Nutrition Chapter 5

The distinguishing feature of amino acids is the amine group. This nitrogen source is not present in carbohydrates, but is present in fats and many vitamins. A. Both statements are true. B. Both statements are false. C. The first statement is true; the second is false. D. The first statement is false; the second is true.

First statement true, second statement false

Tissue building, maintenance, and repair are physiologic roles of proteins and carbohydrates, because both nutrients provide essential amino acids necessary for these functions. A. Both the statement and the reason are correct and related. B. Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related. C. The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct. D. The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct. E. Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

Neither the statement nor reason are correct

. The type of vegetarian most at risk for nutrient deficiencies is the: A. vegan. B. lacto-ovovegetarian. C. ovovegetarian. D. pollovegetarian. E. semivegetarian.

VEGAN

Each of the following is true of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) except one. Which one is the exception? A. sIgA levels are depressed in malnourished children. B. sIgA is present is rarely found in the oral cavity. C. This secretion provides the first line of defense in the oral cavity. D. sIgA is present in nasal, intestinal and other mucosal secretions.

slgA is present and rarely found in oral cavity (this is NOT true)

Each of the following groups of individuals is susceptible to insufficient intake of protein except one. Which one is the exception? A. The elderly B. Individuals with low income C. Adults participating in endurance exercise D. Patients who are chronically ill

Adults participating in endurance exercise

While counseling a patient who wishes to lose weight and eat a more healthy diet, a dental hygienist would recommend each of the following except one. Which one is the exception? A. Include two servings every day of food that supply n-3 fats. B. Calcium-fortified fruit juice counts as a calcium-rich food, but not as a serving in the fruit group. C. Adequate vitamin D can be obtained through sun exposure, fortified foods, or supplements. D. Eat a variety of protein foods including unsalted nuts and seeds. E. When possible, substitute beans for at least half of the meat in burritos, pasta, stir fry and the like.

B. Calcium fortified fruit juices count as calcium rich food, but not a fruit group

In most cases, digestibility and nutritional value are adversely affected by cooking procedures. Although cooking makes egg albumin more readily digestible, cooking soybeans decreases amino acid bioavailability. A. Both statements are true. B. Both statements are false. C. The first statement is true; the second is false. D. The first statement is false; the second is true.

BOTH FALSE!

Patients with periodontal disease might require increased protein intake because the physiologic response to inflammation and infection can negatively affect protein synthesis. A. Both the statement and the reason are correct and related. B. Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related. C. The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct. D. The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct. E. Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

BOTH are CORRECT and RELATED!

MyPlate recommends 3 oz of cooked lean meat, poultry, or fish daily. A small chicken drumstick or thigh is equivalent to 3 oz of meat. A. Both statements are true. B. Both statements are false. C. The first statement is true; the second is false. D. The first statement is false; the second is true.

Both statements are FALSE!

An essential amino acid is essential for the body, but is not required in the diet. A nonessential amino acid is not essential for the body, but it contributes to protein formation in various ways. A. Both statements are true. B. Both statements are false. C. The first statement is true; the second is false. D. The first statement is false; the second is true.

Both statements are FALSE. (Essential amino comes from diet. Nonessential is made by body)

Poor nutrition results in delayed eruption and exfoliation of deciduous teeth and increased dental caries. Increased caries susceptibility in at-risk children may be related to changes in salivary composition caused by malnutrition. A. Both statements are true. B. Both statements are false. C. The first statement is true; the second is false. D. The first statement is false; the second is true.

Both statements are TRUE

Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) may be responsible for increased incidence of noma and necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG), because these conditions are associated with depressed immune responses caused by nutritional deficiencies. A. Both the statement and the reason are correct and related. B. Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related. C. The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct. D. The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct. E. Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

Bother the statement and reasons are CORRECT and RELATED.

Each of following is a characteristic manifestation of necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG) except one. Which is the exception? A. Gingival erythema B. Necrosis of interdental papilla C. Marasmus D. Metallic taste and foul odor

C. Marasmus

Each of the following statements about protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) is true except for one. Which one is the exception? A. PEM is usually accompanied by other nutritional deficiencies. B. PEM affects the whole body . C. PEM during prenatal and postnatal stages can be reversed through proper nutrition during early childhood. D. PEM can be caused by impaired digestion or absorption of protein.

C. PEM CANNOT be reversed in early childhood...

Prognosis for a protein-deficient patient undergoing periodontal surgery is reduced because excess nitrogen reduces the ability of the periodontium to withstand stress of surgery. A. Both the statement and the reason are correct and related. B. Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related. C. The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct. D. The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct. E. Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

C. Statement is CORRECT, reason is INCORRECT

Each of the following combinations of plant proteins creates a complete protein except one. Which one is the exception? A. Black beans and rice B. Peanut butter sandwich C. Macaroni and cheese D. French toast E. Cereal and cow's milk

Cereal and cows milk

The substance that is most supportive of bones and teeth is: A. hemoglobin. B. collagen. C. insulin. D. pepsin.

Collagen

In a 2-oz cooked serving, which food supplies the least protein? A. Light meat chicken B. Dark meat chicken C. Lean pork chop D. Lean cut of beef

Dark meat chicken

If a low-quality protein is the only protein source ingested, it cannot support life or normal growth. High-quality proteins are well balanced in their essential amino acid content. A. Both statements are true. B. Both statements are false. C. The first statement is true; the second is false. D. The first statement is false; the second is true.

First statement FALSE, second statement TRUE

During some food processing procedures, the amino acid lysine is bound to the protein within cereal. This fortification procedure increases bioavailability of protein from the cereal. A. Both statements are true. B. Both statements are false. C. The first statement is true; the second is false. D. The first statement is false; the second is true.

First statement is TRUE, second statement is FALSE

Which food is most likely to contribute to protein deficiency? A. Milk B. Legumes C. Meat D. Cheese E. Eggs

Legumes

An edentulous patient dislikes eating meat. What substitutions could the dental hygienist suggest to provide the most protein intake? A. Milk B. Grains C. Fruits D. Vegetables

MILK!

Per kilogram of body weight, which group has the lowest RDA for protein? A. Infants B. Children C. Pregnant women D. Men

Men

Each of the following is a manifestation of protein deficiency except one. Which one is the exception? A. Frequent or extended periods of fasting B. Medications that cause anorexia C. Abnormal food intake D. Oily hair

Oily hair

The physiologic role of proteins includes all categories except one. Which one is the exception? A. Resistance to disease B. Regulation of fluid balance C. Energy D. Repair of tissue E. Primary source of energy

Primary source of energy (NOT a role of protein - but is a role for carb)

Each of the following statements are true of the physiologic role of protein except one. Which one is the exception? A. The amount of essential amino acid furnished by a food determines its ability to support growth. B. Protein is present in muscle and connective tissue cells only. C. Body proteins are continuously being broken down and replaced. D. Amino acids and proteins are constituents of hormones, enzymes, and other body secretions.

Protein is present in muscle and connective tissues cells only (SO not true!)

In patients with liver and kidney disease, increased levels of protein are recommended because these organs require continual cellular and tissue rebuilding that only protein can provide. A. Both the statement and the reason are correct and related. B. Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related. C. The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct. D. The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct. E. Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

Statement and reason NOT CORRECT

. The intake of 193 g/day of protein is the highest level recommended, because consumption above this level can jeopardize adequate intakes of nutrients form other food sources. A. Both the statement and the reason are correct and related. B. Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related. C. The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct. D. The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct. E. Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

Statement and reason are CORRECT and RELATED

During protein deficiency, a decreased amount of protein in the blood causes an accumulation of fluids within the blood vessels because a loss of osmotic balance occurs. A. Both the statement and the reason are correct and related. B. Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related. C. The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct. D. The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct. E. Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

Statement is NOT CORRECT, reason is CORRECT

Amino acids combine with each other to form polypeptides which are components of food and body proteins. The number of amino acids in a protein varies between 10 and 25, but each protein has a specific number. A. Both statements are true. B. Both statements are false. C. The first statement is true; the second is false. D. The first statement is false; the second is true.

The first statement is TRUE, the second is FALSE

Macaroni and cheese is an example of contributory proteins, because the deficiencies in amino acids of one component are offset by the adequacies of another. A. Both the statement and the reason are correct and related. B. Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related. C. The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct. D. The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct. E. Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

The statement is NOT CORRECT but the reason is CORRECT.

The chemical structure of proteins is different from that of fats and carbohydrates because proteins contain nitrogen but not carbon. A. Both the statement and the reason are correct and related. B. Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related. C. The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct. D. The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct. E. Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.

The statement is correct but the reason is not correct

Although it is controversial as to whether high-protein diets are excessive in content, scientific research has established each of the following facts except one. Which one is the exception? A. Less muscle is lost with higher protein diets. B. Satiation is increased. C. Thermogenesis is decreased. D. Energy efficiency is decreased.

Thermogenesis is decreased (NOT established!)

A patient presents the following meal pattern of a typical day. This individual is most likely what type of vegetarian? Breakfast 1 medium orange ¾ cup oatmeal ¼ cup sliced almonds 1 tsp margarine 1 cup soy milk Lunch 1 cup cooked black beans 1 6-inch tostada 2 slices of tomato 1 leaf of lettuce 1 medium banana 1 cup soy milk Dinner 1½ cups bean soup 1 cup raw spinach leaves 1 slice rye bread 1 tsp margarine 1 cup pears 1 cup soy milk A. Vegan B. Lacto-ovovegetarian C. Ovovegetarian

Vegan

Sources of vitamin B12 include each of the following except one. Which one is the exception? A. Nutritional yeast B. Fortified soy milk C. Cow's milk D. Eggs E. Walnuts

Walnuts!

Analysis of a vegan's diet reveals that the patient has not been consuming any vitamin B12. As an intervention, each of the following would be appropriate to suggest except one. Which one is the exception? A. Brewer's yeast B. White chicken breast C. Soy-fermented tempeh D. Fortified breakfast cereal

White chicken breast (is NOT full of B12!)