Nutrition Final

The best way to determine if a teenager is growing normally is to:

a. use growth charts developed for teenagers.

Much of the vitamin E people consume comes from

a. vegetable oils and products made from them

waist circumference reflects the degree of ____ in proportion to body fatness

a. visceral fatness

Which of the following is not used as an antioxidant in foods?

a. vitamin A

Which of the following determines whether the mother is able to grow a healthy placenta?

a.the mother's prepregnancy nutrition

For CVD prevention, trans fat in the diet should account for less than _____ percent of calories.

b. 1

The ideal pattern of weight gain for a healthy-weight woman is thought to be about _____ pounds total during the first three months of pregnancy.

b. 3 1/2

During the second trimester of pregnancy, a daily increase of _____ calories above the allowance for nonpregnant women is

b. 340

which of the following is not a result of obesity

b. a double risk for osteoporosis

all of the following dietary factors are protect against CVD except

b. a low- carbohydrate diet

one of the major benefits of physical activity for weight management is

b. an increase in lean muscle tissue, which burns more energy

the psychological desire to eat is referred to as

b. appetite

A pregnant woman should strive to meet her DRI for _____ by increasing intakes of milk, cheese, yogurt, and other foods rich in this mineral, or by taking a 600 mg supplement daily.

b. calcium

Which of the following groups of food additives is allowed no margin of risk?

b. coloring agents

Which of the following is not intentionally used in or on foods?

b. contaminants

Excess fat ____ represents a greater risk to health than excess fat elsewhere on the body.

b. deep within the abdomen

which of the following agencies is responsible for ensuring that public water systems meet minimum standards

b. environmental protection agency

which of the following nutrients play a special role with respect to esophageal and colon cancer

b. folate

Which of the following terms on a food label does not have a specific meaning defined by labeling regulations?

b. free-range

calcium in the body's fluid performs all of the following major roles except

b. helping maintain normal blood glucose

all of the following are risks from being underweight except

b. higher risk of developing heart disease

The addition of foods to a baby's diet should be governed by all of the following considerations except:

b. how often the baby cries.

which of the following must be available for thyroxine to be synthesized

b. iodine

Which of the following does not contain vitamin B12?

b. legumes

Which of the following describes foods preferred by children?

b. mild flavors

Which of the following foods would you not choose for a picnic?

b. mixed salad of chopped ingredients

A child's appetite fluctuates after the age of:

b. one years.

a body mass index of 25.0 to 29.9 in an adult indicates

b. overweight

Women who have uncontrolled high blood glucose levels during pregnancy may experience complications such as:

b. preterm labor.

Low blood selenium correlates with development of:

b. prostate cancer

Sulfate is adequate in a diet that contains sufficient:

b. protein

The effect of physical activity for the elderly is to:

b. reduce development of the "dwindles."

The effect of maternal nutritional deprivation during lactation is to:

b. reduce the quantity of milk.

It is desirable to begin feeding the infant iron-fortified cereals by about _____ months.

b. six

all of the following factors are associated with a higher basal metabolic rate except

b. starvation

Which of the following worsens acne?

b. stress

the main function of vitamin K is

b. to help activate proteins that help clot the blood

Resting blood pressure should ideally be _____ or lower.

c. 120 over 80

to help prevent hypertension healthy Caucasians less than 51 years old should limit their sodium intake to ____ mg per day

c. 2300

For people over 70, the best health and lowest risk of death have been observed in those who maintain a BMI between:

c. 25 and 32.

A pregnancy weight gain of _____ pounds is recommended for women who are at their appropriate weights.

c. 25-35

A pregnant teenager with a body mass index in the normal range is encouraged to gain _____ pounds or so.

c. 35

a rule of thumb that has been used in the past but does not apply equally to everyone is that one pound of body fat is equal to ____ calories

c. 3500

Hyperactivity occurs in _____ percent of young, school-age children.

c. 5 to 10

all of the following are fat- soluble vitamins except:

c. C

the metabolic syndrome greatly increases a persons risk of developing

c. CVD

which of the following would be considered a risk factor for CVD

c. LDL 160/dL or higher

Vitamin E serves as:

c. an antioxidant

laboratory studies suggest that diets high in ___ seem to promote cancer

c. artificial sweeteners

Alcohol consumption by women during pregnancy can result in all

c. blindness in infants.

over half of the body magnesium is stored in the

c. bones

Which of the following is not one of the key elements to help identify women with preeclampsia?

c. convulsions

to prevent serious illness from consuming oysters you would

c. eat them fully cooked and not raw

which of the following stabilizes bones and makes teeth resistant to decay

c. fluoride

Which of the following nutrients is related to the prevention of neural tube defects?

c. folate

which of the following B vitamins is especially important for women of childbearing age to prevent neural tube defects

c. folate

which of the following is most susceptible to bacterial contamination

c. ground meat

Which of the following may worsen the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis?

c. high intake of vitamin C

Which of the following is the single most potent indicator of an infant's future health status?

c. infant's birthweight

How does modified atmosphere packaging protect foods?

c. it excludes oxygen needed by many bacteria

which of the following is not characteristic of water

c. it is truly a universal solvent

which of the following foods provides the least amount of available zinc

c. legumes

the hormone produced by adipose tissue in response to a gain in body fatness that helps to control obesity is

c. leptin

which of the following foods has the lowest percentage of water

c. margarine

which of the following hazard in our food supply is of most concern according to the food and drug administration

c. microbial food borne illness

School lunches are designed to provide at least _____ of the recommended intake for certain nutrients.

c. one-third

Since 1950, the number of people _____ years old in the U.S. has increased 7-fold.

c. over 85

The life-threatening food allergy reaction of anaphylactic shock is most often caused by:

c. peanuts, milk, and shellfish.

individuals with hypertension being treated with certain diuretics should consume foods rich in

c. potassium

the best way to select foods that are vitamin rich is to

c. select a wide variety of whole foods to get a balance of vitamins

which of the following foods provides the highest amount of zinc

c. shellfish

The chief ion used to maintain the volume of fluid outside cells is:

c. sodium

Whether or not a food is likely to result in dental caries depends on all of the following except:

c. the bacterial content of the food.

All of the following statements are true concerning the placenta except:

c. the fetus receives nutrients and carbon dioxide across the placenta.

The first sign of dehydration is

c. thirst

Exclusively breastfed babies need supplements of _____, but formula-fed babies do not.

c. vitamin D

which of the following makes up about 60% of the body's weight

c. water

for women and men in the 19-50- year old range, the calcium DRI is ______ milligrams

c.1000

all of the following are good sources of vitamin C except

c.Milk

The stage of human gestation from eight weeks after conception until birth of an infant is called a(an):

c.fetus.

29. Older adults should:

d. a and b (consume 14 grams of fiber per 1,000 calories consumed, limit the amount of saturated fat in their diets.)

The woman with PMS should:

d. a and b (drink milk or juice fortified with vitamin D, get adequate sleep and physical activity)

Symptoms of Vitamin A deficiency include

d. a and b (frequent infection, and night blindness)

Hormones that regulate the menstrual cycle also alter:

d. a and b (glucose tolerance, food intake)

Malnutrition in the mother early in pregnancy affects the baby's:

d. a and b (heart and brain)

which of the following types of foods sustain satiety longer than other foods

d. a and b (high in fiber, high in protein)

an artherogenic diet is characterized as one that is

d. a and b (high in saturated fats, high in trans fats)

in general, studies of populations have suggested that low cancer rates correlate with

d. a and b (high vegetable intake, high whole grain intake)

Nitrites are commonly found in:

d. a and b (hot dogs, ham)

Nitrites are added to foods to:

d. a and b (inhibit rancidity and preserve their color)

Results of commercial drying of foods include:

d. a and b (it eliminates microbial spoilage, it eliminates the water in foods)

Characteristics of the artificial fat olestra include:

d. a and b (it passes through the digestive tract unabsorbed, it is fortified with vitamin E.)

which of the following statements about basal metabolism is true

d. a and b (it supports the work that goes on all the time, it is directly controlled by the hormone thyroxine)

which of the following appears to help prevent and treat hypertension in certain populations

d. a and b (magnesium and potassium)

Which of the following has been identified as affecting physiological age?

d. a and b (moderation in alcohol use, nutritional quality of meals)

a person trying to gain weight should

d. a and b (participating in strength training, eat more frequently)

Which of the following is among the minerals that are in great demand during pregnancy because they are involved in building the skeleton?

d. a and b (phosphors and magnesium)

Older people generally need less energy than younger people due to:

d. a and b (slowed basal metabolic rate, decline in lean body mass)

excess body fatness is associated with an increased risk of

d. a and b (some cancer, gallbladder disease)

effects of malnutrition on the body defense system includes

d. a and b (the skin becomes thinner with less connective tissue, antibodies and immune cell numbers are reduced)

To reduce your intake of pesticide residues you would:

d. a and b (trim fat from meat, discard the outer layers of cabbage)

Energy nutrients can be stored in the body as

d. a and c (glycogen and fat)

which of the following helps prevent changes in the acid-base balance of body fluids

d. a and c (protein and mineral salts)

Which of the following is the best known and most widely used antimicrobial agents?

d. a and c (salt and sugar)

Water intake is governed by:

d. a and c (thirst; satiety)

By definition, a vitamin is all of the following except:

d. a non-essential nutrients

which of the following holds the key to maintaining the best possible immune system support

d. adequate nutrition

What is a food desert?

d. an area where only convenience stores and fast-food restaurants are located

Children who skip breakfast:

d. are more likely to be overweight

The Thiamine Deficiency disease is known as

d. beriberi

which of the following would you look for on the label of bottled water to signify safety

d. contains filtered water

the best action to take to decrease your risk of cancer is to

d. eat a wide variety of vegetables and fruits in generous quantities every day

an eating pattern of food high in __ is associated with being overweight

d. energy density

Frozen foods' nutrient content is similar to that of:

d. fresh foods.

important roles of vitamin D include all of the following except

d. health of the retina in the eyes

which of the following is not one of the risk factors for CVD

d. high blood HDL

The 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans recommend that older adults:

d. incorporate balance exercises if they are at risk of falling.

a healthy person starting with average body fat can live totally

d. ketosis

which of the following is not one of the functions of vitamin c

d. maintains bone density

Which of the following causes cancer in animals?

d. nitrosamines

Fortified food sources of folate include all of the following except:

d. orange juice.

which of the following is the principle positively charged iron inside body cell

d. potassium

which of the following best describes the fluoride content of bottled water

d. rare

which of the following strategies would be appropriate for an obese individual with a BMI

d. surgery such as a gastric bypass

Characteristics of water-soluble vitamins include all of the following except

d. they are stored extensively in tissue

which of the following is the most accurate statement about the body's need for water

d. too much plain water consumption can cause a dangerous condition known as water intoxication

Which of the following is not a cause of "hyper" behavior in children?

d. too much sugar

Which of the following is the major factor in low birthweight?

d.poor nutrition

The agency charged with the responsibility of deciding which food additives are allowed is the:

Food and Drug Administration.

After the age of 50, the intake recommendation for energy assumes a _____ percent reduction in energy output per decade.

a. 5

According to recommendations for reducing CVD risk, the percentage of calories from saturated fat in the diet should be no more than _____ percent.

a. 7

The life expectancy at birth for white women is:

a. 81 years.

which of the following is based on weight and height and used in a clinical setting to assess weight status

a. BMI

Which of the following is characteristic of colostrum?

a. It contains antibodies from the mother's blood.

An uninformed strict vegetarian is at risk for _____ deficiency

a. Vitamin B12

At eight weeks of development, the fetus is characterized by:

a. a beating heart.

Water assists in

a. and b. (temperature regulation; shock protection)

the best source of phosphorus is

a. animal protein

Which of the following is always a component of allergies?

a. antibodies

What is one symptom of beta-carotene toxicity?

a. bright yellow skin

which of the following is the most abundant mineral in the body

a. calcium

which of the following may offer a protective effect against colon cancer

a. calcium

All pregnant women need generous amounts of _____ to spare their protein and to provide energy.

a. carbohydrate

quick large changes in weight are most likely the result of all of the following except

a. changes in fat stores

The word organic on the label is no guarantee that a food is:

a. completely pesticide-free

Heart disease in women is characterized by:

a. development at a later age than in men.

in early food deprivation, the nervous system cannot use ____ as fuel

a. fat

the difference between food borne infection and food borne intoxication is that

a. food borne intoxication results microbes

Research suggests that _____ may worsen "hyper" behavior in children

a. food colors

which of the following is associated with a reduced risk of CVD

a. high HDL

chromium works closely with

a. insulin

a zinc toxicity reduces

a. iron absorption

which of the following is true about groundwater as drinking water supply

a. it comes from deep, protected underground aquifers

Risk factors for gestational diabetes include all of the following except

a. low BMI before pregnancy.

On the average, about _____ of a teenager's total daily energy intake comes from snacks.

a. one-fourth

The vitamin D deficiency disease in adults is known as

a. osteomalacia

the recommended source of fluid for healthy U.S. adults is

a. plain drinking water because it is safe and noncaloric

a compound in food that can be converted into an active vitamin inside the body is known as a

a. precursor

the active form of vitamin A stored in the liver is

a. retinol

food bone infection that is most commonly a result of eating contaminated eggs or poultry is caused by

a. salmonella

the principle food source of chloride is

a. salt

in dietary recommendation to decrease the risk of CVD, Trans-fatty acids are classified with ____ fat

a. saturated

after cooking, foods should be held at ____ degrees F or higher until served

d. 140

A six-year-old child needs approximately _____ calories a day.

d. 1600

a women of normal weight may have on average, _____ percent of her body weight as fat

d. 20

adults in the united states consume an average of ______ milligrams per day of sodium

d. 3400

In men, aging becomes a significant risk factor for heart disease at age:

d. 45

breast- fed infants absorb about ____ percent of ingested calcium

d. 60

Which of the following is the most potentially toxic of all vitamins

d. D

which of the following impairs iron absorption

d. a and b

21. Which of the following statements is true concerning the GRAS list?

d. a and b (It includes a list of additives believed to be safe, It stands for "generally recognized as safe.")

a person absorption of calcium varies based on

d. a and b (age, and habitual intakes)

Which of the following should be avoided during pregnancy?

d. a and b (alcohol and dieting)

water excretion is regulated by the

d. a and b (brain and kidneys)

food rich beta- carotene include

d. a and b (broccoli and sweet potatoes)

In boys, the adolescent growth spurt peaks at:

e. 14

Monosodium glutamate:

e. a and b (is an example of a flavor enhancer, can be added to foods for infants.)

Which of the following statements is true?

e. a and c (Children like to eat at little tables, Children should be encouraged to stop eating when they are full.)

Which of the following statements is true concerning iron during pregnancy?

e. a and c (The body conserves iron even more than usual, The body conserves iron even more than usual)

which of the follow is a risk factor for the development of hypertension

e. a and c (age and genes)

The nausea of morning sickness:

e. a and c (arises from hormonal changes of early pregnancy, can often be alleviated.)

To avoid poisoning by toxins you would:

e. a and c (consume a variety of foods, eat all foods in moderation; a and c)

To obtain the folate that can reduce the risk of neural tube defects, a woman who is capable of becoming pregnant should:

e. a and c (eat folate-fortified foods, eat folate-rich foods)

which of the following groups should avoid all uncooked eggs

e. a and c (elderly and people who are immune dysfunctions)

To promote dental health, children should be taught to:

e. a and c (limit consumption of sweet bottled beverages, brush their teeth soon after eating sticky, sweet foods.)

Vitamin A plays an important role in

e. a and c (maintenance of body linings, reproduction)

Regulations for the production of certified organic foods specify that:

e. a and c (plant foods must be produced without the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticide, producers must submit to USDA inspections.)

Sulfite additives added during the drying of fruits result in:

e. a and c (prevention of browning, destruction of thiamin)

Children's intakes of which of the following nutrients typically fall below recommendations?

e. a and c (vitamin A and iron)

which of the following raises HDL concentration

e. a and c (weight loss, and physical activity)

to lower LDL cholesterol levels you would tell someone to

e. and c (lose weight and increase physical activity)

A good reason to buy organic foods is:

e. b and c (a preference for their taste. to support sustainable agriculture)

Body mass index is unsuitable for use with

e. b and c (athletes and pregnant women)

Ways to prevent a child from choking include:

e. b and c (avoiding dangerous foods such as chips and popcorn. encouraging the child to sit when eating.)

Hard water has high concentrations of:

e. b and c (calcium; magnesium)

to obtain the maximum amount of vitamin C from vegetables you would

e. b and c (cook them for short periods of time, consume them promptly after purchasing)

the DRI iron intake recommendation is 8 mg/day for

e. b and c (men and women 51 years or older)

which of the following should not be used to thaw frozen meats

e. b and c (refrigerator thawing and defrosting in bath of warm water)

true statements concerning the water-soluble vitamins include

e. b and c (they are easily excreted in the urine, they can be leached out of foods by cooking in water)

the best way to obtain the calcium you need is to

e. consume more milk, cheese, and yogurt

the main reason for fortifying enriched grain products with folic acid is to

reduce the incidence of birth defects called neural tube defect

the more processed a food

the more sodium it contains