto beans.

When working with a client who practices Judaism, the nurse recognizes which of the following CORRECTLY represents the practice of kosher dietary laws?

having meat and dairy at separate meals -Dairy products cannot be eaten with meat. Pork is prohibited, and only fish with fins and scales are allowed.

The nurse is sharing information about the prevalence of health conditions in various cultures. The nurse correctly identifies what disorder as the leading cause of death among Black Americans?

heart disease -Black Americans are more likely to have high blood pressure than members of other populations and less likely to have it under control. This results in a higher rate of heart disease in this cultural population.

The nurse is seeing a client who is first generation Asian American. The nurse might expect to see which of the following negative changes to the client's traditional diet as a result of dietary acculturation?

increase in intake of saturated fat -The effects of acculturation on the traditional Asian American diet is a fat intake increase as fast-food intake has increased

What suggestions to improve eating patterns and increase nutritional value can the nurse make for a client who eats primarily the traditional African American diet?

increasing fruit and vegetable intake -Fruit and vegetable intake is low and based on availability. An increase in the intake of both would positively affect the nutritional value of the diet. Milk consumption could be improved by changing to a low-fat version.

Orthodox Jewish people believe that the laws are the direct commandments of God, so they adhere strictly to dietary laws called the

kashrut (or kashruth).

A client who eats primarily an Indian diet is describing a form of carbohydrate eaten with some meals. The nurse understands this traditional flatbread is called which of the following?

naan -Naan is a bread baked in tandoori ovens traditional in Indian culture.

The nurse educator is preparing material for a nutrition class. The nurse educator correctly includes that foods that are reserved for special occasions or eaten sporadically are referred to as which of the following?

peripheral foods. -Peripheral foods or occasional foods are foods that are infrequently consumed. They may be foods that are reserved for special occasion, not readily available, or not generally well tolerated.

Which of the following foods would NOT be acceptable to serve a client who practices dietary restrictions of lacto-ovo-vegetarianism?

poultry -Lacto-ovo-vegetarians do not consume meat but do include eggs and dairy products in their diets.

The nurse is seeing a client who was born in Mexico but has lived in the United States for 25 years. As a result of acculturation, the client's eating pattern has likely increased in what foods?

processed -Studies on Mexican-born Americans show that the intake of fiber, fruit, legumes, and vegetables decreases with duration of residence in the United States. There is a higher likelihood of consumption of processed foods with length of residence in the U.S..

Adherents of Jainism, a branch of Hinduism, practice complete vegetarianism and avoid certain other foods such as:

root vegetables. -Devout Jains are complete vegetarians and may avoid blood-colored foods and root vegetables.

Stereotyping must be avoided in assessing clients from different cultures. Within any dominant cultural group, individuals exist with distinctive characteristics that affect food intake and nutritional level. The group of such individuals is identified as a:

subgroup. -Subgroups within a culture display a unique range of cultural characteristics that affect food intake and nutritional status.

The nurse received a report that a client being admitted to the unit has not had dinner while in the emergency department. The client is identified as a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints. What item would the nurse omit from a food tray for this client?

tea -Members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints do not use coffee, tea, alcohol, or tobacco. Followers are encouraged to limit meats and consume mostly grains.

The nurse recognizes what type of bread would be served during Passover for a client who is Jewish?

unleavened bread

Hindus commonly avoid foods that are believed to inhibit physical and spiritual development. What is a food that is considered to enhance spiritual purity?

yogurt