Nutrition Final

The _____ is the primary site for vitamin absorption in the body. Select one: a. pancreas b. gall bladder c. small intestine d. large intestine e. stomach

. small intestine

A serving of food contains 25 g carbohydrate, 10 g protein, and 1 g fat, 5 mg iron, and 20 mg vitamin C. Based on this information, a serving of this food supplies Select one: a. 149 kcal b. 335 kcal c. 212 kcal d. 456 kcal

149 kcal

In 2009 to 2010, about _____ % of Americans who were 20 years of age and older were obese. Select one: a. 48 b. 24 c. 16 d. 36

36

Bethaney is 20 years of age and weighs 50 kg. Based on her body weight, her RDA for protein is _____ grams. Select one: a. 40 b. 45 c. 50 d. 35

40

Which of the following foods is a high-protein snack that can replace a snack that contains animal proteins? Select one: a. A slice of American cheese b. A banana c. A handful of unsalted peanuts d. 1 ounce of baby carrots

A handful of unsalted peanuts

_____ is the primary source of direct energy for cells. Select one: a. All macronutrients b. ATP c. Fat d. Protein e. Glucose

ATP

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. The body needs more time to digest a high-carbohydrate meal than a high-fat meal. b. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) begins the partial digestion of fats in the small intestine. c. Acid reflux often results when the gastroesophageal sphincter fails to close properly. d. A thin layer of chyme protects the lining of the digestive tract from being broken down by enzymes.

Acid reflux often results when the gastroesophageal sphincter fails to close properly.

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Aerobic exercise involves rhythmic, sustained contractions of large muscle groups. b. Walking, bowling and playing golf are forms of vigorous-intensity physical activity. c. If you can't have a conversation with your friends while exercising, you're working your large muscle groups at a moderate-intensity level. d. You can't consider household chores as forms of physical activity because of the low-intensity level of the activities.

Aerobic exercise involves rhythmic, sustained contractions of large muscle groups.

Which of the following foods is a rich source of vitamin E? Select one: a. Apples b. Enriched white wheat flour c. Almonds d. Fat-free milk e. Ground beef

Almonds

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. The aging process causes muscle cells to become fat cells. b. As people grow older, their metabolic rates decline. c. Inactivity causes muscle cells to become fat cells. d. An average woman has a higher metabolic rate than an average man. e. Fat cells require more energy to function than muscle cells.

As people grow older, their metabolic rates decline.

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Because margarine is a substitute for butter, it is classified as a dairy food. b. Most food guides classify milk in the protein foods group. c. Avocados and some types of fish can be grouped with oils. d. Most food guides include cream as a member of the dairy foods group.

Avocados and some types of fish can be grouped with oils.

Which of the following is a provitamin or precursor for vitamin A? Select one: a. Alpha-tocopherol b. Vitamin K1 c. Biotin d. Beta-carotene e. Retinol

Beta-carotene

Which of the following menu items has ingredients that represent four different MyPlate food groups? Select one: a. Ready-to-eat cereal with strawberries, blueberries, and fat-free milk b. Toasted cheese sandwich made with American cheese, Swiss cheese, and two slices of buttered whole-wheat bread c. Smoothie made with vanilla yogurt, fat-free milk, orange juice, wheat germ, and fresh peaches d. Casserole made with canned tuna, green onions, noodles, and cheddar cheese

Casserole made with canned tuna, green onions, noodles, and cheddar cheese

Which of the following vitamins can be made by the human body? Select one: a. D b. Biotin c. B12 d. C e. E

D

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Daily Values are dietary standards developed for food labeling purposes. b. If you do not consume 100% of the Daily Values for nutrients, you have a high risk of developing nutritional deficiency disorders. c. Daily Values are nutrient recommendations that are based on the EERs for adults. d. Daily Values have been established for each nutrient.

Daily Values are dietary standards developed for food labeling purposes.

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Glucose is the primary fuel for resting muscles. b. Compared to a glucose molecule, a fatty acid molecule has more oxygen atoms in relation to carbon atoms. c. During high-intensity exercise, muscle cells burn more glucose than fat for energy. d. ATP is broken down into lactic acid during aerobic exercise. e. Amino acids are a major source of energy for contracting muscles.

During high-intensity exercise, muscle cells burn more glucose than fat for energy.

Which of the following substances is a nutrient that provides energy for humans? Select one: a. Alcohol b. Water c. Vitamin D d. Fat e. Caffeine

Fat

A serving of food supplies 25 g carbohydrate, 20 g fat, 20 g protein, and 100 g water. Which of the following statements is true about a serving of the food? a.Water provides the most food energy b. Carbohydrate provides the most food energy c. Fat provides the most food energy d. Protein provides about 50% of total cal

Fat provides the most food energy

Which of the following foods is a source of phytochemicals? Select one: a. Fresh blueberries b. Raw egg whites c. Lean meat d. Fat-free milk

Fresh blueberries

A chemist would like to develop butter product that includes omega-3 fatty acids and a phytochemical which may reduce the risk of heart disease. The chemist is trying to develop a(n) Select one: a. Essential nutrient b. Supplement c. Balanced diet d. Weight loss aid e. Functional food

Functional food

Which of the following foods is naturally a rich source of phytochemicals? Select one: a. Grapes b. Tuna c. Cheese d. Butter e. Hamburger

Grapes

Which of the following microbes is associated with an increased risk of developing peptic ulcers? Select one: a. C. botulinum b. S. aureus c. H. pylori d. E. coli

H. pylori

Why is taking excess amounts of fat-soluble vitamins more likely to cause toxicity than taking excesses of water-soluble vitamins? Select one: a. In general, water-soluble vitamins are more likely to be stored in the body than fat-soluble vitamins. b. In general, excesses of fat-soluble vitamins cannot be excreted as easily as water-soluble vitamins. c. The body has higher requirements for fat-soluble vitamins. d. The body has higher requirements for water-soluble vitamins.

In general, excesses of fat-soluble vitamins cannot be excreted as easily as water-soluble vitamins.

_____ is an essential amino acid. Select one: a. Aspartic acid b. Leucine c. Serine d. Polypeptide

Leucine

Which athlete would likely benefit the most from carb loading? Select one: a. College volleyball player b. Marathoner c. Recreational basketball player d. Olympic figure skater e. Professional bowler

Marathoner

_____ is the sum of all chemical reactions that occur in living cells. Select one: a. Metabolism b. Digestion c. Chyme d. Homeostasis

Metabolism

While in class, Barry can't seem to sit still. He constantly taps his feet on the floor and frequently shifts his position. The energy Barry uses for these movements is classified as Select one: a. resting metabolism. b. hydrothermic exercise calorimetrics. c. NEAT. d. basal metabolism. e. thermic effect of food.

NEAT.

Which of the following is a vitamin that plays a direct role in energy metabolism? Select one: a. All of these b. Niacin c. None of these d. Choline e. Folate

Niacin

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. To achieve optimal health, you should individualize your diet to match your blood type, eye color, and other physical characteristics. b. Nutritional needs of healthy people vary during different life stages, such as infancy and pregnancy. c. Regardless of their ages and physical conditions, people never need to take dietary supplements that include vitamins and minerals. d. By taking dietary supplements that provide nutrients and phytochemicals, people can maintain good health without eating foods.

Nutritional needs of healthy people vary during different life stages, such as infancy and pregnancy.

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Your body uses proteins to hydrogenate glucose in cell membranes. b. Portions of protein molecules bind to excess nitrogen in blood. c. Many hormones, including insulin, are proteins. d. Proteins are the primary sources of energy for cells.

Proteins are the primary sources of energy for cells.

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Proteins in your blood help maintain proper fluid balance. b. Your body uses excess dietary protein to form the antibodies that cause infections. c. Structural proteins include fibrin and insulin. d. Proteins are your cells' primary energy source.

Proteins in your blood help maintain proper fluid balance.

The amount of a vitamin or mineral that meets about 98% of the population's need for the nutrient is the _____ for that nutrient. Select one: a. %DV b. UL c. RDA d. EAR

RDA

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Some absorption of alcohol occurs in the stomach. b. A thick layer of muscle tissue protects the lining of the stomach. c. The sense of taste contributes to the sense of smell. d. The lower gastroesophageal sphincter prevents chyme from entering the small intestine.

Some absorption of alcohol occurs in the stomach.

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. The sense of taste contributes to the sense of smell. b. The lower gastroesophageal sphincter prevents chyme from entering the small intestine. c. A thick layer of muscle tissue protects the lining of the stomach. d. Some absorption of alcohol occurs in the stomach.

Some absorption of alcohol occurs in the stomach.

To help conserve the vitamin content of foods, Select one: a. store in warm conditions, and expose to sunlight and air. b. cook slowly in large amounts of water. c. Steam or stir-fry until tender but not overcooked. d. add fat to vegetables during the cooking process.

Steam or stir-fry until tender but not overcooked.

Which of the following menu items is referred to as an "empty-calorie" food? Select one: a. Whole-grain breads b. Fat-free dairy products c. 100% fruit juices d. Sugar-sweetened soft drinks

Sugar-sweetened soft drinks

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. The FDA must review every health-related claim before a dietary supplement manufacturer can display the claim on a label. b. The FDA does not permit dietary supplement manufacturers to display structure/function claims on package labels. c. The FDA does not permit dietary supplement manufacturers to market their products as cures for diseases. d. The FDA has established Daily Values for nonnutrient dietary supplements.

The FDA does not permit dietary supplement manufacturers to market their products as cures for diseases.

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Dietitians use MyPyramid as the standard for assessing a population's nutrient adequacy. b. If you do not consume 100% of the RDA for vitamin C every day, you have a high risk of developing the vitamin's deficiency disease. c. The RDA for vitamin E meets the needs of nearly all healthy persons. d. Dietitians use Daily Values to determine the nutritional adequacy of Americans' diets.

The RDA for vitamin E meets the needs of nearly all healthy persons.

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. The esophagus is the muscular valve that connects the stomach to the small intestine. b. The pyloric sphincter controls the rate at which chyme enters the small intestine. c. Lean people have a higher risk of gallstones than obese people. d. The colon is the major site of nutrient absorption in the human digestive system.

The pyloric sphincter controls the rate at which chyme enters the small intestine.

Metabolism is Select one: a. A way of living b. A form of energy c. The total of all chemical reactions that occur in cells d. The rate at which cells produce energy e. A person's typical pattern of food choices

The total of all chemical reactions that occur in cells

he body can store large amounts of Select one: a. Riboflavin b. Vitamin C c. Thiamin d. Vitamin B12 e. Vitamin B6

Vitamin B12

Which of the following substances is a nutrient that doesn't supply any energy for the human body? Select one: a. Alcohol b. Vitamin C c. Protein d. Fat e. Carbohydrate

Vitamin C

_____ are fat-soluble vitamins. Select one: a. Vitamins K, E, and D b. Niacin, riboflavin, and thiamin c. Vitamins A, C, and D d. Vitamins B-12, B-6, and E e. Pantothenic acid, vitamin A, and choline

Vitamins K, E, and D

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Vitamins supply about 2 kcal per gram. b. Vitamins are partly defined by their ability to prevent a specific deficiency disorder. c. Foods generally contain larger amounts of vitamins than proteins or carbohydrates. d. Most vitamins can be made by the human body. e. The body excretes fat-soluble vitamins more easily than water-soluble vitamins.

Vitamins are partly defined by their ability to prevent a specific deficiency disorder.

Wendy is a 17-year-old world class gymnast who suffers from female athlete triad. Based on this information, she has Select one: a. high bone density. b. Hyperparathyroidism c. metabolic syndrome. d. abnormal menstrual cycles. e. type 1 diabetes.

abnormal menstrual cycles.

Dennis wants to gain weight, primarily as lean tissue. In addition to performing resistance exercise regularly, he should Select one: a. avoid aerobic activities on the days he doesn't lift weights and eat about 50% of total calories from saturated fat. b. supplement his diet with essential amino acids and limit his total fat intake to no more than 10% of total kilocalories. c. add nutrient-dense, healthy sources of energy to his diet, including fatty fish, whole-grain cereals, nuts, peanut butter, and olive oil. d. increase his protein intake to 60% of total energy intake, eat more complex carbohydrates, and take a multivitamin/multimineral supplement.

add nutrient-dense, healthy sources of energy to his diet, including fatty fish, whole-grain cereals, nuts, peanut butter, and olive oil.

Humans need vitamin B-6 for Select one: a. vitamin C recycling. b. amino acid metaboilsm c. blood clotting. d. magnesium absorption. e. activation of vitamin D.

amino acid metaboilsm

An Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) is the Select one: a. minimum amount of a nutrient that prevents the nutrient's deficiency disease in 98% of the population. b. optimal amount of a nutrient that 100% of the population can safely consume daily. c. range of intake for a particular nutrient that is not likely to cause toxicity or deficiency. d. amount of a nutrient that meets the needs of 50% of healthy people in a particular population.

amount of a nutrient that meets the needs of 50% of healthy people in a particular population.

A researcher has isolated an organic, water-soluble chemical from roses. After performing tests, the scientist determines that the chemical supplies no energy for cells, but protects cell membranes from being damaged by certain environmental factors. Based on this information, the researcher may have discovered a (an) Select one: a. antioxidant b. free radical c. carcinogen d. amino acid e. teratogen

antioxidant

Which of the following substances enhances fat-soluble vitamin absorption in the small intestine? Select one: a. pepsin b. bile c. pancreatic amylase d. hydrochloric acid

bile

According to the "set point theory," a person's Select one: a. body weight is influenced primarily by environmental factors. b. saturated fat intake strongly influences the rate at which he or she loses weight. c. metabolic rate remains the same, regardless of environmental or physical factors. d. body fat level is largely genetically determined.

body fat level is largely genetically determined.

The _____ is a numerical value that's based on the relationship between weight and risk of chronic health problems associated with excess body fat. Select one: a. waist/hip ratio b. basal metabolic rate c. skinfold thickness d. body mass index

body mass index

By performing exercise regularly, people can reduce their risk of Select one: a. cardiovascular disease. b. goiter. c. type 1 diabetes. d. spina bifida. e. pernicious anemia.

cardiovascular disease.

Melanie is a healthy 8-month-old baby who loves to eat carrots, peaches, apricots, and green beans. Recently, her skin turned yellow. Based on this information, Melanie has developed Select one: a. carotenemia b. kidney failure c. pernicious anemia d. rickets e. osteomalacia

carotenemia

When Thompson was 5 years of age, he began to complain that his stomach hurt, especially after eating meals and snacks. He also experienced weight loss and chronic diarrhea. His parents noticed that he could eat dairy foods, fruits, and vegetables without developing any intestinal problems, but he would get a "tummy ache" soon after eating sandwiches, crackers, or pancakes. Based on this information, Thompson's parents should have him tested for Select one: a. lactose intolerance b. sulfite sensitivity c. colon cancer d. celiac disease

celiac disease

Fred is a lactovegetarian. Which of the following foods does he eat? Select one: a. fish b. cheese c. eggs d. chicken

cheese

Becky's 2-year old son can't walk because he was born with spina bifida. To reduce the chances that her next baby is born with a neural tube defect, Becky should Select one: a. consume green leafy vegetables and take a folic acid supplement before getting pregnant. b. take pantothenic acid, B-6, and B-12 supplements before getting pregnant. c. eat at least 3 ounces of fatty fish three times a week, take vitamin A and D supplements and drink more fat-free milk during the first three months of pregnancy. d. take iron, zinc, and magnesium supplements during the first month of pregnancy, then eat more whole-grain breads and cereals for the remaining months of pregnancy.

consume green leafy vegetables and take a folic acid supplement before getting pregnant.

Marla is a healthy 30-year-old woman. She doesn't work out, but she consumes protein supplements because she thinks they will increase her muscle mass without the need to exercise. Based on this information, the excess amino acids in her diet will be mostly Select one: a. added to her muscle tissue. b. preferentially metabolized for energy over carbohydrates. c. converted into carbon skeletons and ammonia. d. excreted undigested in her stools and urine.

converted into carbon skeletons and ammonia.

Which of the following foods is a poor source of high-quality protein? Select one: a. 2% milk b. tuna steak c. corn chips d. soy milk

corn chips

Consuela is an overweight young woman who wants to lose 10 pounds in 10 weeks. The most reliable and safe way for her to lose this weight is to Select one: a. begin taking a supplement to blunt her appetite and increase her basal metabolic rate. b. increase her daily vitamin D intake. c. increase her protein-rich food intake. d. decrease her physical activity. e. decrease her usual energy intake by 500 kcal/day.

decrease her usual energy intake by 500 kcal/day.

The best way to reduce your risk of cancer is to Select one: a. eat red and processed meats at least 3 times per week. b. consume a high glycemic diet. c. take dietary supplements that contain vitamins C and E. d. eat a variety of fruits and vegetables daily.

eat a variety of fruits and vegetables daily.

In their efforts to avoid regaining the weight they have lost, members of the National Weight Control Registry tend to Select one: a. weigh themselves only once a month. b. skip meals, especially breakfast. c. exercise for at least 60 minutes daily. d. eat high-protein diets. e. eat very low carbohydrate diets.

exercise for at least 60 minutes daily.

Which of the following foods is the most nutrient dense per serving? Select one: a. Raw tomatoes b. Oatmeal cookie c. Margarine d. Tortilla chips

fat-free milk

Tim's body is shaped like a pear, because his excess body fat is distributed mostly below his waist. His body fat distribution is associated with Select one: a. None of these are correct because only females store fat in the pear-shaped pattern. b. more nutrient deficiency diseases than if the excess fat were in the upper part of his body. c. increased risk of osteoporosis, cystic fibrosis, and autoimmune diseases. d. fewer serious chronic health problems than if the excess fat were in the upper part of his body. e. increased risk of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease.

fewer serious chronic health problems than if the excess fat were in the upper part of his body.

Last night, Sara ate French fries, fried fish, and creamy cole slaw. For dessert, she had a chocolate milk shake. About an hour after eating this food, she suddenly complained of severe abdominal pain. Based on this information, Sara probably has Select one: a. colitis b. constipation c. aneurysms d. gallstones

gallstones

Devon has a rare condition characterized by the lack of saliva-producing cells. Based on this information, Devon probably Select one: a. bruises easily. b. has difficulty swallowing. c. experiences constipation frequently. d. rms smaller than normal blood cells.

has difficulty swallowing.

Four-year-old Eva was born with a rare condition characterized by the lack of mucus-producing cells in her digestive tract. Based on this information, Eva probably Select one: a. bruises easily. b. has numerous stomach ulcers. c. experiences stiff and painful joints. d. forms smaller than normal blood cells.

has numerous stomach ulcers.

Marcia's BMI is 24.2. Based on this information, her weight is in the _____ range. Select one: a. overweight b. underweight c. healthy d. morbid obese e. obese

healthy

ed is 10 years of age and is allergic to peanuts. If he accidentally eats peanuts he will likely quickly develop Select one: a. colitis b. bruises c. hives d. ulcers

hives

Vitamin C Select one: a. maintains rods and cones within the retina. b. is needed to properly form collagen. c. dissolves in the fatty portions of foods. d. acts as a coenzyme in certain reactions that release energy from glucose.

is needed to properly form collagen.

After being absorbed, most lipids become incorporated into chylomicrons and enter Select one: a. special cells lining the hepatic portal vein. b. lacteals within the villi. c. chyme. d. the duodenal ampulla.

lacteals within the villi.

The _____ helps form feces by absorbing excess water and electrolytes from chyme. Select one: a. lower stomach b. large intestine c. gallbladder d. pyloric valve

large intestine

Which of the following organs is not an accessory organ of the digestive system? Select one: a. liver b. gallbladder c. colon d. pancreas

liver

Food guides classify _____ with oils. Select one: a. American cheese b. ice cream c. mayonnaise

mayonnaise

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Most foods contain more than one nutrient b. Strawberries are an energy-dense food c. Milk, bananas, and soybeans are among the few nutritionally perfect foods for humans d. Sugary baked goods are "junk" foods and should not be eaten

most foods contain more than one nutrient

An essential nutrient Select one: a. is made by your body b. is necessary for proper vitamin and mineral utilization c. is only in foods from animal sources d. must be supplied by your diet

must be supplied by your diet

Every amino acid has _____ in its chemical structure. Select one: a. nitrogen b. potassium c. iron d. glucose

nitrogen

Paisley usually has four bowel movements each week. Based on this information, Paisley should Select one: a. increase her intake of high-fiber foods and fiber wafers to relieve her chronic constipation. b. take a gentle laxative so she has at least one bowel movement daily. c. avoid eating peppermint and dark chocolate because these foods can worsen constipation. d. not worry, because she is not constipated.

not worry, because she is not constipated.

Jameela is an Iranian woman living in poverty. She is not seen in public places without being covered almost completely in heavy veils. Her usual diet is comprised of legumes, small amounts of yogurt, whole-grain breads and rice, fruits, and a few vegetables. Based on this information, Jameela is most at risk of Select one: a. beriberi b. osteomalacia c. scurvy d. pellagra e. kwashiorkor

osteomalacia

B vitamins function as Select one: a. structural components of body cells. b. parts of coenzymes. c. chemical messengers. d. hormones.

parts of coenzymes.

Which of the following foods is a poor source of essential amino acids? Select one: a. fat-free milk b. tofu c. peaches d. sesame seeds

peaches

Which of the following substances participates in the digestion of proteins? Select one: a. lipase b. pepsin c. amylase d. bile salts

pepsin

A scientist discovers a chemical that is a chain of four amino acids. Each amino acid is connected to the other by a peptide bond. Based on the information, the chemical is a Select one: a. polypeptide b. glycoprotein c. phospholipid d. lipoprotein

polypeptide

The human body needs vitamin K to Select one: a. absorb phosphorus from foods. b. produce blood clotting factors. c. release the energy stored in glucose. d. make DNA.

produce blood clotting factors.

Which of the following conditions or behaviors is a characteristic sign of a person with anorexia nervosa? Select one: a. purging excessive caloric intake by inducing vomiting for over-exercising b. overeating in social situations c. having a metabolic rate that's 10 to 25% above normal d. consuming excessive doses of dietary supplements daily e. maintaining a body weight that's 15% or more below the normal weight for his or her height

purging excessive caloric intake by inducing vomiting for over-exercising

Which of the following foods is the most nutrient dense per serving? Select one: a. Raw tomatoes b. Oatmeal cookie c. Margarine d. Tortilla chips

raw tomatoes

Kayla was a participant in a clinical study to determine how much vitamin C cures scurvy, the vitamin's deficiency disease. During the study, Kayla consumed only a formula diet that was nutritionally complete, except it did not contain vitamin C. Within a few weeks, Kayla developed scurvy. At that point, researchers gave 2 mg vitamin C to Kayla each day for a week, but her signs and symptoms of scurvy remained. In the weeks that followed, the scientists continued to increase Kayla's intake of the vitamin by 2 mg/week. After a week of taking 10 mg of vitamin C/day, Kayla reported feeling much better. Based on this information, the researchers concluded that Kayla's Select one: a. RDA for vitamin C was 10 mg, plus 15 mg as a margin of safety. b. requirement for vitamin C was 10 mg. c. EER for vitamin C was about 10 mg d. AI for vitamin C was 100 mg, which was 10 times the amount that cured her case of scurvy.

requirement for vitamin C was 10 mg.

When following recipes, Candice wants to use fats that are not solid fats. Which of the following fats should she use? Select one: a. lard b. shortening c. unsalted butter d. safflower oil

safflower oil

Chyme is the Select one: a. large particle that transports lipids throughout the bloodstream. b. material absorbed by lacteals that the liver must detoxify and excrete. c. organelle that maintains fluid balance within intestinal cells. d. semisolid liquid formed by the partial digestion of food in the stomach.

semisolid liquid formed by the partial digestion of food in the stomach.

Adipose cells function to Select one: a. store glucose and alter body functions through hypertrophy. b. None of these answers are fully correct. c. store glucose and fat. d. store fat and alter body functions through adipokines. e. only store fat.

store fat and alter body functions through adipokines.

A nutrient requirement is Select one: a. the recommended daily intake of a nutrient. b. an amount of a nutrient that ensures optimal nutritional status. c. the smallest amount of a nutrient that maintains a particular level of nutritional health. d. a biological need for a nutrient that has a margin of safety amount factored into the value.

the smallest amount of a nutrient that maintains a particular level of nutritional health.

Which of the following substances is a major factor that influences a person's metabolic rate? Select one: a. leptin b. salivary amylase c. parathyroid hormone d. thyroid hormone e. ghrelin

thyroid hormone

According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2015, _____ are unhealthy and should be consumed in limited amounts. Select one: a. trans-fats b. grilled meats c. dietary supplements d. potassium-rich foods

trans-fat

Overweight and obese people have a greater risk of _____ than people who aren't overfat. Select one: a. low blood pressure b. rickets c. pernicious anemia d. skin cancer e. type 2 diabetes

type 2 diabetes

During the past two months, Theresa has had intestinal pain after eating and diarrhea, and she's noticed blood in her feces. Additionally, she's lost about 10 pounds. Based on this information, Theresa should be tested for Select one: a. gallstones. b. gastroesophageal reflux disease. c. irritable bowel syndrome. d. ulcerative colitis.

ulcerative colitis.

Diet refers to a person's Select one: a. current nutrient intake. b. weight loss efforts. c. usual pattern of food choices. d. current nutrient intake.

usual pattern of food choices.

The lining of the small intestine is covered with _____, tiny, finger-like structures that absorb nutrients from food. Select one: a. rugae b. haustra c. villi d. lacteals

villi

Erika is a vegan. She is at risk for a serious nutritional deficiency of _____ in her diet. Select one: a. folate b. magnesium c. vitamin B12 d. essential fatty acids

vitamin B12