nutrition final

38. Moderate drinking is most accurately defined as

1 drink women, 2 drinks men

25. The reference calorie intake for calculating percent daily values on nutrition facts labels is

2000 kcal

29. If a group of people consumed an amount of protein equal to the estimated average requirement for their life stage, what percentage would receive insufficient amounts?

33

• Infant iron stores are exhausted by

4 to 6 months of age and need to be replaced by their diet

• What percent of calories should total fat make up in an infant's diet

40-50%

37. Perishable foods should be held either below _____ F or above ______ F

41, 135

11. Of the total day energy intake, recommend carbs provide ____ of energy

45-65%

37. Binge drinking for males is defined as having _ or more in single occasion

5

20. A snack bar contains about 17 grams of carbohydrates, 1 gram of fat, and 1 gram of protein. How many kcals does it contain?

81

47. The stomach is protected from digesting itself by producing

A thick layer of mucus to coat the lining of the stomach

35. ADH pathway of alcohol metabolism converts ethanol into

Acetyl CoA

48. The stomach can absorb

Alcohol

21. Which is true about dietary reference intakes?

Apply to people in Canada and U.S., differ by age group, include RDA and tolerable upper intake levels, created by food and nutrition board

24. Daily values differ from recommended dietary allowances in that daily values

Are used on nutrition facts panels, are based on 2 sets of dietary standards, are not gender specific

31. Food insecurity is

Associated with impaired physical and mental health in children in the U.S.

• A child is considered underweight when

BMI for age drops below the 5th percentile

36. An example of an incidental food additive in our food supply is

BPA, used to increase durability of some food and beverages

9. Amylose and amylopectin contain _______bonds, responsible for starch digestibility

Beta

2. Energy yielding nutrients include

Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats `

10. Which is an insoluble fiber

Cellulose

15. Following lipids is a precursor for estrogen and bile

Cholesterol

45. The fluid mixture that moves from the stomach to the duodenum is called

Chyme

16. Use approx. 20% of fat as monosaturated fats. All of following would be approporiate to use to achieve goal except ______

Coconut oil

35. The most common application of genetic engineering of foods is to

Confer resistance to pesticides applied to kill weeds and insects

10. The main function of vitamins is to

Enable chemical reactions in the body to occur

43. Redox reactions in body are controlled by

Enzymes

1. Nutrients causing some signs of poor health when consumed in less than adequate amounts are called _____

Essential nutrients

50. Beta oxidation is process by which ____

Fatty acids break apart from acetyl CoA

6. Complex carbohydrates not broken down by digestive processes are

Fiber

48. Amino acids that can be converted into pyruvate or enter CAC directly are called

Glucogenic amino acids

3. The body is capable of making glucose from non carb nutrients by process called_____?

Gluconeogenesis

4. Which is not a complex carbohydrate?

Glucose

14. Phospholipids consist of

Glycerol, two fatty acids, phosphate

3. Which of the following are sources of carbohydrates?

Grains, fruits, and vegetables

17. Fats that are liquid at room temp can be made more solid by process of

Hydrogenation

42. The chemical reaction sucrose + H2O -> fructose + glucose is an example of

Hydrolysis

36. When Meos pathway induced alcohol tolerance __ because alcohol metabolism ______

Increase, increase

15. Nutrition related objectives of healthy people 2020 include

Increasing vegetable intake, increasing calcium intake, and reducing childhood obesity

8. While _____ suppresses gluconeogenesis __________ increases glucose breakdown

Insulin, glucagon

11. Which is a trace mineral?

Iron

• Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the DASH diet?

It is low in protein

46. After fasting 1 week, person adapts to using _ for some of its fuel needs

Ketones

5. Primary lactoses maldigestion results from

Lactase insufficiency

50. Bile is formed in the ______ and stored in the ______

Liver, gallbladder

42. When a compound is oxidized _ one or more electrons

Loses

9. Proteins can be described as

Made of building blocks called amino acids

30. What eating behavior does MyPlate encourage?

Make at least half your grains whole grains

1. Three important disaccharides are

Maltose, sucrose, lactose

14. In north America, the main sources of protein are

Meat, seafood, and dairy products

19. Which nutrients do not provide energy?

Minerals and vitamins

44. Human digestion of food begins in the ________, where the enzyme ______ breaks down a small amount of starch

Mouth, amylase

47. Before protein becomes energy source_____ must be removed from molecule

NH2

43. Bicarbonate ions from the pancreas

Neutralize the acid contents in the duodenum

18. Which element is found in protein but not in carbohydrates?

Nitrogen

18. In Mediterranean diet, majority of fat is supplied by

Olive oil and olives

7. Insulin is made in the

Pancreas

19. Lecithin is classified as

Phospholipid

13. Phytochemicals are

Plant substances that provide health benefits

41. Photosynthesis occurs in plants and uses energy from the sun to

Produce energy yielding compounds

8. The main structural material of the body is

Protein

12. What is true regarding fatty acid

Raise blood cholesterol (And LDL) and lower HDL cholesterol

45. Glycolysis is process involving

Reaction converting glucose to pyruvate

23. Which dietary reference intake is set high enough to meet the needs of 97-98% of the populations?

Recommended dietary allowances

40. Flavin adenine dinucleotide is coenzyme form of vitamin

Riboflavin

12. Minerals are needed for

Skeletal system, functioning of nervous system, water balance

49. Most of the digestive processes occur in the

Small intestine

39. Early sign of alcohol liver damage is

Steatosis (fatty liver)

5. An important function of carbohydrates is to

Supply energy

4. After digestion and absorption dietary carbs may be

Synthesized into fat, used for energy, converted to glycogen

32. The U.S. government assistance program that provides vouchers for food purchases to low income pregnant women, infants, and children is

The WIC program

46. Heartburn is caused by

The backflow of acidic stomach contents into the esophagus

2. Majority of glucose is transported to ________ after absorption?

The liver

• Which is true about herbs?

There is little regulation regarding herbal supplements in the U.S.

22. An adequate intake is set for a nutrient when

Too little research is available to establish an RDA

7. A major form of a lipid in foods is

Triglyceride

13. In what form is body fat stored

Triglycerides

33. The U.S. government agency that administers most food and nutrition assistance programs is the

United states department of agriculture

34. Which of the following food productions methods is not allowed with organic foods?

Use of synthetic fertilizers

44. Major end product of ETC are

Water, CO2, ATP

28. Labeling laws require that ingredients in food products be listed on the container in descending order of their

Weight

27. Which of the following represents the most energy dense meal?

Whole milk, peanut butter and jelly sandwich on white bread, tortilla chips

• Hemochromatosis

a genetic condition causing excess absorption of dietary iron

• During the first two weeks of conception, the developing offspring is known as

a zygote

28. protein help regulate blood pH by ___

accepting and releasing hydrogen ions

• Except for pregnancy and lactation, the total quantities of nutrients and calories needed during

adolescence are greater than any other stage of the life cycle

• Decreased learning capacity in childhood has been linked to exposure to

alcohol during fetal life

33. process of fermentation involves following except

bacteria

• Calorie needs decline after age 30 years or so because

basal metabolism declines

• High-protein diets are not good for infants

because the infant's kidneys cannot clear large amounts of urea every day

• Measuring blood calcium levels is not an accurate indicator of total body calcium because

blood calcium levels are controlled by hormones and do not reflect total body stores

49. In body excess amino acids are

burned as fuel or stored as fat

• Pregnancy- induced hypertension

can develop into a deadly condition called eclampsia

• Phytic acid binds minerals so that they cannot be absorbed. Phytic acid is found in

cereal grain and fibers

• In humans, impaired glucose tolerance and weight loss have been associated with dietary deficiency of

chromium

25. when 2 or more plant proteins are combined to compensate for deficiencies in essential amino acid content in each protein, proteins are called

complementary proteins

• Individuals with Wilson's disease over accumulate

copper: in the liver and brain

• As dehydration progresses and blood volume decreases, blood pressure will_, and heat rate will_

decrease, increase

27. when food proteins reach stomach HCL _____ the protein

denatures

• The amount of selenium in foods

depends on the amount of selenium in foods, depends on the amount of selenium in the soil where crops are grown

• The fetus accumulates most of its body fat and mineral stores

during the third trimester

32. marasmus is characterized by

extreme weight loss and fat loss

• Iron is stored in the liver as

ferritin

40. the food is most likely to be contaminated with dioxins, mercury, and/or polychlorinated biphenyls is

fish

• An increased requirement for_ during pregnancy is partly due to its role in the synthesis of red blood cells

folate

16. _____ dictate the types and amounts of nutrients in food that will be transformed and reassembled into body structures and compounds

genes

• Obese pregnant women have an increased risk for

gestational diabetes

• Elevated blood concentrations of__ are associated with increased risk for stroke and neurological decline in some early adults

homocysteine

• Which food on this list is NOT appropriate for an infant less than one year old

honey

29. bio value of food protein is measure of

how closely it meets amino acid needs

• An ample intake of potassium-rich foods may help protect against

hypertension

22. if protein intake does not meet body need for building and repair of tissues

immune system fails, skeletal, heart muscles and liver decrease in size, excess body fluid accumulates

38. prions are ____

infectious proteins associated with mad cow disease

• Cretinism may form as a consequence of a severe deficiency of

iodine

• The first solid food usually introduced to the infant's diet is

iron-fortified infant cereals

• Why is cow's milk not recommended for infants?

its protein content is too high

30. high protein diet is discouraged for patients with

kidney disease

41. Which of the following organs is not part of the digestive organ system?

kidneys

26. which of the following conditions result in negative nitrogen balance

kwashiorkor

• When we obtain calcium from a dietary supplement, the absorption of magnesium and copper from food may be reduced because

magnesium and copper both have the same valence as the calcium, so there is competition for absorption sites

• The richest sources of iron in the diet are

meats and seafood

• In iron-deficiency anemia, the red blood cells are usually classified as

microcytic and hypochromic

• Compared to foremilk, hind milk has

more fat

• Excessive fluoride exposure during tooth development can cause

mottling of teeth

• The richest sources of copper are

nuts and dark chocolate

• Physiological anemia that occurs during pregnancy

occurs because the plasma expands more than the number of red blood cells

• The largest group of adults at risk for nutrient deficiencies is

older adults living in long-term care facilities

• The force that develops when two solutions, each with a different concentration of solutes, are separated by a semi-permeable membrane is

osmotic pressure

• The let-down reflex in breastfeeding is controlled by

oxytocin

• Which group of foods would provide the most bioavailable zinc

oysters and other seafood

21. high dense lipoproteins function in lipid transport by

picking up cholesterol from dying cells and other sources for delivery to other lipoproteins and liver for disposal

• The richest dietary sources of magnesium are

plant products, e.g., beef and milk

24. sequential order of amino acids in polypeptide chain is called the

primary structure

39. ingesting moldy food can cause disease because the mold

produces toxins that can cause kidney and liver damage

• The ability to produce milk is affected by the hormone

prolactin

6. Example of oligosaccharide

raffinose

17. Which is true about saturated fats

saturated fats raise blood cholesterol, tend to be solid at room temp, many animal fats are rich in saturated fats, saturated fats provide 9 kcal/g

• The mineral that partly "spares" the antioxidant vitamin E is

selenium

34. alcohol is absorbed in the small intestine by

simple diffusion

• Minerals most involved in fluid balance are

sodium and potassium

• An older relative has recently been placed on anticoagulant medications. Her doctor did not make any dietary recommendations. Which of the following foods would you suggest that your relative avoid until further discussing her medication with her doctor?

spinach

26. what type of claim is 'calcium builds strong bones and teeth'

structure/function claim

• Urea is a major body waste from

the catabolism of amino acids

20. Lipoproteins classified as a

transport of fats in blood and lymphatic system

• Serious fetal malformations may occur when pregnant women consume very large doses of

vitamin A

31. a vegan diet may be low in

vitamin B-12, iron, calcium

• Which nutrient increases the absorption of non-heme iron by reducing ferric iron to ferrous iron?

vitamin C

• The human body has more of this substance (by weight) than any other substance

water

23. good sources of protein include all but

whole wheat

• A dietary deficiency of_, is associated with retarded growth and inadequate sexual development in humans

zinc

• Insufficient intakes of__ by adults may contribute to loss of taste sensations and delayed would healing

zinc