Nutrition Chapter 4-6

T/F: Human cells contain organelles, including ribosomes and mitochondria.

true

________ is a mineral nutrient.

Calcium

Which of the following substances carries cholesterol away from tissues? LDL HDL Insolublefiber Insulin

HDL

________ is the sum of all chemical reactions that occur in living cells.

Metabolism

Table sugar is nearly ________ carbohydrate.

100%

Reggie consumes approximately 3000 kcal/day. According to recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, he should limit his saturated fat intake to fewer than ________ kcal/day.

300

According to the original Nutrition Facts panel on a package of reduced fat cream cheese, a 1 oz serving of the cream cheese supplies 70 kcal; 50 of the kcal are from fat. Based on this information, fat contributes about ________% of total kcal.

71

Christina drinks 1 beer a day. At this level of alcohol consumption, she is ________. an abstainer a moderate drinker an abuser a binge drinker

a moderate drinker

Phyllis recorded her food intake for a week and then used a computerized dietary analysis program to analyze her diet record. According to the results of the analysis, her average daily saturated fat intake was 10% of total calories; her average daily unsaturated fat intake was 35% of total calories; and her average daily cholesterol intake was 250 mg. Based on this information, her total fat intake is ________ the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range.

above

A scientist wants to break down a carbohydrate called "maltose" into its component parts. To accomplish this task, she should ________.

add maltase to a solution that contains maltose

Avi's salivary glands do not secrete amylase. As a result of his condition, his mouth cannot ________.

begin starch digestion

Don recorded his food intake for a week and then used a computerized dietary analysis program to analyze his diet record. According to the results of the analysis, his average daily saturated fat intake was 5% of total calories; his average daily unsaturated fat intake was 12% of total calories; and his average daily cholesterol intake was 350 mg. Based on this information, his total fat intake is ________ the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range.

below

After being absorbed, most lipids become incorporated into ________.

chylomicrons

The primary function of the cardiovascular system is ________.

circulation of blood throughout the body

Blood and blood vessels are primary components of the ________ system.

circulatory

Layla loves to cook, but she is concerned about the effects that certain dietary lipids may have on her health. She wants to prepare foods with fats that are naturally low in saturated fatty acids and high in polyunsaturated fatty acids. Based on this information, which of the following ingredients should she select? Corn oil Coconut oil Lard Butter

corn oil

Which of the following conditions is an autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation and swelling of the intestines? Cystic fibrosis Crohn's disease Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) Peptic ulcer

crohn's disease

Pancreatic amylase ______.

digests starch in the small intestine

An ________ is a compound that speeds up (catalyzes) a chemical reaction.

enyme

Which of the following structures normally prevents swallowed food from entering the larynx and trachea? Tongue Voice box Pharynx Epiglottis

epiglottis

T/F: A mitochondrion is a type of cell found in the human body.

false

T/F: DNA contains coded information that enables human cells to make micronutrients, including as iron and vitamin C.

false

T/F: When the pH of blood is lower than normal, the blood has become more alkaline.

false

T/F:The edges of the tongue do not have any taste buds.

false

For several years, Corey has suffered from intermittent abdominal pain along with bouts of diarrhea and constipation. According to Corey, his "bad guts" worsen whenever he is "stressed out" or eats certain foods, especially raw fruit and baked beans. His doctor has determined that his intestinal tract is not inflamed. Based on this information, Corey probably has ________.

irritable bowel syndrome

________ acid is an essential fatty acid.

linoleic

________ acid is an omega-6 fatty acid.

linoleic

The ________ is an accessory organ of the digestive system.

liver

Which of the following organs relies on enterohepatic circulation to recycle bile salts? Liver Esophagus Brain Thyroid

liver

Coretta has severe chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). To reduce her likelihood of developing heartburn, her physician recommended that she ________.

lose excess body fat

An ________ is a body structure composed of tissues that have related functions.

organ

Tyler smokes cigarettes, drinks excess alcohol, and takes aspirins regularly to treat his headaches. Based on this information, Tyler has a high risk of developing ________.

peptic ulcers

A food has a pH that is higher than the pH of pure water but lower than the pH of an oven cleaning solution. Based on this information, the food is a ________.

raw egg white

Lydia thinks she is 6 weeks pregnant. While she was at a party, she ________, because she did not want to endanger the embryo that was developing inside her body.

refused alcoholic beverages

T/F: According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, adults should keep their trans fat intake as low as possible, while eating a healthy diet.

true

Which of the following foods is a rich source of starch? Seedlessgrapes Chicken livers Sweet potatoes Egg yolks

sweet potatoes

Which of the following groups of foods are sources of starch? Liver, apples, and cheese Eggs, fat-free milk, and corn oil Corn, potatoes and rice Peaches, , and peanuts

Corn, potatoes, and rice

Pearson's mother and father have type 2 diabetes. To reduce his risk of this disease, Pearson should ______. consume a low-fiber diet avoid gaining excess weight reduce his sodium intake to 1500 mg/day increase his animal protein intake to 120 g/day

avoid gaining excess weight

Which of the following foods naturally contains cholesterol? Broccoli Peanuts Sunflower seeds Chicken

chicken

Bernetta has an autoimmune disease that affects salivary glands. As a result of this condition, Bernetta ________.

has trouble swallowing

Marcus has an infection that causes a temporary loss of villi. Based on this information, you would expect Marcus to ________ while he has this illness.

lose weight rapidly

The bladder and kidneys are organs of the ________ system.

urinary

The lining of the small intestine is covered with ________, tiny, finger-like structures that absorb nutrients from food.

villi

April wants to add ________ to her salad, because the food is a naturally rich source of omega-3 fats. walnuts coconut oil cheddar cheese bread cubes

walnuts

Which of the following physiological changes is a result of catabolic chemical reactions? Weight loss as a result of starvation Muscle mass enlargement as a result of lifting weights Weight gain as a result of overeating Bone growth as a result of hormonal stimulation during puberty

weight loss as a result of starvation

Which of the following statements is true? Most animal food s are good sources of carbohydrate. Honey is naturally a rich source of fructose. High-glucose corn syrup is commonly used to sweeten foods, such as regular soft drinks. Sucrose consistsof one molecule of glucose and one molecule of galactose.

Honey is naturally a rich source of fructose.

Which of the following statements is true? Dietary fiberincludes the stringy material found in tough, overcooked meat. Most Americans do not consume enough dietary fiber. Scientistsclassify forms of fiber according to their solubility in oil. Most forms of fiber are comprised of fructose molecules bonded together.

Most Americans do not consume enough dietary fiber.

Which of the following statements is true? After an enzyme catalyzes a chemical reaction, it can no longer function. Most enzymes have names that end with - ase. Enzymes can function under a wide range of environmental conditions, such as pH and temperature. Enzymes can function as electrolytes

Most enzymes have names that end with - ase.

Which of the following statements is true? The gallbladder makes bile and stores the compound in the liver. Older adults generally have fewer taste buds than children. Foods that taste bitter are generally good energy sources because of their high carbohydrate contents. Segmentation enables chyme to move through the esophagus.

Older adults generally have fewer taste buds than children.

Which of the following statements is false? The sense of smell contributes to the sense of taste. Mucus protects the lining of the stomach. Some absorption of alcohol occurs in the stomach. Peristalsis occurs when villi absorb fat.

Peristalsis occurs when villi absorb fat.

Which of the following statements is true? Probiotics are beneficial bacteria that live in the human large intestine. Prebiotics are immature probiotics. Diets that contain a lot of probiotics have been clinically proven to cure colon cancer. Prebiotics are harmful to gut microbiota.

Probiotics are beneficial bacteria that live in the human large intestine.

Steve has pancreatic cancer. As a result of the disease, Steve has a high risk of _______.

diabetes mellitus

The body can make limited amounts of ________ acid from alpha-linoleic acid.

eicosapentaenoic

T/F: Electrons are small, positively charged particles that surround the nucleus of a cell.

false

T/F: Kevin has lactose intolerance, which means he is allergic to lactose.

false

T/F: Maltose is the disaccharide that is in milk.

false

T/F: Peanut oil is a richer source of polyunsaturated fatty acids than high linoleic sunflower seed oil.

false

T/F: People who have lactose intolerance should avoid foods that contain gluten.

false

T/F: When the pH of blood is higher than normal, the blood has become more acidic.

false

Which of the following foods is a good source of omega-3 fatty acids? Flaxseeds Apples Leaf lettuce Fat-free milk

flaxseeds

Which of the following foods or beverages is not a major source of added sugars in American diets? Candy Fresh fruit Energy drinks Cookies

fresh fruit

Which of the following substances is an important dietary monosaccharide for humans? Mannose Fructose Xylose Lactose

fructose

Albert is a healthy, 23-year-old college student. He would like to know more about his risk of cardiovascular disease, so he can take preventive measures, if they are necessary. Albert should ________. test his urine for the presence of glucocorticoids have a lipoprotein profile performed on a sample of his blood undergo cardiac catheterization to determine the ejection factor of his heart have a chest x-ray

have a lipoprotein profile performed on a sample of his blood

Lena's 4-year-old son is not well. He lacks much interest in playing, he has lost weight, his breath has a strange odor, and he seems to be thirsty all the time. Based on this information, Lena should ______.

have her son tested for type 1 diabetes

Certain organs and tissues use ________ to send messages to target cells.

hormones

Which of the following substances is secreted by the human stomach?

hydrochloric acid

The ________ is the third segment of the small intestine.

ileum

Betty is constipated; she generally has bowel movements only twice a week. To help relieve her constipation without taking medications, Betty should ______.

increase her intake of fiber-rich foods

Chronic alcohol abuse ________. causes the heart to shrink increases fat deposits in the abdominal region lowers blood pressure increases the size of the adrenal glands

increases fat deposits in the abdominal region

Leonard has a disease that causes his lacteals to become blocked. Based on this information, his ________.

intestinal tract does not absorb much fat

Adrian's diet supplies only about 10% of his daily energy needs from carbohydrates. Therefore, most of his energy intake is provided by protein and fat. As a result of following this diet, Adrian's cells form more ________ than normal.

ketone bodies

Betty has type 2 diabetes, and she has difficulty keeping her fasting blood glucose level under 180 mg/dl. Based on this information, Betty has a high risk of ______.

kidney failure

Feces form in the ________.

large intestine

Which of the following statements is true? Matter is comprisedof atoms. Protons are negatively charged particles that are in a cell's nucleus. Electrons are positively charged particles. Acids are substances that gain hydrogen ions, when they are dissolved in water

matter is comprised of atoms

Paisley usually has four bowel movements each week. Based on this information, Paisley should ________.

not worry, because she is not constipated

Small amounts of food move through the esophagus by involuntary muscular movements called ________.

peristalsis

Which of the following foods is a source of cholesterol? Organiccarrots Rolled oats Pork steak High-fructose cornsyrup

pork steak

Melania's fasting blood glucose level consistently is between 102 and 113 mg/dl. Based on this information, she has ______.

pre-diabetes

Chyme is the ________.

semisolid liquid formed by the partial digestion of food in the stomach

Which of the following foods is a rich source of prebiotics? Soybeans Eggs Yogurt Butter

soybeans

Which of the following organs is not an accessory organ of the digestive system? Liver Spleen Pancreas Tongue

spleen

Adipose cells ________.

store triglycerides

T/F: Antibiotic use can disrupt the normal balance and diversity of microbes in human intestinal tract.

true

Which of the following foods is a naturally rich source of omega-3 fatty acids? Ground beef Whole-wheat bread Fried chicken Tuna fish

tuna fish

Which of the following statements is true? Sucrose suppliesmore energy, gram per gram, than starch. Sucrose is a source of glucose. Sucrose has no nutritional value. Sucrose is comprised of two glucose molecules.

Sucrose is a source of glucose.

Glycogen is composed of ________ molecules.

glucose

A scientist has isolated a chemical compound that is partially soluble in water. The chemical helps keep water-soluble substances mixed with fats. When analyzing the composition of the chemical, the scientist determined that in addition to carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, the compound contains nitrogen and phosphorus atoms. Based on this information, the compound is a(an) ________.

phospholipid

A scientist has isolated a fatty acid that has 26 carbons. Most of the carbon atoms in the fatty acid chain are connected by single bonds, except there is a double bond between the number 3 and 4 carbons as well as the number 9 and 10 carbons. The only other elements in the compound are hydrogen and oxygen. Based on this information, the compound is a ________ fatty acid.

polyunsaturated

When muscle cells have more glucose than they need for energy, they may store some of the excess as ______. glycogen ketone bodies certain B vitamins fiber

glycogen

Which of the following statements is true? Food fat is not asource of essential nutrients. Fat contributes tothe flavor of foods. Each gram of fat contributes 4 kcal. Adding fat to a food reduces the food's "mouth feel."

Fat contributes to the flavor of foods

Until recently, Victoria was a healthy, energetic 3-year-old. A couple of weeks ago, her parents noticed that she does not want to play, and she seems to be tired all of the time. Additionally, Victoria has been unusually thirsty and "wets the bed" at night. Based on this information, Victoria's parents should have their daughter evaluated for ______.

type 1 diabetes

Amanda consumes approximately 2500 kcal/day. According to recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, she should limit her saturated fat intake to fewer than ________ kcal/day.

250

Emma's usual diet provides 2000 kcal daily. To obtain 55% of her total energy intake from carbohydrates, she should consume ________ grams of carbohydrates daily.

275

Which of the following statements is true? When cells have plenty of glucose to metabolize for energy, they store dietary fat instead of use it for energy. Foods that are high in simple sugars are fattening because they usually contain a lot of protein. People can gain body fat when they consume more micronutrients in relation to their macronutrient intakes. High-fiber diets are associated with greater weight gain in adults, because fiber-rich foods are less filling than foods that contain sugars.

When cells have plenty of glucose to metabolize for energy, they store dietary fat instead of use it for energy.

Which of the following foods has a high glycemic index (70 or more)? Vanilla, low-fat ice cream Baked Russet potato Raw apple slices Peanuts

baked russet potato

Which of the following nutrients is made by gut microbiota?

biotin

Which of the following nutrients is made by gut microbiota? Biotin Sodium Potassium Bile

biotin

The back (rear) portion of your tongue is very sensitive to foods that taste ________.

bitter

Joshua has type 2 diabetes, and he does not control his blood glucose levels. As a result of his lack of control, which of the following conditions is he most likely to develop?

blindness

A primary function of the digestive system is the ________.

breakdown of food into nutrients

Carter wants to lower his blood cholesterol level. Based on this information, he should limit his intake of ________.

butter and beef

The ________ is the smallest living functional unit in an organism.

cell

Which of the following physical characteristics or health conditions is a sign of metabolic syndrome? Waist circumference that measures 33 inches Body temperature that is over 101°F Stomach ulcers that bleed Blood pressure that is consistently higher than normal

Blood pressure that is consistently higher than normal

Triglycerides have ________ in their chemical structures.

fatty acids

Jillian drinks a couple of beers and smokes over a pack of cigarettes daily. Even though she's about 40 pounds overweight, she likes to wear tight-fitting clothes. Based on this information, Jillian has a high risk of developing ________.

gastroesophageal reflux disease

A substance has a pH that is lower than the pH of household bleach but higher than the pH of egg whites. Based on this information, the substance is ________.

milk of magnesia

Mike likes to drink a commercially prepared milk-based beverage. According to the label, the flavored milk contains 2% milk, water, high-fructose corn syrup, molasses, vegetable oil, saccharin, and natural vanilla flavoring. The ________ in this beverage are its sources of carbohydrate.

molasses, 2% milk, and high-fructose corn syrup

Which of the following compounds is not secreted by the human stomach? Bile Hydrochloricacid Mucus Gastric juice

bile

Which of the following foods is a naturally rich source of omega-3 fatty acids? Canned salmon Whole-wheat bread Fried chicken Roast beef

canned salmon

Phosphorus, potassium, and sodium are ________.

elements

Which of the following substances is (are) secreted by the human stomach?

gastric juice

Which of the following physiological changes is a result of catabolic chemical reactions? Bone growth that occurs during adolescence Muscle mass enlargement that occurs after lifting weights Weight gain that occurs after 3 weeks of overeating Muscle loss that normally occurs in older adults

muscle loss that normally occurs in older adults