Nutrition EXAM 2
During which period in life is lactase activity the greatest?
infancy
All of the following factors help raise HDL levels, except:
insoluble dietary fibers
When amino acids are deaminated, the two resulting products are ammonia and ________ .
keto acids
All of the following locations in the body store glycogen, except:
kidneys
Which of the following is not a sterol compound found in the body?
lecithin
Fatty acids differ from one another according to all of the following characteristics:
length of their chains, location of double bonds, and degree of saturation
Which of the following fatty acids is an essential fatty acid?
linoleic and linolenic acids
Chylomicrons bypass which organ at first as they travel through the lymphatic system after being released from the intestinal cells?
liver
High ________ cholesterol is associated with a high risk of heart attack.
low-density lipoproteins (LDL)
Food sources of the phospholipid, lecithin, include all of the following, except:
milk
Which of the following beverages may be helpful in protecting against dental caries?
milk
The key dietary principle for fat is ________ .
moderation
Which of the following elements is not part of various lipid compounds?
nitrogen
Which of the following elements makes proteins different from carbohydrates and fats?
nitrogen
The quality of a food protein is determined by comparing its amino acid composition with the essential amino acid requirements of which population?
preschool children
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are omega-3 fatty acids important for all of the following except:
prevention of cancer
Diets rich in fiber may provide all of the following health benefits, except:
prevention or alleviation of ulcers
Of the following locations, which one is the site of the greatest amount of fat digestion?
small intestine
Which location along the GI tract is responsible for most of the work of carbohydrate digestion?
small intestine
Which of the following is an herbal product that has recently been granted the status of "generally recognized as safe" and will be used as an alternative sweetener in the United States?
stevia
All of the following parts of the GI tract aid in the digestion of fiber, except:
stomach
Which of the following carbohydrates is NOT a monosaccharide?
sucrose
Which of the following items contains the most lactose?
1 cup of ice cream
The RDA for protein is ________ percent of total food energy.
10 to 35
By following the USDA Food Pattern and making careful food selections, a typical adult can obtain all the needed nutrients within an allowance of about ________ kcalories.
1500
An ounce of most protein foods delivers about ________ grams of protein.
7
Digestibility for most plant proteins is ________ .
70-90%
The excretion of bile in the feces helps to reduce ________ .
blood cholesterol
Which of the following food items is not a source of soluble fiber?
brussles sprouts
Fats help add all of the following to foods, except:
bulk
Eicosanoids derived from eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) can:
help lower blood pressure
This lipoprotein is responsible for removing cholesterol from cells and carrying the cholesterol back to the liver for recycling or disposal.
high-density lipoproteins (HDL)
________ is responsible for converting the inactive form of the enzyme pepsinogen to its active form, pepsin in the stomach.
hydrochloric acid
When blood glucose falls, the liver cells break down glycogen through ________ reactions into single molecules of glucose and release them into the bloodstream.
hydrolysis
Fats are ________ , meaning that they tend to separate from the watery fluids of the GI tract.
hydrophobic
Which of the following statements about diabetes is true?
in type 1 diabetes, the pancreas fails to produce insulin
Monounsaturated fatty acids help to protect against heart disease by all of the following except:
increasing blood pressure
The DRI and Dietary Guidelines recommend a diet that is low in saturated fat, trans fat, and cholesterol and provides ________ percent of the daily energy intake from fat.
20-35
The DRI recommendation for fiber intake is:
25-35 grams per day
One pound of body fat is equal to ________ kcalories.
3500
Adolescents who drink about two cans of sugar-sweetened soft drinks daily consume ________ more kcalories a day than teens who don't.
400
How many amino acids are essential?
9
Instructions for making every protein in a person's body are stored in the ________ .
DNA
Which of the following statements regarding lactose intolerance is false?
Total elimination of milk products is necessary for those who are lactose intolerant.
Which of the following is not a role of phospholipids?
acting as a cofactor for certain fat-soluble vitamins
Giant protein molecules manufactured by the immune system to aid in defending the body against disease are called ________ .
antibodies
Which of the following artificial sweeteners contains a warning for those with PKU?
aspartame
High-protein diets have been implicated in all of the following chronic diseases, except:
asthma
An adequate supply of ________ and fats spare amino acids from being used for energy.
carbohydrates
To prevent upsetting the acid-base balance of the blood, the liver cells combine ammonia with ________ to make urea.
carbon dioxide
Some studies have shown that selecting foods with a low glycemic index may improve all of the following, except:
colon cancer risk
With the health condition phenylketonuria, tyrosine is a(n):
conditionally essential amino acid
Which of the following oils is not a major source of monounsaturated fats?
corn oil
Harmful effects of excessive fiber intake may include all of the following except:
diverticulosis
Which of the following statements regarding protein absorption is incorrect?
eating predigested proteins (amino acid supplements) helps keep the digestive system from being overworked with protein digestion.
During times of critical illness or protein malnutrition, plasma proteins leak out of the blood vessels into the tissues causing swelling. This swelling is called:
edema
Which of the following is not a major source of trans fats?
eggs
The area of study that examines how environmental factors influence gene expression without changing the DNA is known as ________ .
epigenetics
Which of the following statements is false regarding lipid chemistry?
fatty acids made up of 20 carbons are the most common in foods
Which is the sweetest of sugars?
fructose
________ contributes about half of the added sugars in the U.S. food supply and accounts for about 10 percent of the average energy intake in the United States.
fructose
Which of the following food categories provides no dietary protein?
fruits
When blood glucose levels fall, which hormone is secreted by the pancreas to stimulate the liver to break down its glycogen?
glucagon
The process of ________ is the making of glucose from noncarbohydrate sources such as amino acids.
gluconeogenesis
The process of converting protein to glucose is called:
gluconeogenesis
Which sugar can partially be absorbed in the mouth?
glucose
Which of the following monosaccharide combinations makes up the disaccharide lactose?
glucose and galactose
Which of the following statements regarding glucose is incorrect?
glucose is one of the two sugars in every disaccharide except maltose
A polysaccharide, but not a dietary source of carbohydrate...
glycogen
________ is the nation's number one killer of adults.
heart disease
Which of the following protein foods also provides a significant amount of carbohydrate to the diet?
nuts
Which of the following groups is not in positive nitrogen balance useful?
older adults
Which population does not require protein intake to exceed RDA values of 0.8g/kg of body weight?
older adults
The protein hemoglobin is responsible for carrying ________ in the body.
oxygen
Which of the following is not a digestive enzyme found in the small intestine?
pepsin
A/an ________ bond connects the acid end of one amino acid with the amino end of another, forming a link in a protein chain.
peptide
The most common sign of protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) is:
poor growth
The omega number indicates the ________ .
position of the first double bond in a fatty acid
Which of the following is an advantage of hydrogenation?
prolonged shelf life of fats
Which of the following is not a role of lipids in the body?
provision of materials for hair and nail creation
The ________ structure of proteins involves the interaction between two or more polypeptides.
quarternary
In the body, trans-fatty acids that derive from hydrogenation behave more like ________ fats.
saturated
Which type of fat is most often implicated in raising LDL cholesterol levels?
saturated fats
Which protein structure is determined by weak electrical attractions within the polypeptide chain?
secondary structure
In order for complementary proteins to function together, they must be consumed in:
the same day
Which of the following is not a function of enzymes?
to slow down reactions between substances to allow for greater absorption
Which of the following is a role that proteins assist with in your body?
vision, blood clotting, and muscle contraction
Emulsifiers help mix fats with ________ .
water