Nutrition Exam (Chapter 3)

What is the main digestive function of the colon?

Absorption of fluid (some bacteria digest fiber)

What is the function of the gallbladder?

Bile is produced by the liver and then stored in the gallbladder. When fats are eaten, the gallbladder releases bile into the small intestine to emulsify the fats so they may be digested.

Where is bile produced?

Bile is produced in the liver and stored in the gall bladder.

Identify the transportation system that carries the nutrients absorbed from the small intestine to where they are needed.

Blood vessels (transport the products of carbohydrate and protein digestion, most vitamins, and the minerals) and lymph vessels (initially transport most of the products of fat digestion as well as a few vitamins)

Which is true about how alcohol affects the body's function? Drinking coffee and exercising speed up alcohol metabolism. Eating slows alcohol absorption from the stomach. Alcohol helps quench thirst. Alcohol interferes with synthesis of fatty acids.

Eating slows alcohol absorption from the stomach.

Which statement is true concerning the storage of fats in the body? Fat that is not needed for body cells is picked up and stored in adipose tissue. Only limited amounts of fat can be stored in the body, the exact amount depending on each person's genetic makeup. Fat is first stored as glycogen in the liver and then sent to fat cells to be stored. Fat can be converted to carbohydrate when dietary carbohydrate is unavailable.

Fat that is not needed for body cells is picked up and stored in adipose tissue.

The digestive tract needs __________ that provides the bulk against which the muscles of the colon can work.

Fiber - Neither energy, protein, nor fat provides the resistance for peristalsis.

What is the role of the large intestine?

In addition to partially digesting fiber, the large intestine also absorbs a lot of water from feces.

What is the correct sequence of foodstuffs passing through the digestive system?

Once food has entered the mouth and is swallowed, it is propelled through the esophagus into the stomach. The stomach begins digestion by grinding and churning the food with acid and enzymes, forming chyme. The chyme moves into the small intestine where most digestion and absorption occurs. Then it slowly moves to the large intestine and to the rectum to be stored until it is eliminated.

Which health problems are associated with frequent alcohol consumption?

Overall, nutrition is poor for several reasons. First, food intake is often inadequate in people who drink a lot of alcohol. In addition, alcohol interferes with the absorption of some nutrients and hastens excretion of others. As a result, thiamin and folate deficiencies are likely to develop. Other common problems include additional fat being stored in the abdomen, skeletal and cardiovascular muscle weakening, and increases in the risk of developing some kinds of cancer.

Which organ secretes enzymes that break down all three energy-yielding nutrients?

Pancreas

What is the role of the liver in digestion?

Produce bile that is stored in the gallbladder

Where are protein-digesting enzymes produced?

Protein digesting enzymes are produced in the stomach, the pancreas, and the small intestine.

What happens in the stomach during protein digestion?

Protein digestion begins in the stomach. The strong acid mixture of gastric juices denatures (uncoils) strands of protein and activates a protein-digesting enzyme.

Where does starch digestion begin?

Saliva from the mouth contains an enzyme that begins digesting starches into simpler sugars.

Which is accurate about the body's use of alcohol? Alcohol intake is usually associated with increases in food consumption, leading to possible nutrient toxicities. In heavy drinkers, fat accumulates in the colon. Liver cells are regenerated out of control after exposure to alcohol. Alcohol speeds up the liver's synthesis of fatty acids.

The use of alcohol can lead to an accumulation of fat in the liver.

What is adipose tissue?

When a person ingests more carbohydrates than the body needs, this excess energy can be converted to fat. This fat is then stored in adipose tissue.

Where does the majority of digestion and absorption occur?

Small intestine (A very small amount of food is digested in the stomach. For example protein digestion begins in the stomach. The main job of the stomach is to mechanically break down food to a liquid mass.)

Which statement is FALSE about absorption and transport of nutrients? Microvilli greatly enlarge the surface area of the small intestine to facilitate efficient nutrient absorption. Lymphatic vessels initially transport most of the products of fat digestion, delivering these nutrients later to the blood stream. Fiber is absorbed into the blood stream and transported to the liver before being delivered throughout the body.

Some of the products from the breakdown of fiber are absorbed. However, most fiber is not absorbed and is excreted as feces.

What is accurate about the health benefits of moderate alcohol consumption?

Some studies show a reduced risk of death from heart disease in older, high-risk individuals.

Which organ is responsible for turning food into chyme?

Stomach