Nutrition Exam 1
According to MyPlate, Chloe should consume 2½ cups of vegetables daily. After eating 1½ cups of cooked carrots, string beans, and broccoli, she decided to fulfill the USDA's recommendation for daily servings of vegetables by drinking some vegetable juice. Based on this information, Chloe should drink ________ of the juice. 1½ cups ½ cup 1 cup 2 cups
1 cup
A serving of food supplies 99 kcal from fat. Based on this information, how many grams of fat are in the serving? 25 11 33 9
11
An 8-ounce serving of a beverage contains 250 ml water, 30 g sugar, 3 mg caffeine, and 3 g alcohol. This amount of the beverage supplies ________ kcal. 186 91 176 141
141
Donovan wants to consume 3 cups of dairy products daily. According to the USDA, which of the following foods should he eat to replace 1 cup of milk? 1.5 cups baked beans 4 oz American cheese 2 cups cottage cheese 1.5 oz cream cheese
2 cups cottage cheese
According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, healthy people should limit their sodium intake to ________ mg/day. 300 4300 2300 1000
2300
A serving of food contains 20 g fat, 2 g protein, 5 g carbohydrate, 5 g alcohol, and 1000 mg potassium. Based on this information, a serving of this food supplies ________ kcal. 423 243 440 200
243
The recommended dose of a vitamin is 2 mg. Based on this information, a megadose of the vitamin would be ________. 5 mg 10mcg 40mcg 25mg
25mg
________ can be classified as a dietary supplement. Wheat germ Chewing tobacco Bitter orange Red wine
Bitter orange
Which of the following substances is a phytochemical? Glucose Caffeine Pantothenic acid Zinc
Caffeine
A serving of food supplies 18 g protein, 20 g carbohydrate, 7 g fat, 18 mg vitamin E, 2 mg iron, and 100 g water. Which of the following statements is true about a serving of the food? Fat provides about 75% of total calories. Fat provides the most food energy. Vitamin E provides about 10% of the food energy. Carbohydrate provides the most food energy.
Carbohydrate provides the most food energy.
Which of the following foods is not nutrient dense? Chocolate cookies Romaine lettuce Fresh strawberries Orange juice
Chocolate cookies
Which of the following factors has a major influence over a person's food choices? Birth order Close friends Vitamin A status Blood type
Close Friends
According to results of a researcher's epidemiological study, diets that supply higher than recommended amounts of empty calories are associated with a higher than average risk of a chronic disease that affects the large intestine. This finding is an example of a(an) _______ correlation. Prospective In-Vitro Inverse(Negative) Direct(Positive)
Direct (Positive)
Scientists would like to conduct a study to identify lifestyle factors that are associated with delayed physical growth among a group of low-income American children. Which of the following research designs would be the best for the researchers to use when designing their study? Double-blind Epidemiological Human in-vivo experimental Interventional
Epidemiological
The ________ is responsible for ensuring the safety and effectiveness of medications. FDA EPA NRC FTC
FDA
A dietary supplement is a natural product that can be taken by mouth, injected into the bloodstream, or rubbed on skin. True False
False
Which of the following statements is true? People who describe themselves as nutritionists are registered dietitians or registered dietitian nutritionists. In general, registered dietitians are reliable sources of nutrition information. In the UnitedStates, a person can obtain a Ph.D. in nutrition only by graduating from an accredited institution of higher learning. Pseudoscience is the practice of medicine without proper training and credentials.
In general, registered dietitians are reliable sources of nutrition information.
Which of the following statements is true? In some regions of the United States, the traditional African heritage diet may contain unhealthy amounts of sodium and solid fat. According to Jewish dietary laws, caffeinated beverages should not be consumed. The typical Asian diet usually includes plenty of milk and milk products. According toIslamic dietary laws, chicken is a prohibited food.
In some regions of the United States, the traditional African heritage diet may contain unhealthy amounts of sodium and solid fat.
Which of the following periodicals features peer-reviewed articles? Ladies Home Journal National Geographic Magazine Journal of the American Medical Association Men's Journal
Journal of the American Medical Association
Which of the following nutrients is a micronutrient? Protein Water Fat Magnesium
Magnesium
Before she shops for groceries, Terry plans several nutritionally adequate daily menus for her family. Which of the following guides is the best menu-planning tool for her to use? Daily Values Basic Four Food Groups MyPlate Recommended Dietary Allowances
MyPlate
Which of the following statements is true? Most Americans should consume 150% of the RDA or AI for each nutrient. The Recommended Dietary Allowance is the amount of a nutrient that is required by humans. Nutritional standards are often used to evaluate the nutritional adequacy of diets. A nutrient requirement is the maximum amount that results in optimal nutritional status.
Nutritional standards are often used to evaluate the nutritional adequacy of diets.
Which of the following kinds of studies would be the best to use when designing a scientific investigation to determine whether there is an association between consuming diets high in sodium during adolescence and developing high blood pressure in adulthood? Experimental study Single-blind study Double-blind study Observational epidemiological study
Observational epidemiological study
Jorge weighs 153 pounds. What is his approximate weight in kilograms? 90 kg 337 kg 80 kg 70 kg
Pounds divided by 2.2 = Kilograms 70kg
Which of the following menu items has primary ingredients that represent all MyPlate food groups? Ready-to-eat cereal with strawberries, blueberries, wheat germ, and fat-free milk Salad made hard-cooked eggs, grapes, leaf lettuce, cooked pasta, and cheddar cheese Sandwich made with Swiss cheese, cooked ham, mayonnaise, and two slices of buttered whole-wheat bread Smoothie made with vanilla yogurt, fat-free milk, orange juice, wheat germ, and fresh peaches
Salad made hard-cooked eggs, grapes, leaf lettuce, cooked pasta, and cheddar cheese
Which of the following foods is the most nutrient dense per serving? Grape drink French fries Soy milk Olive oil
Soy milk
Which of the following statements is true? The FDA can recall a dietary supplements when there is evidence that it is harmful. Medicinal herbs must undergo testing for safety and effectiveness by the FDA before they can be marketed. The EPA regulates the labeling of dietary supplements. Manufacturers of dietary supplements must inform the FTC about negative health reports that may have resulted from the use of their products.
The FDA can recall a dietary supplements when there is evidence that it is harmful.
According to some nutrition scientists, fiber is a key beneficial nutrient. true false
True
Jemma, who is 7 months pregnant, suffers from chronic undernutrition. Based on this information, she has a higher than average risk of a difficult labor and delivering a baby with serious health problems. True False
True
Which of the following substances is not a macronutrient? Carbohydrate Protein Vitamin C Fat
Vitamin C
Which of the following substances is a nutrient that does not supply any energy for the human body? Fat Alcohol Vitamin D Carbohydrate
Vitamin D
Which of the following nutrients is a micronutrient? Fat Cholesterol Vitamin E Water
Vitamin E
Which of the following substances is a nutrient that does not provide any energy for the human body? Alcohol Water Protein Carbohydrate
Water
Which of the following observations is an example of a positive correlation? When members of a population consume fewer fruits and vegetables, their risk of high blood pressure increases. When women gain less weight than average during pregnancy, the birthweights of their babies tend to be lower than average. When a population's intake of green tea increases, the percentage of lung cancer cases in that population decreases. When a group of children increases their physical activity levels, the percentage of the children who contract cold infections decreases.
When women gain less weight than average during pregnancy, the birthweights of their babies tend to be lower than average.
The professional football star Andro "The Man" McGraw claims the dietary supplement AminoProFixate helped him build muscle mass quickly and safely. His paid endorsement of the product is an example of ________. peer review a testimonial a scientifically valid claim unbiased reporting
a testimonial
A serving of food contains 3 g alcohol, 6 mg cholesterol, 500 ml water, 25 g fat, 5 g protein, and 38 g carbohydrate. Based on this information, a serving of this food supplies ________ kcal. 392 418 636 575
alcohol x 7 fat x 4 protein, carbs x 4 418
After examining a patient, a health care practitioner tells the patient that her mild back pain is caused by poor flow of energy from her mind to her back. The practitioner treats the patient with acupuncture, ginseng, and massage therapy. Based on this information, the practitioner's treatments indicate that he relies on ________. placebo-based health care integrative medicine alternative health care conventional medicine
alternative health care
A substance that can protect a person's cells from being damaged or destroyed by certain harmful factors is a(an) ________. micronutrient phytochemical oxidizing agent antioxidant
antioxidant
A team of biologists is using scientific methods to develop chickens that lay eggs, which supply 20% more healthy fat than the eggs that chickens currently lay. If the team's effort is successful, the eggs will be an example of a ______ food. minimally-processed sustainable synthetically-fabricated bioengineered
bioengineered
Debra is in her 7th month of pregnancy. Before she became pregnant, she didn't care about the nutritional quality of her food choices. She didn't make any effort to improve her poor diet after she learned that she was pregnant. Debra generally eats what is cheap, tastes good, and is convenient.Based on this information, she is undernourished and likely to ________. give birth a couple of weeks later than expected deliver a baby with vitamin C toxicity bleed excessively after delivering her baby give birth to a high-birth-weight baby
bleed excessively after delivering her baby
A researcher wants to identify lifestyle factors that increase the risk of stomach cancer in men. His study design involves enrolling 250 men who have stomach cancer and 250 men who are cancer-free but have similar characteristics and backgrounds as the men who have stomach cancer. The researcher collects and analyzes information about each participant's lifestyle. Based on this information, what kind of study is the researcher conducting? Case-control Cohort Experimental In-vivo
case-control
According to one of the selected messages of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, ________ should be consumed in amounts that are as low as possible while following a healthy diet. dietary supplements grilled legumes cholesterol potassium-rich foods
cholesterol
According to the observations of a nutrition scientist, laboratory mice are healthier when their diet contains physiological levels of vitamin D than when their diet lacks the micronutrient. The scientist hypothesizes that mice will be less likely to develop cancer when they consume a diet that supplies megadoses of vitamin D. Based on this information, the scientist is ready to ________. set up an experimental epidemiological study to test the vitamin D and cancer hypothesis in mice plan a retrospective study involving at least 5,000 laboratory mice to test the vitamin D and cancer hypothesis in mice conduct a controlled laboratory experiment to test the vitamin D and cancer hypothesis in mice design a double-blind study to test the vitamin D and cancer hypothesis in mice
conduct a controlled laboratory experiment to test the vitamin D and cancer hypothesis in mice
As a population increases its consumption of whole-grain and minimally-processed foods, the number of people in that population who have bowel movements every day increases. This situation is an example of a(an) _______ relationship. inverse (negative) direct (positive) prospective cause and effect
direct (positive)
A group of scientists would like to determine lifestyle factors that are associated with the development of asthma among American children. Based on this information, the researchers should design a(an)________ study. epidemiological in-vivo conventional double-blind
epidemiological
When using the MyPlate website's MyPlate Plan to plan your menus, it is not necessary to provide information about your ethnic background. age. sex. physical activity level.
ethnic background.
Today's Americans consume more ________ than in 1970. fruits and vegetables chicken eggs red meat fluid milk
fruits and vegetables
Jaelyn is in her 6th month of pregnancy. Her diet is poor because she rarely pays attention to her food choices, and she eats a limited variety of foods that she likes. According to her doctor, Jaelyn is "chronically undernourished." Based on this information, Jaelyn is likely to ________. deliver a baby who has no serious health problems give birth to a high-birth-weight baby give birth at least four weeks earlier than expected deliver a baby with type 1 diabetes
give birth at least four weeks earlier than expected
The Tolerable Upper Intake Level for a nutrient is the precise amount proven to cure the nutrient's deficiency disorder in humans. amount that meets the nutrient needs of 98% of the population. highest average amount that is unlikely to harm most people when consumed daily. minimum amount of the nutrient that can be tolerated on an empty stomach when consumed as a dietary supplement.
highest average amount that is unlikely to harm most people when consumed daily.
Monique is a 19-year-old college student who would like to follow a Mediterranean diet pattern instead of her typical "western" diet. Based on this information, Monique should increase her red meat intake. increase her intake of fruit. eat fewer beans and peas. decrease her intake of fish and seafood.
increase her intake of fruit.
A group of registered dietitian nutritionists is planning to conduct a scientific study to investigate the effects of eating honey on school-age children's behavior. At first, the researchers will ________. gather data analyze the hypothesis make observations identify relationships between variables
make observations
When using the MyPlate website's MyPlate Plan to plan your menus, it is not necessary to provide information about your occupation sex physical activity level age.
occupation
Food guides usually classify sunflower and other seeds in the ________ group. empty calories protein-rich foods fruit and vegetable dairy products
protein-rich foods
Kayla was a participant in a clinical study to determine how much vitamin C cures scurvy, the vitamin's deficiency disease. During the study, Kayla consumed only a formula diet that was nutritionally complete, except it did not contain vitamin C. Within a few weeks, Kayla developed scurvy. At that point, researchers gave 2 mg vitamin C to Kayla each day for a week, but her signs and symptoms of scurvy remained. In the weeks that followed, the scientists continued to increase Kayla's intake of the vitamin by 2 mg/week. After a week of taking 10 mg of vitamin C/day, Kayla reported feeling much better. Based on this information, the researchers concluded that Kayla's requirement for vitamin C was 10 mg. RDA for vitamin Cis 10 mg, plus 15 mg as a margin of safety. EER for vitamin C was about 10 mg. AI for vitamin C was 100 mg, which is 10 times that amount that cured her case of scurvy.
requirement for vitamin C was 10 mg.
A group of nutrition researchers interviews 100 adults who have chronic high blood pressure to determine whether there is an association between consuming diets low in calcium during adolescence and developing high blood pressure in adulthood. This study is an example of a ________ study. case-control macrosomatic retrospective prospective
retrospective
Eating diets that contain high amounts of certain kinds of fat raise the risk of developing heart disease. Thus, a diet that supplies an excessive amount of such fats is a ________ for heart disease. hypothetical variable risk factor nutritional determinant dietary modulator
risk factor
Some food guides classify dried beans and peas with low-fat dairy products. fruits and fruit drinks. foods that are sources of empty calories. seeds and nuts.
seeds and nuts.
Beka is a 24-year-old woman who wants to follow the recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. She typically consumes about 4300 mg sodium/day, 2500 mg potassium/day, and150mg cholesterol/day. Furthermore, her added sugar intake is 8% of her total daily calorie intake, and saturated fat comprises about 9% of her daily calorie intake. According to this information, she should reduce her consumption of saturated fat. cholesterol. sodium. potassium-rich foods.
sodium
Theodore is an 18-year-old college student who would like to improve his health by following a Mediterranean diet pattern instead of his current "western" diet. Based on this information, he should eat more poultry and eggs. substitute legumes for cheeses. drink less milk and more wine. substitute pork and lamb for fish and seafood.
substitute legumes for cheeses.
Actress Lotta Talent appears in commercials endorsing a dietary supplement containing a substance from dandelions for weight loss. Her paid endorsement is an example of a(an) ________. anecdote factoid purport testimonial
testimonial
According to the FDA, a packaged food can contain 0.4 grams of fat per serving and still display the "fat free" nutrient content claim on its label. false true
true
In general, food guides do not group ________ with dairy foods. frozen yogurt pudding made with fat-free milk whipped cream ice cream
whipped cream
A serving of food supplies 25 g carbohydrate, 12 g protein, 400 ml water, 25 mg vitamin B-6, and 8 g fat. According to this information, how many kilocalories are in a serving of this food? 182 152 212 220
x 4 or fat x 9 220
The host of a radio program makes a "red flag" claim about a nutrition-related product, because the claim is generally an indication that the information about the product is unreliable. The radio program host said, ________. All ingredients in this product have been scientifically tested and clinically proven" "The ingredients in this product are listed on the label" "According to the FDA, this product is classified a dietary supplement, because it contains vitamins" "This product contains sugar and certain artificial color and flavor additives"
All ingredients in this product have been scientifically tested and clinically proven"
Which of the following kinds of studies would be the best to use when investigating whether cigarette smoking influences weight gain? Conventional Single-blind Double-blind Cohort
Cohort
A serving of food supplies 22 g carbohydrate, 8 g fat, 23 g protein, 120 mcg vitamin A, and 150 ml water. Which of the following statements is true about a serving of the food? Fat provides the least food energy. Carbohydrate provides the most food energy. Carbohydrate provides the least food energy. Fat provides the most food energy.
Fat provides the least food energy.
Dorrie wants to eat a food that is a good source of fiber and phytochemical. Based on this information, which of the following foods would you recommend? Dairy foods Organic chicken Green beans Brown eggs
Green beans
Which of the following statements is true? Organic food is more nutritious than foods that contain conventionally-grown ingredients. Organic milk is from cows that are not given hormones to increase milk production or antibiotics. A food that contains at least 90% organic ingredients can be labeled "100% certified organic." A food label cannot include the organic symbol if it contains any detectable amount of nonorganic ingredients.
Organic milk is from cows that are not given hormones to increase milk production or antibiotics.
A group of scientists conducts a scientific study to investigate dietary factors that influence the development of obesity. Which of the following activities is not likely to be a component of their research efforts? Making observations and formulating a hypothesis Submitting an article describing the study to a peer-reviewed journal Collecting data and analyzing results Posting findings at the main researcher's Internet web site
Posting findings at the main researcher's Internet web site
Which of the following nutrients is a source of energy for human cells? Iron Cholesterol Vitamin D Protein
Protein
A popular women's magazine has an article about the health benefits of consuming calcium-rich foods. If the article's author has the credentials ________ after his or her name, the article is likely to be a reliable source of nutrition information. MD PhD RDN DRN
RDN
Which of the following statements is true? Scientific evidence supports the effectiveness of most forms of alternative health care. The RDN credential is legally protected. A person with a PhD who promotes drinking vinegar as the cure for lung cancer is practicing conventional medicine. Disclaimers are clues that a product will meet your expectations or the manufacturer's claims.
The RDN credential is legally protected
Which of the following statements is true? The adult AMDR for carbohydrates is 45 to 65% of total energy intake. Nutrient requirements are the same, regardless of a person's age or sex. Recommended DietaryAllowances meet the nutrient needs of 50% of healthy people. A group of scientists at the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics developed the DRIs.
The adult AMDR for carbohydrates is 45 to 65% of total energy intake.
Which of the following statements is true? The typical Asian diet contains high amounts of vegetables and inadequate amounts of milk and milk products. According toJewish dietary laws, pork and pork by-products can be eaten if milk is consumed with them. People who follow the religion of Islam must drink red wine with the main meal of the day. The traditionalMediterranean diet supplies more animal protein and fewer fruits than the traditional American diet.
The typical Asian diet contains high amounts of vegetables and inadequate amounts of milk and milk products.
A registered dietitian nutritionist has been trained to apply food and nutrition information to help treat many health conditions. True False
True
A group of 50 adult male humans were in a clinical study to determine how much niacin is toxic. During the first two weeks of the study, members of the group consumed only a formula diet that was nutritionally complete, except it contained 24 mgniacin, which is 1.5 times the RDA for niacin (adult males). At that point in the study, all members reported feeling fine, and they could function normally. During the next week, they were given a formula that contained 48 mg niacin. Within a few days of consuming this formula, 90%of the participants reported feeling ill, and they complained of having upset stomachs and reddened facial skin. At that point, researchers gave the subjects a formula that contain 16 mg niacin. After a week of consuming the new formula, all participants reported feeling well again. Based on this information, the researchers concluded that adult males' UL for niacin was between 24 and 48 mg/day. requirement for niacin was 16 mg/day. EER for niacin was16 mg/day. AMDR for niacin was between 16 and 24 mg/day.
UL for niacin was between 24 and 48 mg/day.
Most Americans _________. develop scurvy by the time they are 2 years of age are food secure experience stunting before they reach school age are concerned about running out of food
are food secure
A group of scientists suspects that certain dietary practices are partially responsible for different rates of hypertension among adults of different ethnic/racial groups. To test their hypothesis, the researchers examine data concerning the different population groups' hypertension rates and their past dietary practices. This research is a ________ study. prospective hypothetical case-control retrospective
restrospective
A nutrition researcher would like to determine whether healthy women who take fish oil supplements during pregnancy give birth to children who score higher on basic intelligence tests when they are 5 years of age. The scientist plans to compare the IQ test results of this group of children with the test results of a group of 5-year-old children with similar backgrounds whose mothers were healthy but did not take fish oil supplements when pregnant. This kind of research is a(an) ________ study. intervention retrospective in-vitro double-blind
retrospective
Most of the people living in a small South African village have access to nutritious foods. Soon after their birth, ten infants in the village developed severe diarrhea, which resulted in dehydration. After questioning the infants' parents, local public health officials were able to determine the cause of the diarrhea. Based on the officials' findings, the parents were advised to ________. reduce the amount of iron in the babies' diets stop diluting the babies' formula with local well water give megadoses of vitamin C to each baby add more fruit juice to the babies' diets
stop diluting the babies' formula with local well water
Impoverished children who live in developing countries have a high risk of dying from ________. consuming too much fat and sugar developing cystic fibrosis vitamin A deficiency developing type 2 diabetes
vitamin A deficiency
A serving of food contains 15 g carbohydrate, 3 g protein, 5 g fat, 5 mg vitamin C, and 100 ml water. Based on this information, a serving of this food supplies ________ kcal. 87 117 97 107
x4, fat x9 117
You are planning a party for a group of college students. Some of the students follow the dietary practices of the Jewish religion. Which of the following foods would be acceptable to everyone at the party? Spinach dip made with bits of shrimp, chopped onions, and sour cream Meatballs made with pork sausage, ground beef, eggs, bread crumbs, and chopped green peppers A cheese ball made with cream cheese, grated cheddar cheese, and walnuts Baked beans made with chopped onions and bits of bacon
A cheese ball made with cream cheese, grated cheddar cheese, and walnuts
Which of the following statements is true? Dietitians use theMyPyramid Plan as the standard for assessing a population's nutrient adequacy. If you do not consume 100% of the RDA for vitamin C each day, you have a high risk of developing the vitamin's deficiency disease. The Food andNutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine established Daily Values to determine the nutritional adequacy of Americans' diets. A few nutrients have Adequate Intake values instead of Recommended Dietary Allowances.
A few nutrients have Adequate Intake values instead of Recommended Dietary Allowances.
The government agency that enforces consumer protection laws by investigating false or misleading health-related claims is the ________. Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Agricultural Research Service (ARS)
Federal Trade Commission (FTC)
Which of the following statements is true? By using dietary analysis software, you can obtain precise information about your total day's energy and nutrient intakes. Food Data Central is an Internet tool for assessing the nutrient content of foods. Dietary analysis software programs provide exact values for the micronutrient contents of foods. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention maintains the government's database of the nutrient contents of foods for labeling purposes.
Food Data Central is an Internet tool for assessing the nutrient content of foods.
Which of the following statements about fruits and/or vegetables is false? Fruit juices provide more fiber than whole fruit. Fruits and vegetables are sources of phytochemical. Vegetables are often good sources of fiber. Most fruits and vegetables are naturally low in fat.
Fruit juices provide more fiber than whole fruit.
Which of the following statements is true? The typical Asian diet usually includes plenty of milk and milk products. According toIslamic dietary laws, chicken is a prohibited food. In some regions of the United States, the traditional African heritage diet may contain unhealthy amounts of sodium and solid fat. According to Jewish dietary laws, caffeinated beverages should not be consumed.
In some regions of the United States, the traditional African heritage diet may contain unhealthy amounts of sodium and solid fat.
Marc was a participant in a clinical study to determine how much niacin cures pellagra, the niacin deficiency disease. During the study, he consumed only a formula diet that was deficient in niacin. After developing pellagra, he was given 2 mg of niacin a day for 2 weeks, but he still suffered from the disease, so the scientists added 2 mg of the vitamin to Marc's formula. By the beginning of the 5th week of the study, the researchers noticed that Marc's signs and symptoms were greatly improved. At the end of the 5th week, he was feeling fine. The researchers concluded that the AI for niacin should be 4 mg plus 60 mg as a margin of safety. Marc's Daily Value for niacin was 4 mg a day. the RDA for niacin should be 4 mg. Marc's niacin requirement was about 4 mg a day.
Marc's niacin requirement was about 4 mg a day.
Which of the following statements is true? People who consume90% of the RDA for iron regularly are likely to develop an iron deficiency. Nutrition scientists have established RDAs for all essential nutrients. People who consume less than the Tolerable Upper Intake Level of a nutrient have a high risk of developing the nutrient's toxicity disorder. People can have energy needs that are higher or lower than the Estimated Energy Requirement.
People can have energy needs that are higher or lower than the Estimated Energy Requirement.
Which of the following groups of Americans is most at risk of undernutrition? College freshmen who live on campus Preschool children who attend daycare Middle-age men who exercise regularly People who are addicted to drugs
People who are addicted to drugs
Over a 4-year period, a team of scientists records the eating behaviors and physical activity patterns of a group of healthy8-year-old children to determine whether these factors are associated with excessive weight gain. This study is an example of a(an) ________ study. Case-Control Prospective In-Vitro Retrospective
Prospective
A scientist adds 5 mcg of the mineral cadmium to the daily diet of 100 4-week-old laboratory mice. After twelve weeks, the researcher weighs and takes blood samples from each mouse. According to her findings, the mice lost weight during the 12-week period and they have abnormal levels of certain hormones in their blood. Based on this information and your knowledge of scientific research, what would you tell the researcher about her findings? The findings need to be summarized in a research article for submission to a peer-reviewed nutrition journal. The findings are not meaningful or valid because of the way she designed her study. Her results are very interesting and she should report her findings to nutrition scientists, so they can repeat her study and confirm the results. She needs to conduct more tests on the animals' blood, because her findings are incomplete.
The findings are not meaningful or valid because of the way she designed her study.
Which of the following statements is true? Vitamin C deficiency is a major cause of blindness among children who are poorly-nourished, especially children who live in developing countries. In developing countries, most children are vaccinated against measles, but they still have a higher than average risk of contracting the infectious disease. The height of a child with stunting is much lower than normal when compared to children who are the same age but adequately nourished. In Africa, type 1 diabetes is a major cause of death among impoverished children who are under 5 years of age.
The height of a child with stunting is much lower than normal when compared to children who are the same age but adequately nourished.
A medical researcher reads an article in "Today's Health-Conscious Woman" magazine about the benefits of using the phytochemical capsaicin to treat knee pain. She asks 10 people with arthritic knees to rub a cream that contains the phytochemical on their knee joints for two weeks. At the end of the two weeks, the researcher asks the subjects whether their knee pain improved, stayed about the same, or worsened during the treatment period. After collecting responses from the people, the researcher reports the results of her study during a popular TV show that is hosted by a doctor. Based on this information, which of the following statements is true? The researcher reviewed scientific literature regarding the use of capsaicin to treat knee pain. The researcher did not divide the subjects of her study into control and treatment groups. The researcher subjected the results of her study to peer-review. The researcher used a standard scientific design for research involving human subjects.
The researcher did not divide the subjects of her study into control and treatment groups.
After examining a patient and reviewing the results of his blood tests, a physician tells the patient that his mild depressive symptoms are not the result of a serious health problem. The physician suggests that the patient should try regular exercise and take the dietary supplement St. John's wort for 3 months. After this period, the physician will prescribe antidepressant medication, if the patient does not feel emotionally better. This advice is ________. typical for a conventional medical practitioner unreliable because the physician is not considering alternative methods of treating the patient's mental illness an indication that the physician practices integrative medicine quackery and medically irresponsible
an indication that the physician practices integrative medicine
Bathsheba usually consumes 1900 kcal/day. She wants to meet the AMDR for fat intake (20-35% of total kcal). Based on this information, her acceptable range of intake for fat is ________ kcal/day. 160-460 320-560 130-260 380-665
calories x percentage 380-665
Generally, epidemiological studies ________. cannot determine cause-and-effect relationships involve in-vitro experimentation prove positive correlations establish causation without observations
cannot determine cause-and-effect relationships
A nutrition researcher would like to determine whether healthy women who take fish oil supplements during pregnancy give birth to children who score higher on basic intelligence tests when they are 5 years of age. The scientist plans to compare the IQ test results of this group of children with the test results of a group of 5-year-old children with similar backgrounds whose mothers were healthy but did not take fish oil supplements when pregnant. This kind of research is a(an) ________ study. retrospective double-blind in-vitro intervention
retrospective
