Nutrition: Chapter 3 Practice Test

The muscular contractions that move food through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract are called: a. Small Intestine b. Peristalsis c. Villi

B: Peristalsis: Peristalsis are the wavelike muscular contractions of the GI tract that push its contents along.

Water is absorbed in the intestine through which of the following processes? a. Facilitated Diffusion b. Simple Diffusion c. Active Diffusion d. Active Transport

B: SIMPLE DIFFUSION

Which vitamin is produced by bacteria in the GI tract? a. Vitamin A b. Bitamin B12 c. Vitamin C d. Vitamin D

B. VITAMIN B12

Fingerlike projections of the small intestine the recognize and select nutrients the body needs are called: a. Microvilli b. Villi

B. Villi: Villi are thousands of tiny fingerlike projections in the small intestine's inner surface that recognize and select nutrients and regulate absorption.

Which part of the body is located in the throat and guards the trachea entrance to prevent fluid and food from entering it when a person swallows? a. Lumen b. Epiglottis c. Ilium d. Pyloric Sphincter

B: Epiglottis

Which of the following gastrointestinal hormones helps maintain the proper pH of the stomach? a. Cholecystokinin b. Gastrin c. Secretin d. Aldosterone

B: GASTRIN

Which statement accurately describes the absorption of nutrients via facilitated transport? a. It takes place in the large intestine. b. It requires a specific carrier. c. This process is also known as endocytosis. d. This process requires a concentration gradient.

B: It requires a specific carrier.

____________ is a clear fluid that transports fat and fat-soluble vitamins to the flood stream.

LYMPH: Lymph is the clear fluid that transports fat and fat-soluble vitamins from the GI tract to the bloodstream via the lymphatic vessels.

The ______________ system collects fluids from the tissues throughout the body and directs its flow towards the heart.

LYMPHATIC

The ________ muscles allow the contents of the Gi tract to move along at a controlled pace by periodically opening and closing. a. Chyme b. Sphincter c. Duodenum

B. Sphincter: The sphincter muscles, which are located at select spots along the GI tract, periodically open and close, allowing the GI tract contents to move along. For example, the chyme's release into the small intestine is controlled by a sphincter muscle called the pyloric sphincter.

What is a clear fluid that transports fat and fat soluble vitamins to the blood stream called? a. Lymph b. Plasma c. Bile

A. Lymph: Lymph is the clear fluid that transports fat and fat-soluble vitamins from the GI tract to the bloodstream via lymphatic vessels.

Which system is a closed system of vessels through which blood flows? a. Vascular b. Digestive c. Lymphatic

A. Vascular: The vascular system is a closed system of vessels through which blood flows continuously, with the heart serving as the pump.

Which statement accurately describes the role played by the mouth in digestion. a. After a mouthful of food has been chewed and swallowed, it is called a bolus b. The pharynx closes the airway so that choking doesn't occur when swallowing. c. When food is swallowed, it travels through the trachea.

A: A mouthful of food has been chewed and swallowed, it is called a bolus

Starting at the mouth and moving toward the anus, what is the correct order of the organs of the GI tract? a. Esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum b. Throat, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum c. Esophagus, stomach, large intestine, small intestine, rectum

A: Beginning at the mouth and ending at the anus, the correct order of the organs of the GI tract is esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum.

_______ are the tubular glands in the crevices between the villi that secrete intestinal juices into the small intestine. a. Crypts b. Microvilli

A: Crypts

What is the top portion of the small intestine called? a. Duodenum b. Jejunum c. Colon d. Ileum

A: DUODENUM

What is the top portion of the small intestine called? a. Duodenum b. Jejunum c. Ileum

A: Duodenum

The main function of bile is to: a. Emulsify fats b. Digest Carbohydrates

A: Emulsify fats. As an emulsifier, bile's primary function is to prepare fats and oils for digestion. It is produced by the liver, stored in the gallbladder, and released into the small intestine when needed.

Which of the following nutrients takes the longest to digest? a. Fat b. Carbohydrates c. Vitamins d. Minerals

A: Fat

If someone wanted to take a supplement that could improve their digestion, and aid in metabolism by improving nutrient absorption, which of the following would be a good choice? a. Probiotic supplement b. Green tea extract supplement c. Turmeric supplement

A: Probiotic supplement

Form which organ of the GI tract do most of the nutrients get absorbed into the bloodstream? a. Small intestine b. Esophagus c. Stomach d. Rectum e. Large intestine

A: SMALL INTESTINE: The small intestine is the organ where most of the nutrients are absorbed into the blood stream.

The muscular contractions that move food through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract are called: a. Hydrolysis b. Peristalsis

B. PERISTALSIS: Peristalsis are the wavelike muscular contractions of the GI tract that push its content along. Hydrolysis is the addition of water to break down molecules into smaller pieces.

Absorption occurs primarily in the: a. Stomach b. Small Intestine c. Large Intestine

B. Small intestine

If a supplement truly blocked all fat absorption from diet, what could the outcome be? a. Steatorrhea, stool with excess fat content that is bulky, difficult to flush, oily in appearance and foul smelling b. Deficiency in the fat soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K c. All of the above

C. All of the above

Which hormone triggers the release of hydrochloric acid in the stomach? a. Secretin b. Cholecystokinin (CCK) c. Gastrin d. Leptin

C. GASTRIN

Which system collects fluids from tissues throughout the body and directs its flow toward the heart? a. Digestive b. Vascular c. Lymphatic

C. Lymphatic

Which of the following terms applies to the wavelike muscular contractions that move food along the digestive tract? a. Elimination b. Reflux c. Peristalsis d. Absorption

C. Peristalsis

Which of the following is transported via facilitated diffusion in the small intestine? a. Water b. Glucose c. Water-soluble vitamins d. Small lipids

C. WATER-SOLUBLE VITAMINS

At which of the following pH levels do the gastrin-producing cells stop secreting acid into the stomach? a. 2.5 b. 2.0 c. 1.5 d. 3.0

C: 1.5

If a supplement truly blocked all fat absorption from diet, what could the outcome be? a. Steatorrhea, stool with excess fat content that is bulky, difficult to flush, oily in appearance and foul smelling b. Deficiency in the fat soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K c. All of the above

C: ALL OF THE ABOVE

What is the "addition of water to break down molecules into smaller pieces"? a. Sphincter b. Micro Villi c. Hydrolysis

C: Hydrolysis is the addition of water to break down molecules into smaller pieces.

Which of the following organs is the first to receive nutrients that have been absorbed from the digestive tract? a. Heart b. Kidney c. Liver d. Pancreas

C: LIVER

Pancreatic juices aid digestion and absorption by: a. Secreting cholecystokinin b. Secreting salivary enzymes c. Releasing bicarbonate to neutralize gastric acidity d. Producing bile

C: Releasing bicarbonate to neutralize gastric acidity.

In the adult digestive tract, where do lipase break fat into fragments so that it can be absorbed into the lymph? a. Mouth b. Stomach c. Small Intestine d. Large Intestine

C: SMALL INTESTINE

Which of the following is transported via facilitated diffusion in the small intestine? a. Water b. Glucose c. Water-soluble vitamins d. Small lipids

C: Water-soluble vitamins

_____________ is the semi-liquid mass of partly digested food expelled by the stomach into the duodenum.

CHYME

______________ are the tubular glands in the crevice between the cilli that secrete intestinal juices into the small intestine.

CRYPTS

In addition to slightly increasing thermogenesis in the body, what else could 150 mg of caffeine do to a person? a. Increase or create anxious feelings b. Significantly increase heart rate c. Cause or exacerbate sleep issues d. All of the above

D: ALL OF THE ABOVE

Which food is rich in prebiotic? a. Yogurt b. White Rice c. Chicken Breast d. Apples

D: Apples

The gallbladder stores and concentrates: a. Urine b. Gastric Acid c. Insulin d. Bile

D: BILE

Which is true of the inner surface of the small intestine? a. It has a minimal role in food absorption. b. enzymes break fiber into its basic components. c. It produces bile. d. It is covered with projections called villi.

D: It is covered with projections called villi.

Which of the following parts of the intestinal tract prevents the back-flow of food from the stomach into the esophagus? a. Upper Esophageal Sphincter b. Pyloric Sphincter c. Pharynx d. Lower Esophageal Sphincter

D: LOWER ESOPHAGEAL SPHINCTER

Which of the following kinds of nutrients does the lymphatic system carry to the bloodstream? a. Carbohydrates b. Water and water-soluble vitamins c. Proteins d. Large fats and fat-soluble vitamins

D: Large fats and fat-soluble vitamins

Gastrointestinal (GI) bacteria in the body ____________. a. Work better in an acidic environment. b. Have no relationship to an individual's health status. c. Consists of a few species and subspecies d. Produce small amounts of several vitamins.

D: PRODUCES SMALL AMOUNTS OF SEVERAL VITAMINS.

Identify the organ where most of the water gets absorbed into the bloodstream. a. Small intestine b. Esophagus c. Stomach d. Rectum e. Large intestine

E: LARGE INTESTINE: The large intestine is the organ where most water gets absorbed into the bloodstream.

The main function of bile is to:

Emulsify Fats: As an emulsifier, bile's primary function is to prepare fats and oils for digestion. It is produced by the liver, stored by the gallbladder, and released into the small intestine when needed.

Cholecystokinin speeds up the process of digestion. True or False?

FALSE: Fat in the intestine stimulates cells of the intestinal wall to release the hormone cholecystokinin (CCK). This hormone travels by way of the blood to the gallbladder and stimulates it to contract, releasing bile into the small intestine and slowing GI motility.

Excluding fat from the diet is the best and only way to get rid of excess fat on the body because it forces the body to metabolize fat for fuel. True or False?

FALSE: Fat, particularly healthy fats, are important part of a well-balanced, nutritious diet. In addition to being necessary for the absorption of fat soluble vitamins A, D, E, and K, fats help provide prolonged satiety. Additionally, healthy fats, such as omega-3 fatty acids, reduce inflammation, a primary contributing and perpetuating factor of weight problems.

An emulsifier is a substance that prevents fats and water from mixing. True or False?

FALSE: an emulsifier is a substance with both water-soluble and fat-soluble portions that promotes the mixing of oils and fats in a watery solution.

According to the principle of _____________, survival depends on a body's condition staying about the same.

HOMEOSTASIS: homeostasis maintains constant internal conditions (ex. blood chemistry, temperature, and blood pressure) by the body's control system.

All blood leaving the GI tract travels first to the ______________.

LIVER: blood leaving the digestive system goes by way of the hepatic portal vein, which directs blood to the liver.

Absorption occurs primarily in the _____________.

SMALL INTESTINE: Most absorption takes place in the small intestine.

The __________ muscles allow the content of the GI tract to move along at a controlled pace by periodically opening and closing.

SPHINCTER: The sphincter muscles, which are located at select spots along the GI tract, periodically open and close, allowing the GI tract contents to move along. For example, the chyme's release into the small intestine is controlled by a sphincter muscle called the pyloric sphincter.

The _____________ primary function is to churn, mix, and grind food to a liquid mass for passage to the small intestine.

STOMACH

Any weight loss resulting from a supplement claiming to boost metabolism with a patented blend of herbs and 150 mg of caffeine derived from green coffee beans is most likely due to its caffeine content. True or False?

TRUE: Any weight loss that results from taking these supplements would most likely be related to the thermogenic increase from the caffeine content. Weight loss could also occur due to the placebo effect and/or potential diarrhea caused by a blend of herbs that are neither regulated, nor customized by a practitioner educated in herbology, for an individual's specific health needs.

All blood leaving the Gi tract travels first to the liver. True or False?

TRUE: Blood leaving the digestive system goes by way of the hepatic portal vein, which directs blood to the liver.

According to the principal of homeostasis, survival depends on a body's condition staying about the same. True or false?

TRUE: Homeostasis maintains constant internal conditions (e.g. blood chemistry, temperature, and blood pressure) by the body's control systems.

Large fat and fat-soluble vitamins travel through the lymphatic system before making their way into the bloodstream. True or False?

TRUE: Nutrients from the GI tract that enter the lymphatic vessels, large fats and fat-soluble vitamins, ultimately enter the bloodstream.

The gastrointestinal tract extends from the esophagus to the anus. True or False?

TRUE: The gastrointestinal tract is a flexible muscular tube that extends from the esophagus to the anus.

One function of the liver is to detoxify potentially harmful substances before they enter the bloodstream. True or False?

TRUE: The liver defends the body by detoxifying substances that might cause harm and prepares waste products for excretion.

The _____________ system is a closed system of vessels through which blood flows.

VASCULAR: The vascular system is a closed system of vessels through which blood flows continuously, with the heart serving as the pump.

The fingerlike projections of the small intestine that recognizes and selects nutrients the body needs are called ___________.

VILLI: Villi are the thousands of tiny fingerlike projections in the small intestine's inner surface that recognize and select nutrients and regulate their absorption.

What is the semi-liquid mass of partly digested food that is expelled by the stomach into the duodenum called? a. Bolus b. Chyme

b. Chyme