Nutrition Exam 2

If Jason consumes 300 g of carbohydrates per day in a 2,500 calorie diet, what is the percentage of calories derived from carbohydrates?

48%

digestion of fat

Bile emulsifies fat while pancreatic lipase breaks the bond between the glycerol and the fatty acids of fat in the small intestine.

Protein-energy malnutrition is more common in children than in adults because

Children need more protein and energy per unit of body weight than adults

Dietary fat alone is the cause of the plaque that leads to atherosclerosis and heart disease

FALSE

T/F Cholesterol is an essential dietary nutrient because it cannot be made in the body.

FALSE

T/F Saturated fatty acids contain double bonds.

FALSE

T/F When extra protein is consumed, it is stored in the muscle for later use

FALSE

When blood glucose levels drop, all except which of the following may occur?

Fatty acids are used to make glucose.

The transport of cholesterol to the liver for elimination is accomplished by

HDLs

Eating fish regularly will do all of the following EXCEPT

Increases inflammation

Which one of the following statements about insoluble fiber is true

It adds bulk to the intestinal contents.

Which statement about simple carbohydrates is FALSE

Maltose is table sugar.

What element is found in amino acids but not in glucose and triglycerides

Nitrogen

Current protein recommendations are based on

Nitrogen balance studies

Which of the following is not an essential function of protein

Provide energy

T/F Triglycerides make up most of the lipids in our bodies and in our foods

TRUE

T/F Coconut oil contains mostly saturated fatty acids

TRUE

T/F Fatty acids that are classified as essential cannot be made by the body; therefore, they must be obtained through the diet.

TRUE

T/F The family name of a fatty acid (i.e., omega 3, 6, 9, etc.) is related to the location of the first double bond counting from the methyl (CH3) end of the fatty acid chain.

TRUE

T/F The order and chemical properties of amino acids in protein determine its final shape because the folding of the chain occurs in response to forces that attract or repel amino acids from each other and water.

TRUE

T/F high-density lipoproteins (HDL) pick up cholesterol from cells and transport it to the liver so that it can be eliminated from the body.

TRUE

T/F The total grams of fat in the American diet has stayed relatively constant over the past 40 years.

TRUE

Essential amino acids are identified as such because

The side chain on these amino acids cannot be made by humans

If your diet is only deficient in lysine (lysine is the limiting amino acid), which of the following statements explains the likely change in the synthesis of the protein?

The transfer RNA will not have enough lysine for the translation of the messenger RNA so protein synthesis will be impaired

Which one of the following statements about children with kwashiorkor is false?

Their fat stores are completely depleted.

________ is the process of transferring an amino group from an amino acid to another molecule to form a second amino acid.

Transamination

Which statement is correct about vegetarian diets compared to animal-based diets

Vegetarian diets may be lower in saturated fat and contain more fiber than animal based diets.

Which of the following is most likely to occur soon after you eat a large carbohydrate-rich meal

Your pancreas releases insulin.

Which one of the following is associated with an increased risk of developing heart disease?

a high concentration of LDL in the blood

All of the following best describe the health impact of indigestible carbohydrates as a food source for bacteria in the colon, EXCEPT?

enhancement of nutrient absorption in the colon

Which one of the following is made from amino acids

enzymes

In the event that you eat fewer Calories than you need, which of the following is likely to occur?

enzymes in fat cells receive a signal for the release of fat from adipose cells for energy use

Aerobic beta oxidation of fatty acids for creating energy (ATP) requires

fatty acids, carbohydrate and oxygen

Which of the following category of complex carbohydrates is not digestible because they cannot be broken down by human digestive enzymes?

fiber

Which of the following hormones assists in normalizing blood glucose levels when blood sugar drops below normal?

glucagon

Which of the following is an example of a complex carbohydrate?

glycogen

A high-fiber diet may help protect against which of the following?

heart disease diverticulosis large swings in blood glucose

Which type of fiber has a laxative effect by adding bulk to fecal matter as it passes, unchanged, through the gastrointestinal tract?

insoluble fiber

Which two fatty acids are considered essential?

linoleic and α-linolenic

Symptoms and complications of uncontrolled diabetes include all of the following EXCEPT

liver damage

The digestive enzymes that break disaccharides into monosaccharides are located in the

microvilli

Which of the following might be a hidden source of fat?

muffin

Which of the following values for nitrogen intake and output are most likely to belong to a healthy 9-year-old boy

nitrogen in = 20 g, nitrogen out = 22 g

Most digestion of carbohydrate occurs in the

small intestine

The end products of digestion of carbohydrate, fat and protein are absorbed in the

small intestine

Which type of dietary fiber blocks bile reabsorption and promotes dietary cholesterol excretion?

soluble fiber

Chemical digestion of protein begins in the

stomach

Which of the following best describes the effects of lactose intolerance on those who consume dairy products?

the undigested lactose passes into the large intestine, where it draws in water, is metabolized by bacteria, producing gas and causing abdominal distension, gas, cramping, and diarrhea

When amino acids are broken down to generate energy or synthesize glucose, the amino group must be removed. What waste product is generated from it?

urea