Nutrition Exam Ch1-14
Phil is a participant in a study designed to examine the effects of taking a dietary supplement on muscle tissue development. Phil suspects he is in the experimental group, because he is certain his muscles are bigger and stronger as a result of taking the product supplied by the researchers. When the study is completed, Phil learns that he did not receive the dietary supplement. Phil thinks the researchers made a mistake—he is certain his muscle mass increased while he took the supplement. According to this information, Phil's belief that his physical condition improved while he participated in the study is an example of _____________ .
the placebo effect
_____ is added to refined grain products as part of the enrichment process.
thiamin
The _____ gland produces the primary hormone that controls the metabolic rate.
thyroid
About 95 percent of lipids in foods and in the human body are:
triglyceridedes
A ____ is simply a piece of genetic material coated with protein.
virus
The proper way to wash hands when handling foods is to:
wash hands with soap and warm water for 20 seconds.
Which of the following helps lessens one's risk for type 2 diabetes?
weight control, exercise, and a healthy lifestyle
The DRI for protein for healthy adults is _____ grams per kilogram of body weight.
0.8
Do not eat raw or cooked foods that have been at room temperature for more than 2 hours
165 ºF
A pregnancy weight gain of _____ pounds is recommended for women who are at their appropriate weights.
25-35
One pound of body fat is equal to _____ calories
3500
How many amino acids are considered to be essential amino acids?
9
By definition, a vitamin is all of the following except:
A non-essential nutrient
Which of the following statements is false
According to scientific research, most dietary supplements provide considerable health benefits.
_____ are poisonous substances produced by certain molds that can cause liver damage and death.
Alfatoxins
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) causes abdominal pain and discomfort is associated with:
All of the answers( Some beverages, emotional stress, certain foods)
On the proposed food label, what are some of the differences one will see? FYI - The compliance date for the label is July 26, 2018
Amount of added sugars will be shown
Which of the following substances is in breast milk but not in infant formulas?
Antibodies
What does Selenium act as?
Antioxidant agent
Which of the following vitamins is important for a vegetarian to make sure they get?
B12
Which of the following statements is true?
Before taking a dietary supplement, people should determine whether the product is necessary and safe.
Which of the following organs is an accessory organ of the digestive system?
Bladder
Characteristics of type 2 diabetes include all of the following except:
Blood insulin levels that rise too high
According to scientific evidence, which of the following substances may benefit muscle recovery after intense exercise?
Branched-chain amino acids
Which major mineral is present in the bones, but also in the muscles, needed for growth and development, and blood clotting?
Calcium
_____ remains when the nitrogen-containing portion of an amino acid is removed.
Carbon Skeleton
By performing exercise regularly, people can reduce their risk of:
Cardiovascular disease
Which of the following statements is true?
Certain proteins transport nutrients and oxygen in the bloodstream
According to the MyPlate plan, which of the following foods is NOT grouped with Protein?
Cheese
The food that is digested when it leaves the stomach it is a semisolid liquid called:
Chyme
During the first few days after giving birth, the new mother's breasts produce:
Colustrum
What is one function of the pyloric sphincter?
Controls the floe of chyme into small intestine
Which of the following activities is generally classified as aerobic?
Cycling
Riboflavin needs are more difficult to meet when the diet is low in:
Dairy foods
After an earthquake, Marie's house was damaged and experienced a power outage that lasted three days. Which of the following steps should she take to avoid food-borne illness during the loss of electricity?
Do not eat raw or cooked foods that have been at room temperature for more than 2 hours
The Daily amount of energy remaining after a person consumes recommended amounts of foods that contain little or no solid fats and added sugars from the major food groups is referred to as:
Empty calorie allowance
The ____ is responsible for ensuring the safety and effectiveness of medications.
FDA
Which of the following U.S. government agencies enforces federal food safety laws?
FDA
Consuming large amounts of trans-fatty acid lowers LDL cholesterol and thus lowers the risk of heart disease and heart attack.
False
Fiber is an essential nutrient
False
For the typical active person, basal metabolism accounts for 10-20% of the body's total energy use.
False
If a food or beverage is described as having more vitamins and minerals in relation to its unhealthy fat, added sugar, and or alcohol contents it is considered to be a energy dense food.
False
People who choose not to eat animals or their products need to find an alternative to the MyPlate Guide when planning their diets.
False
The thermic effect of food plays a major role in energy expenditure.
False
Type 1 Diabetes is most often controlled by successful weight-loss management.
False
Vitamins and Minerals are also known as Macronutrients.
False
Which of the following statements is true?
Fat cells produce leptin, a hormone that can reduce hunger.
Which of the following is nit one of the ways fats are useful in foods?
Fats provide low-calorie source of energy compared to carbohydrates
The government agency that enforces consumer protection laws by investigating false or misleading health-related claims is the ___________ .
Federal Trade Commission
Which of the following stabilizes bones and makes teeth resistant to decay?
Fluoride
Green leafy vegetables is a rich sources of:
Folate
Which of the following statements about fruits and vegetables is false?
Fruit juices provide more fiber than whole fruit.
Which of the following in not a desirable blood lipid value?
High LDL
Chemical messengers in the body are:
Hormones
Why is taking excess amounts of fat-soluble vitamins more likely to cause toxicity than taking excesses of water-soluble vitamins?
In general, excesses of fat-soluble vitamins cannot be excreted as easily as water-soluble vitamins.
All of the following are major minerals except:
Iron
Worldwide, the most common nutrient deficiency disorder is ______ deficiency.
Iron
Which of the following periodicals features peer-reviewed articles?
Journal of American Medical Association
Very little digestive takes place here, but there is re-absorption of water and minerals in the:
Large Intestine
Carbohydrates, fats and proteins are referred to as:
Macronutrients
1% of the calcium in the body is used to:
Maintain the blood level of calcium within very narrow limits
_____ are often referred to as the "powerhouses" of cells because most of the energy stored in macronutrients is released in them.
Mitochondria
What is the oxygen carrying protein of muscle cells?
Myoglobin
Which of the following foods is exempt from listing ingredients on the label?
None of these
____ infection is the most common food-borne illness in the United States.
Norovirus
In nutrition, the word essential means:
Nutrient that must be supplied by food.
A body mass index of 25.0 - 29.9 in an adult indicates:
Overweight
Muscle cells can use the _____ energy system to obtain energy
Oxygen
The _____ produces a juice containing enzymes to digest all energy-yielding nutrients.
Pancreas
When the blood glucose level rises after a meal, the first organ to respond is the:
Pancreas
Disease causing microbes
Pathogens
Muscles of the GI tract propels food and liquid through. This is called:
Peristalsis
The _____ is the organ of pregnancy that transfers nutrients and oxygen from the mother's bloodstream to the embryo/fetus.
Placenta
A group of scientists conducts a scientific study to investigate dietary factors that influence the development of obesity. Which of the following activities is not likely to be a component of their research efforts?
Posting findings at the main researcher's Internet web site.
Which of the following is NOT a function of protein?
Primary fule for the brain
A popular fitness magazine has an article about the health benefits of high-fiber diets. If the article's author has the credentials _____ after his or her name, the article is likely to be a reliable source of nutrition information.
RD
The amount of vitamin C that meets about 98% of the population's need for the nutrient is the _____ for the vitamin.
RDA
Which of the following foods is likely to be a source of Salmonella?
Raw chicken
What is the best source of Heme Iron?
Red meats
What is a personal characteristic that increases a person's chance of developing a disease.
Risk Factor
The disease caused by a Vitamin C deficiency is known as __________.
Scurvy
Which of the following is the richest source of iodine?
Seafood
Soluble fiber is important for (except):
Speeds stomach emptying
All of the following factors are associated with a higher basal metabolic rate except:
Starvation
Which of the following statements is true?
The adult AMDR for carbohydrates is 45 to 65% of total energy intake.
Which of the following statements is true?
The human body normally uses very little protein for energy.
Which of the following statements is true about vitamins?
They are usually in foods that Americans commonly eat
Which of the following statements about trans fatty acids are true?
They arise when polyunsaturated oils are hydrogenated.
What is the major role of the villi?
To increase absorptive surface area of intestine
Foods rich in soluble fiber lower blood cholesterol.
True
Human cells can convert certain amino acids into glucose, but the cells are unable to make glucose from fatty acids.
True
Potassium, sodium and chloride ions are involved in fluid balance.
True
Pregnant women, very young children, and people who have weakened immune systems have high risk of food-borne illness.
True
Under anaerobic conditions, muscle cells convert pyruvate to lactic acid.
True
Weight lifting and other resistance exercises can increase bone mass.
True
People with central-body obesity, or visceral fat, are more likely to develop _____ than people who do not have excess fat in the midsection of their bodies.
Type 2 Diabetes
Which of the following body fat assessment techniques relies on the principle that lean tissue is denser than water?
Underwater weighing
What is the name of the projections on the inner surface of the small intestine?
Villi
_____ are fat-soluble vitamins.
Vitamins K, E, and D
Which of the following physical characteristics or health conditions is a sign of metabolic syndrome?
Waist circumference of 43 inches
The scientific study of nutrients, chemicals necessary for proper body functioning and how the body uses these substances.
What is Nutrition?
Substance that protects other compounds from being damaged or destroyed by certain factors.
What is an antioxidant?
Garlic, onions, leeks, cruciferous vegetables.
What is an example of Organosulfides?
Derek takes protein supplements before and after his workouts. He told his workout partner that he became 200% stronger within a couple of months after he added the supplements to his diet. His report about the effects of the supplements is an example of a(an)
anecdote
An _____ is a substance that protects vulnerable molecules from free radicals.
antioxidant
Proteins
are comprised of amino acids
According to the DSM-5, the three main types of eating disorders are:
binge-eating disorder, bulimia nervosa, and anorexia nervosa.
Most infants are physically ready to start eating solid foods when they
can sit up with some back support
Which of the following is not a function of fat in the human body?
carries the water soluble nutrients
The best way to increase consumption of omega 3 fatty acids is to:
consume two fish meals per week
High quality protein:
contains all essential amino acids
Scientists who investigate lifestyle factors that influence the prevalence of obesity among different population groups are conducting a(n) ____ study.
epidemiological
A person suffering from celiac disease must avoid
foods that contain gluten
The dietary monosaccharides include:
fructose, glucose, galctose
The Tolerable Upper Limit for a nutrient is the:
highest average amount that is unlikely to harm most people when consumed daily.
According to scientific research involving animals, consuming a nutritious diet that is low in calories may:
increase life expectancy
All of the following statements concerning cholesterol are true except:
it is an essential nutrient (NOT)
Major nutrition-related concerns of adolescents include _____ intakes.
low iron
Which of the following is found in protein but not in carbohydrate or fat?
nitrogen
Which of the following groups of foods is not a major food group of MyPlate?
oils
Physical fitness is the ability to:
perform moderate- to vigorous physical activity without becoming excessively tired.
What is exercise?
physical activities that are usually planned and structured for a purpose.
Homocysteine is a(n)
possible marker for cardiovascular disease
To improve their children's eating habits, caregivers should:
prepare and eat meals more meals together as a family.
Which of the following is not an example of fiber?
residue of milk
Reduced _____ is a normal physiological change associated with aging.
secretion of intrinsic factor
Nutrients fall into____ classes
six
Compared to preschoolers, older children tend to
skip breakfast
Alcohol is metabolized in the:
stomach