Nutrition FINAL
Throughout the adolescent years, both males and females gain about ____% of their adult height.
15
Total calorie needs peak for females at about age ____.
15 to 16 years
About 1 in _____ pregnancies results in a spontaneous abortion, often before a woman even realizes she is pregnant.
2
By the age of _____ years, body water levels are similar to those of adults.
2 to 3
Women who begin pregnancy at a normal BMI should gain about ____ pounds during pregnancy.
25 to 35
After age ____ or so, the rate of cell breakdown begins to exceed the rate of cell renewal.
30
Starting around age ___, organ size and efficiency begin to decrease.
30
During the second trimester, a pregnant woman needs an additional __________ kcal per day.
350
According to present day growth charts, an infant will double its birth weight at about ___________ months of age and will triple its birth weight at about ___________ months.
4 to 6; 12
What percent of calories should total fat make up in an infant's diet?
40 to 55%
Additional energy requirements for lactation are approximately _______ kcal per day.
400-500
During the first year of life, the infant increases in length by _________% over what it was at birth.
50
For the pregnant woman, the RDA for protein increases by ___ over prepregnancy needs.
50%
In adulthood, a nutritious diet can help to ___________.
A nutritious diet can do all of these things
A characteristic of a favorable pregnancy outcome is ____________.
All of these are characteristics of a successful pregnancy
Which is NOT a current hypothesis about the cause of aging?
All of these are current hypotheses about the cause of aging.
Maternal iron deficiency anemia can cause ________.
All of these are effects of iron deficiency
Severe zinc deficiencies during pregnancy can cause ________.
All of these are effects of zinc deficiencies during pregnancy
A maternal practice that can be harmful to the fetus is ________.
All of these choices are accurate
The preschool years are characterized by __________.
All of these choices are accurate
What do preschool children line to eat?
All of these choices are accurate
Which determines the rate of aging?
All of these choices are accurate
With the possible exception(s) of _____, human milk provides all the nutrients needed during the first 6 months of life.
All of these choices are accurate
An infant's birth weight is closely related to __________.
All of these choices are correct
Edema during late pregnancy is a problem if ________.
All of these choices are correct.
What is the recommended treatment for childhood obesity?
All of these choices are correct.
Which foods are NOT likely to appeal to preschool children?
All of these choices are correct.
Which of these conditions indicates that a woman needs to pay particular attention to the quality of her diet during pregnancy?
All of these choices are correct.
Who may not receive sufficient protein?
All of these choices are correct.
small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infant ___________.
All of these choices are correct.
During pregnancy, women who are ____ should take a multivitamin and mineral supplement.
All of these responses are accurate
A common cause of iron deficiency anemia in adulthood is __________.
All of these responses are correct.
According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, a goal for adults is to ___________.
All of these responses are correct.
Low fluid intake in older adults may be caused by ____________.
All of these responses are correct.
The diets of adults tend to be low in ____________.
All of these responses are correct.
When serving a food for the first time to an infant, __________.
All of these responses are correct.
Which is true about the supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)?
All of these responses are correct.
Why do infants have a greater need for water than older humans?
All of these responses are correct.
Which is a good indicator of recent nutritional status?
BMI-for-age
Which U.S. government program distributes surplus agricultural products?
Commodity Supplemental Food Program
The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) for adults do not take into consideration aging-related changes in __________.
DRIs take into account all of these things
Which is an example of usual aging?
Increasing body fatness
Which is true about growth in height?
It cannot occur AFTER the epiphyses fuse.
Which is true of the Congregate Meal program?
It is part of the Older Americans Act.
Which of the following is NOT true about the placenta?
It provides nourishment to the zygote
Why is cow's milk not recommended for infants?
It's protein content is too high.
Inadequate intake of ____ in adults may contribute to loss of bone strength and mental confusion.
Magnesium
If human milk or infant formula are not available, ____ can provide a safe, nutritious alternative for infants.
None of these are healthy alternatives to human milk or infant formula
To minimize nausea during pregnancy, pregnant women should ____________.
None of these responses are accurate
Which is NOT a sign that an infant may be ready for solid foods?
The extrusion reflex is strong.
An infant's birth weight _________ during the first year of life.
Triples
Why is vitamin D a nutrient of particular concern in older adults?
Vitamin D synthesis in the skin slows.
Instead of a double cheeseburger from a fast food restaurant for lunch, the hungry adolescent could make a healthier choice by choosing ____ instead.
a vegetable pizza
Maternal nutrient deficiencies or exposure to toxins can cause _____ in the fetus.
abnormal organ function
Except for pregnancy and lactation, the total quantities of nutrients and calories needed during ____ are greater than any other stage of the life cycle.
adolescence
A baby should be burped ________.
after giving 1 to 2 ounces of formula
The physiological anemia of pregnancy is a result of _____________.
an increase in the mother's blood volume
Breastfeeding is NOT recommended when mothers __________.
are undergoing chemotherapy or have HIV infection
Calorie needs decline after age 30 years or so because __________.
basal metabolism declines
High-protein diets are not good for infants __________.
because the infant's kidneys cannot clear large amounts of urea every day
A characteristic of preeclampsia is ___________.
blurred vision and headaches
A pregnant woman who is a vegan needs to take __________ nutrient supplements.
calcium and iron
Consuming alcohol while breastfeeding ________.
causes babies to have disrupted sleep patterns
During pregnancy, women should try to __________ each day.
drink 3 cups of milk or milk products
Growth plates at the end of long bones are called __________.
epiphyses
To keep gestational diabetes under control, recommendations for pregnant women include ________.
exercise
Infants and children who do not grow at the expected rate for several months are more than likely experiencing ___________.
failure to thrive
The diets of adults tend to be high in __________.
fat
After the eighth week of pregnancy, the developing offspring is known as ________.
fetus
Participation in WIC is associated with ________.
fewer infant deaths
Neural tube defects may occur when women consume too little ____ before becoming pregnant.
folate
Compared to pregnancy, the RDA for nutrients changes during lactation ________.
for many nutrients, but not proportionately
For the best pregnancy outcome, overweight women (BMI > 26 to 29) should ________.
gain about 15 to 25 pounds during pregnancy
Compression of morbidity can be defined as ___________.
having the greatest number of healthy years and the fewest number of years with illness
Which component of weight gain accounts for the greatest amount of increased weight during pregnancy?
infant
Which protein in human milk increases iron absorption?
lactoferrin
The primary carbohydrate in the diet of most infants is ___________.
lactose
A low birth weight infant weighs __________.
less than 5.5 pounds
To help children develop good nutritional habits, ___________.
let children make some choices about the food they eat
It is recommended that honey not be given to infants because it ___________.
may contain Clostridium botulinum spores
Adolescents often have smaller babies than mature women. They are advised to gain more weight during pregnancy to ________.
meet the mother's growth needs
Compared to foremilk, hind milk has ________.
more fat
The RDA for iron during pregnancy increases greatly. To reach this level the pregnant woman may __________.
need to take a low-dose iron supplement
Typical signs of dehydration in an infant are ________.
no or few tears when crying
Which of the following factors may deplete a woman's nutrient stores?
numerous previous pregnancies
The largest group of adults at risk for nutrient deficiencies is ____________.
older adults living in long-term care facilities
The let-down reflex in breastfeeding is controlled by ___________.
oxytocin
The practice of eating non-food substances, such as clay or laundry starch, during pregnancy is called ________.
pica
Which is NOT a common mealtime challenge with preschoolers?
pica
A diet rich in fiber helps adults to ________.
reduce risk of heart disease
Which cereal is least likely to cause allergies in infants?
rice
A nursing infant is getting enough milk if the infant __________.
shows normal weight gain
Infants born after 37 weeks' gestation and weighing less than 5½ pounds are labeled ________.
small for gestational age
Introducing solid foods to an infant's diet before the infant needs them can ________.
strain the young infant's organs
The high metabolic rate of infants results from __________.
the large surface area of its body
During adulthood, nutrients are used primarily _________.
to maintain the body
The protein needs of an infant are about ____ as much per pound of body weight as adults.
twice
When adolescence ends, females have ____ as much lean body mass as males.
two-thirds
On average, a full-term infant at birth ___________.
weighs 7 to 8 pounds and is about 20 inches long
To avoid constipation, pregnant women should increase intake of ________.
whole-grain bread, bran, and fruits
