Nutrition Exam 2

In order to lose fat, not lean tissue, what is the recommended rate of weight loss?

1/2 to 2 pounds per week

Basal metabolism in a typical person accounts for approximately what percentage of total energy expenditure?

60-75

Which of the following dietary practices does NOT help to protect a person from developing heart disease?

A diet which substitutes beef for fish.

In which individual would you expect the highest muscle glycogen content?

A trained athlete consuming 65-70% of kcals as carbohydrate

As foods are digested, the energy stored in the chemical bonds of carbohydrates, proteins and fats are converted to:

ATP

Which statement about amino acid absorption is FALSE?

Absorption of larger polypeptides occurs commonly in healthy adults.

Which of the following body processes is/are regulated by proteins?

All of these are correct

Increased ketone production is most likely to result from:

All of these choices are correct.

A person's risk of developing heart disease can be increased by which of the following health problems:?

All of these increase the risk

Which of the following is TRUE of protein needs in athletes?

All of these statements are correct.

Studies suggest that the incidence of colon cancer may be lowered with high fiber diets. How might this be explained?

All of these statements are true

The specific sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain is determined by

DNA found in the nucleus of cells.

Refined grain products contain predominantly what part(s) of the kernel?

Endosperm

__________ fatty acids are not synthesized by the body.

Essential

Which nutrient(s), when consumed in excess of energy needs, is/are preferentially used to produce body adipose tissue?

Fats

Which nutrient is found in plant protein foods but not in animal protein foods?

Fiber

Which lipoprotein accomplishes reverse cholesterol transport?

HDLs

In order to calculate a person's Body Mass Index, what information about the person must be known?

Height & weight

Which food would NOT be recommended as a source of calcium to someone who is lactose intolerant?

Ice cream

Which of the following does NOT increase in an individual's basal metabolic rate?

Increasing age over 50

Which hormone is most important for glucose uptake by body cells?

Insulin

Which a is FALSE statement about eating a healthy diet?

It is essential for most people to reduce total fat consumption by 25-50%.

When a diet is very low in kcalories and carbohydrate for a long period of time, what is most likely to develop?

Ketosis

Which of the following does not affect basal metabolic rate?

Level of physical activity

The organ which is able to manufacture cholesterol is:

Liver

Which of the following lipoproteins contains the highest percentage of cholesterol?

Low-density lipoproteins

Which guideline about weight loss is correct?

Most people can reduce health risks with a 5-15% weight loss.

Which is false regarding dietary protein sources?

Most people in the U.S. need protein supplements to meet dietary requirements.

Which statement about obesity is true?

Obesity is defined as having a BMI >30.

Which of the following is characteristic of atherosclerosis?

Oxidation of LDL particles

Which organ produces the lipase enzyme that accomplishes the bulk of lipid digestion?

Pancreas

The lipid bilayer found in cell membranes in the body is made from:

Phospholipids

Which nutrient(s) found in animal protein foods is not found in plant protein foods?

Saturated fat

Which is TRUE regarding the disadvantages of using Body Mass Index as a means of assessing chronic disease risk?

Someone with a large amount of muscle mass will have a high BMI.

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

The distribution of fat in a person is determined by primarily by exercise habits.

Which of the following statements about Type 1 diabetes is correct?

The immune system destroys the pancreatic cells that produce insulin.

Bile, vitamin D, and some hormones such as testosterone and estrogen are derived from:

cholesterol

A diet high in dietary fiber can help reduce the risk of developing:

diverticular disease.

Long term healthy weight loss is based on all the following principles EXCEPT:

eating foods in the "right" combinations to burn more calories.

Amino acids that cannot be made by the adult human body are termed:

essential

Fructose is found mostly in:

fruits and vegetables.

If the shape of a protein is altered due to a genetic mutation, the _______________ of the protein may be affected.

functionality

The _____________________ reflects a ranking of how specific foods affect blood glucose as compared to the response of a reference food.

glycemic index

To provide glucose to the body between meals:

glycogen is broken down

Energy is stored in the body primarily as __________ and ___________.

glycogen, triglycerides

The stimulus which prompts one to eat in response to internal physical cues is best described as:

hunger

Enzymes required for starch digestion is/are supplied by:

pancreas.

The concentration of glucose in the blood is primarily regulated by:

pancreatic hormones.

A(n) ____________ bond links one amino acid to the next.

peptide

Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids are examples of:

polyunsaturated fatty acids.

The consequences of the high rate of childhood obesity are:

profound since the longer a person is overweight, the higher the health risks.

How does protein differ from carbohydrate and lipid?

protein does not provide the body with a source of energy.

Current recommendations regarding fat intake suggest a healthy diet should:

provide 20 to 35% of total calories (kcal) from fat.

A complete dietary protein:

provides essential amino acids in the proportion needed to support protein synthesis.

After eating a large dinner, we feel full and satisfied. The term to describe this feeling is:

satiety

A fatty acid with only single bonds between carbon atoms is called a(n) ________ fatty acid.

saturated

What determines the three-dimensional shape of a protein?

sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain.

For many years, Erin's weight has been stable at ~132 pounds. This weight is commonly described as her:

set point.

Foods consisting mostly of fatty acids with only single bonds tend to be

solid at room temperature.

Food allergies involve an interaction between a dietary protein and:

the immune system.

Fatty acids are categorized based on the carbon chain length as well as:

the types and locations of bonds between the carbons.

The energy expended to digest and store nutrients is called:

thermic effect of food.

Adipose tissue contains an abundance of:

triglycerides

Phospholipids consist of glycerol with __________ attached.

two fatty acids and a phosphate group

When a protein is deaminated the resulting waste product is:

urea

Protein complementation is most important for people who are:

vegan vegetarians.

A higher incidence of heart disease, high blood pressure, stroke and diabetes is associated with:

visceral fat.

Which of the following foods which is the best dietary source of resistant starch?

chilled, cooked potatoes

Which of the following is true of colon cancer?

All of these statements are true.

Vegan vegetarians may not get enough of which nutrient(s)?

All these nutrients could be low

What initially causes an atherosclerotic plaque to begin developing?

An injury to the artery wall.

can help fat and water mix by breaking large fat globules into smaller ones.

Bile

glycogen

Carbohydrate loading, a training technique used by some endurance athletes, can help to increase _____________ stores.

The best sources of complex carbohydrates are:

Cereals and grains

Which of the following statements about glycogen is FALSE?

The primary role of muscle glycogen is to maintain blood glucose levels.

Which of the following types of diabetes is classified as an autoimmune disease?

Type 1.

Which of the following nutrients is NOT added to enriched grains?

Vitamin E

fructose, sucrose, starch

Which of the following sequences represents a monosaccharide followed by a disaccharide followed by a polysaccharide?

Sucrose is composed of:

a molecule of fructose and a molecule of glucose

Which of the following components are NOT associated with an amino acids?

a phosphate group.

High levels of HDL in the blood are associated with:

a reduced risk of heart disease.

Hemoglobin is an example of:

a transport protein.

An individual who exercises at moderate intensity for 60 minutes per day would be considered:

active

Body fat is stored in cells called:

adipocytes

Obesity increases the risk of some cancers because:

adipose tissue produces hormones which promote cell proliferation.

Vegetarians have a lower risk of:

all of these are correct.

An injury to an artery wall leading to inflammation could be caused by:

all of these choices are correct.

Obesity is associated with an increased risk of:

all of these choices are correct.

The anti-inflammatory effects of omega-3 fats are beneficial in regards to:

all of these choices are correct.

Why is obtaining protein from plant foods advantageous?

all of these statements are correct.

Chylomicrons

all of these statements are true.

Eicosanoids are:

all of these statements are true.

Treatment of diverticulitis usually includes:

antibiotics and a temporary decrease in fiber intake.

The three components of energy expenditure are:

basal metabolism, physical activity and diet-induced thermogenesis.

To estimate protein requirements, you must know a person's:

body weight.

How does dietary fiber help promote a healthy intestinal microflora?

by promoting the production of short chain fatty acids which provide metabolic fuel for colonic cells.

The cause of lactose intolerance is:

inadequate production of the enzyme lactase.

An antibody

is a type of protein that helps protect the body from foreign substances.

Food allergies can result when a protein in the diet:

is absorbed without being completely digested.

When energy is ingested in excess of needs, the excess:

is converted into triglycerides and stored in adipose tissue.

A limiting amino acid:

is present in short supply relative to the body's need.

Dietary fiber is categorized by:

its solubility in water.

All of the following foods EXCEPT _____________ help reduce LDL cholesterol and reduce the risk of heart disease.

margarine containing partially hydrogenated vegetable oils

Fish oils are a good dietary source of:

omega-3 fatty acids.