Nutrition Final

Your friend, Paul, is trying to gain weight at a healthy rate (1/2 - 2 lbs per week or 10% of initial weight in a 6 month period). His starting weight was 140 pounds and, 3 months later, he is right on track. In theory, what would you expect his weight to be at that point (3 months in)?

147 pounds

Using the HAMMI equation (Rule of 5's and 6's), estimate the appropriate weight range for an adult male who is 5'10".

149 lbs - 183 lbs (median weight = 166 lbs)

Your friend, Jessica, is trying to loose weight at a healthy rate (1/2 - 2 lbs per week or 10% of initial weight in a 6 month period). Her starting weight was 220 pounds and, 3 months later, she is right on track. In theory, what would you expect his weight to be at that point (3 months in)?

209 pounds

A pound of body fat provides about ________ kcal.

3500

Which of the following is a common sign or symptom of iron deficiency anemia?

All of the choices are correct.

Good food sources of Vitamin A include

Apricots, Pumpkins, Spinach, Sweet Potatoes

Which of the following foods is an excellent source of heme iron?

Beef steak

Which of the following body fat assessment techniques relies on the principle that water and electrolytes conduct electricity?

Bioelectrical impedance

Which of the following minerals is necessary for proper muscle contraction?

Calcium

_____________ (or mental retardation) can result from a deficiency of __________ during pregnancy.

Cretinism, Iodine

Which of the following food groups includes foods that are rich sources of riboflavin?

Dairy

_______ occurs when the normal shape of a protein is disrupted by exposure to heat or acid.

Denaturation

This segment of the small intestine is connected to the stomach and is where bile, bicarbonate, and other digestive juice enter the small intestine.

Duodenum

Which of the following statements is true?

Excessive thirst and frequent urination are signs of diabetes.

The term "appetite" describes a biological need for food.

False

Which of the following foods is a natural source of vitamin D?

Fatty fish and fish oils

This water-vitamin helps prevent neural tube defects like spina bifida and anencephaly.

Folate

Which of the following foods is not a good source of calcium?

Fried chicken

Which form of iron is more readily absorbed in the human intestinal tract?

Heme iron

The risk of dehydration in older adults compared to younger adults is

Higher

This sphincter is situated between the small intestine and colon.

Ileocecal Valve

Why is taking excess amounts of fat-soluble vitamins more likely to cause toxicity than taking excesses of water-soluble vitamins?

In general, excesses of fat-soluble vitamins cannot be excreted as easily as water-soluble vitamins.

In the United States, salt is fortified with _____ to help prevent cretinism.

Iodine

A goiter may develop as a result of

Iodine Deficiency

Which of the following is NOT true about Folate?

It must be bound to intrinsic factor (in the stomach) to be properly absorbed and utilized

Following absorption, galactose and fructose are converted to glucose in the

Liver

This major mineral is required for bone mineralization and nerve transmission. Food sources include nuts, legumes, whole grains, and dark green vegetables.

Magnesium

Which of the following measurement techniques is a convenient, practical, and inexpensive way to determine if a person has an unhealthy distribution of body fat?

Measuring the person's waist circumference

In the body, Vitamin A plays important roles in all of the following EXCEPT

Muscle Contraction

A deficiency of this water-soluble vitamin is characterized by "the 4 D's" (dermatitis, dimentia, diarrhea, and death) are characteristics of a deficiency of this water-soluble vitamin.

Niacin

________ is added to refined grain products as part of the enrichment process.

Niacin

______ can be synthesized from tryptophan and _______ can be synthesized by bacteria in the GI tract.

Niacin, Vitamin K

Which of the following statements is true?

Oxidized LDL contributes to arterial plaque buildup.

This water-soluble vitamin is widely distributed in foods but destroyed by freezing. A deficiency is associated with Burning Foot Syndrome (a condition observed in WWII POW soldiers).

Pantothenic Acid

Bananas, potatoes, tomatoes, milk, and other dairy products are all excellent food sources of this mineral (which is also an electrolyte).

Potassium

Which of the following foods contains a protein that decreases the bioavailability of Biotin?

Raw Eggs

Which of the following foods is a rich source of vitamin C?

Red peppers

Which of the following substances is a complex carbohydrate?

Soluble fiber

________ is added to refined grain products as part of the enrichment process.

Thiamin

A food-borne illness is a sickness caused by pathogens or their toxins in food.

True

A person who has a BMI of 17.0 has a greater risk of infections than a person who has a BMI of 21.0.

True

Carbohydrates are created via photosynthesis in plants.

True

Consumers of regular soft drinks are likely to have excessive energy intakes that contribute to weight gain.

True

Fiber-rich diets contribute to weight loss by causing a person to feel full.

True

Full activation of vitamin D from food sources and sunlight exposure requires both a healthy liver and healthy kidneys.

True

It is generally safe to eat food a day or two after the Sell-By Date.

True

Obesity increases the risk of sleep apnea.

True

Raw meats should be packed in separate plastic bags at the market or grocery store.

True

The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) for Protein is 10 - 35% of kcals.

True

This photo shows a woman washing fresh produce in the kitchen sink. She is showing the proper washing technique by holding the carrot under fresh running water to remove dirt and bacteria that may be clinging to the surface.

True

Vitamin A plays an important role in bone growth and development.

True

Which of the following populations is at the greatest risk for a vitamin B-12 deficiency?

Vegans

The GREEN section of MyPlate resents which food group?

Vegetables

A deficiency of this fat-soluble vitamin results in xerophthalmia (irreversible blindness)

Vitamin A

This water-soluble vitamin is only found in animal products and is sensitive to microwave heating.

Vitamin B12

Vegans are at risk for a deficiency of this vitamin because it is only found in animal products.

Vitamin B12

This vitamin is stored in muscle tissue and is required for the synthesis of heme and nucleic acids.

Vitamin B6

Scurvy results with a deficiency of this water-soluble vitamin.

Vitamin C

This water-soluble vitamin is an example of an antioxidant.

Vitamin C

This fat-soluble vitamin is often referred to as the "Sunshine Vitamin".

Vitamin D

Rickets, Osteomalacia, and Osteoporosis are all associated with a

Vitamin D Deficiency

Significant amounts of this nutrient can be found in vegetable oils and wheat germ.

Vitamin E

This fat-soluble vitamin acts as an antioxidant in the body. It is also needed for wound healing.

Vitamin E

This fat-soluble vitamin is found in wheat germ and vegetable oils.

Vitamin E

Babies are given an oral dose or injection of this fat-soluble vitamin shortly after birth.

Vitamin K

This fat-soluble vitamin can be synthesized (made) in the GI tract

Vitamin K

Which of the following is NOT true about water?

Water is necessary for immune function.

Which of the following foods is not a common source of food-borne pathogens?

White Bread

Which of the following minerals is associated with taste acuity (taste perception) and normal growth and development?

Zinc

Consuming a diet rich in potassium has been associated with ________ blood pressure.

a reduction in

A common role of B vitamins is that they ________.

are important in energy metabolism as part of coenzymes

Omega-3 fatty acids ________.

are polyunsaturated fatty acids

Consuming too much avidin, a protein found in raw egg whites, may inhibit ________ absorption.

biotin

Vitamin A plays a critical role in all of the following functions EXCEPT _______.

blood clotting

Eric's waist circumference is 42 inches. Based on this information, he has a high risk of ________.

cardiovascular disease

The organic cofactors that help enzymes catalyze reactions are called __________.

coenzymes

Consuela is an overweight young woman who wants to lose 10 pounds. The most reliable and safe way for her to lose this weight is to ________.

decrease her usual daily energy intake

Phil is a healthy college student. When he wakes up in the morning, he can't wait to eat breakfast. While he is asleep and before he consumes food or beverages, his pancreas secretes ________ to maintain his blood glucose level within normal limits.

glucagon

When muscle cells have more glucose than they need for energy, they may store some of the excess as

glycogen

The introduction of iodized salt in the 1920s dramatically reduced rates of ________ in the United States.

goiter

Regardless of the type of diabetes, the primary sign of the disease is ________, abnormally elevated blood glucose levels.

hyperglycemia

Betty is constipated; she generally has bowel movements only twice a week. To help relieve her constipation without taking medications, Betty should

increase her intake of foods that contain insoluble fiber.

Calcitonin ________.

is secreted when blood levels of calcium are too high

The synthesis of fatty acids is known as _____________.

lipogenesis

In the body, vitamin A helps ________.

maintain epithelial cells

Iodine is necessary for ________.

maintaining normal thyroid function

Lactose is the disaccharide in

milk.

Based on the blood pressure reading shown on the meter (117/78), this individual's blood pressure would be categorized as _______.

normal

Zane had his blood pressure measured at a health fair. The blood pressure reading was 116/76. This is considered ________.

normal

The human body can absorb some of the ________ that is synthesized by intestinal bacteria.

thiamin

Even though eggs and milk contain very little niacin, these foods can support the body's niacin status because some of the _______ in these foods can be converted into niacin in the body.

tryptophan

Ron's diet lacks niacin. He hasn't developed pellagra, because he consumes a high-protein diet that contains plenty of ________, the precursor for niacin.

tryptophan

Mrs. Kaplan is a 64-year-old woman who complains of extreme fatigue, frequent dizzy spells, and difficulty concentrating. Her blood tests reveal megaloblastic anemia and the presence of anti-intrinsic factor antibodies. Mrs. Kaplan's physician diagnoses her with pernicious anemia, the result of an autoimmune disease that impairs her absorption of _______.

vitamin B-12

In the United States, newborns receive an injection of ________ to prevent ________.

vitamin K; bleeding

Yesterday, Jenny ran in a marathon race. While she ran, she drank several large cups of water at water stations along the race course. At the end of the race, she experienced difficulty making it to the finish line. She was confused, and she complained of having a headache and feeling dizzy. Based on this information, Jenny was probably suffering from ________.

water intoxication

A young man in a rural Iranian village eats very little meat and dairy products, but his diet contains a lot of unleavened whole-grain flat bread. He is very short for his age; his sexual organs are not fully developed; his intelligence is lower than normal; and he suffers from iron-deficiency anemia. Based on this information, the man probably has a(n) ________ deficiency.

zinc