nutrition final Chapters 1-6

Which of the following statements is true?

3Nutrient-deficiency diseases develop when diets lack essential nutrients.

Strawberries are naturally a source of which monosaccharide?

Fructose

Which of the following statements is true?

In general, registered dietitian nutritionists are reliable sources of nutrition information.

Which of the following sources of information features peer-reviewed articles?

Journal of the American Medical Association

You are planning a party for a group of college students. Some of the students follow the dietary practices of the Jewish, Islamic, and Mormon religions. Which of the following menu items would be acceptable to everyone at the party?

Meatless bean dip

Which of the following is NOT a common marketing tactic to encourage consumers to purchase manufactured foods?

Nutrition information posted next to fresh fruits and vegetables

When she prepares food, Felicia wants to use a product that is a rich source of unsaturated fat. Based on this information, which of the following fats should she select?

Olive oil

Which of the following substances is a complex carbohydrate?

Starch

Which of the following statements is true?

The FDA can recall a dietary supplement when there is evidence that it is harmful.

Which of the following statements is true?

The adult AMDR for carbohydrates is 45 to 65% of total energy intake.

Which of the following websites is most likely a source of biased and unreliable nutrition information?

dietsnomore4u.com

An online advertisement for a weight-loss product includes before and after photos of a woman who supposedly lost 50 pounds in 3 weeks while taking the product. The bottom of the ad includes the statement, "Results are not typical." This statement is an example of a(n) ________.

disclaimer

The three most important dietary monosaccharides for humans are

galactose, glucose, and fructose.

Chyme is the

semisolid liquid formed by the partial digestion of food in the stomach.

The host of a radio program makes a "red flag" claim about a nutrition-related product, because the claim is generally an indication that the information about the product is unreliable. The radio program host said,

"All ingredients in this product have been scientifically tested and clinically proven to cure cancer."

Max wants to increase his intake of vitamin C without taking a dietary supplement. When he shops for food, he reads Nutrition Facts labels. Which of the following kinds of information will help him choose foods that are the richest sources of vitamin C?

%DV's

Which of the following statements is true?

1 The human digestive tract does not produce enzymes that digest dietary fiber.

Which of the following statements is true?

2 Excessive thirst and frequent urination are signs of diabetes.

According to the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, most healthy people should limit their daily sodium intake to less than ________ mg/day.

2300

Which of the following statements is true?

3 A polyunsaturated fatty acid has two or more double bonds between carbons in the hydrocarbon chain.

Which of the following statements is true?

3 In the United States, poor eating habits contribute to some of the ten leading causes of death.

Which of the following is a micronutrient?

3 Iron

Which of the following factors has a major influence over a person's food choices?

Close friends

Fai was recently diagnosed with lactose-intolerance. She knows that consuming enough vitamin D and calcium is important for those with lactose intolerance. With that in mind, which of the following do you recommend?

Consume lactose-free milk.

The ________ is responsible for ensuring the safety and effectiveness of medications.

FDA

Which of the following foods is a good source of omega-3 fatty acids?

Flaxseeds

Which of the following topics is one of the five overarching guidelines of the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans?

Focus on variety, nutrient density, and amount.

Which of the following substances carries cholesterol away from tissues?

HDL

________ acid is an essential fatty acid.

Linoleic

Which of the following menu items has ingredients that represent all MyPlate food groups?

Salad made with hard-cooked eggs, grapes, leaf lettuce, cooked pasta, and cheddar cheese

Due to a respiratory bacterial infection, Amanda had to take a large spectrum antibiotic for a period of 7 days. At the end of the regimen, her respiratory problem was gone; however, she informed her doctor that she now has diarrhea and other digestive problems. What do you think the doctor will recommend to Amanda to relieve her diarrhea and digestive problems?

Take probiotics to restore the population of beneficial bacteria she lost due to the antibiotic she was taking

Refined carbohydrates do not satisfy hunger as well as proteins and fats, which may lead to an excessive consumption of calories.

True

The process of adding vitamins A and D to milk is called fortification.

True

Use of certain medications may increase an individual's nutrient needs.

True

Which of the following conditions is characterized by inflammation and swelling of the intestinal tract?

Ulcerative colitis

Which of the following observations is an example of a negative correlation?

When a group of older adults increases their intake of high-fiber foods, the percentage of people in the group who develop intestinal cancer decreases.

Phyllis recorded her food intake for a week and then used a computerized dietary analysis program to analyze her diet record. According to the results of the analysis, her average daily saturated fat intake was 10% of total calories; her average daily unsaturated fat intake was 35% of total calories; and her average daily cholesterol intake was 250 mg. Based on this information, her total fat intake is ________ the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range.

above

The condition in which a person cannot taste any food is called

ageusia.

Scientists conduct a study in which 100 adults with chronic diarrhea are divided into 2 groups with 50 people per group. One group is given a supply of yogurt that contains a certain kind of bacteria, and the other group is given yogurt that is bacteria-free. The study's participants and researchers do not know which group of subjects has the bacteria in the yogurt and which group does not. The scientists instruct the participants to eat the entire 8 ounces of yogurt once a day for a month and record their bowel habits. This is an example of a(n) ________ study.

double-blind

Scientists in a Central American country are studying factors that may be associated with delayed physical growth among a group of low-income children. The children live in a region of the nation that has high levels of lead in drinking water. This study is an example of a(an) ________ study.

epidemiological

Pellagra is an infectious disease.

false

Most lipids have ________ in their chemical structures.

fatty acids

Most Americans purchase less than recommended amounts of

fruits.

In the human intestinal tract, cooked rice is broken down into ________ molecules that can be absorbed.

glucose

When muscle cells have more glucose than they need for energy, they may store some of the excess as

glycogen.

Segmentation

helps mix chyme in the small intestine.

Betty is constipated; she generally has bowel movements only twice a week. To help relieve her constipation without taking medications, Betty should

increase her intake of foods that contain insoluble fiber.

Dana wants to reduce her blood cholesterol level by eating ________.

less beef

The ________ is an accessory organ of the digestive system.

liver

An essential nutrient

must be supplied by the diet.

Paisley usually has four bowel movements each week. Based on this information, Paisley should

not worry, because she is not constipated.

Tyler smokes cigarettes, drinks excess alcohol, and takes aspirin regularly to treat his headaches. Based on this information, Tyler has a high risk of developing

peptic ulcers.

Consuming a diet that supplies large amounts of certain types of fat increase one's risk of developing heart disease. Thus, a diet that supplies an excessive amount of such fats is a ________ for heart disease.

risk factor

Which of the following statements is true?

1 A scientist's professional affiliations and sources of financial support may influence his or her research findings.

Which of the following does NOT affect nutrient needs?

1 Ethnicity

Which of the following foods contains cholesterol?

1 Ripe banana

A serving of food contains 15 g carbohydrate, 3 g protein, 5 g fat, 5 mg vitamin C, and 100 mL water. Based on this information, a serving of this food supplies

117 kcals.

Which of the following statements is true?

3 Most food guides classify eggs in the protein foods group.

Which of the following statements is TRUE?

3 Most foods are mixtures of nutrients.

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

3-In order for a dietary supplement to be on the market, all research studies on the supplement must show a beneficial effect on health.

Which of the following statements is true?

4 People can have energy needs that are higher or lower than the Estimated Energy Requirement.

Which of the following substances is a macronutrient?

4 Protein

Which of the following statements is false?

4 The Internet is generally a reliable source of nutrition information, because information posted at websites has been peer-reviewed.

Foods that are "high fiber" supply ________ or more of fiber per serving.

5 grams

Which of the following compounds is not secreted by the human stomach?

Bile

Jevincio has type 2 diabetes, and he does not control his blood glucose levels well. As a result of his lack of control, which of the following conditions is he most likely to develop?

Blindness

Which of the following foods is naturally a rich source of phytochemicals?

Blueberries

According to scientific evidence, which of the following actions can help reduce a person's risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus?

Exercising daily

Justin's blood cholesterol levels are too high. He'd like to add foods to his diet that can help reduce his blood cholesterol level. Based on this information, which of the following foods should he add?

Legumes (e.g. black beans)

Which of the following topics is one of the five overarching guidelines of the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans?

Limit calories from added sugars and saturated fats and reduce sodium intake.

Which of the following are common signs or symptoms of pellagra?

Mental confusion and scaly skin sores

Which of the following statements is true?

Most enzymes have names that end with -ase.

Which of the following organs produces and secretes enzymes that are essential for proper digestion?

Pancreas

A popular fitness magazine has an article about the health benefits of high-fiber diets. If the article's author has the credentials, ________, after his or her name, the article is likely to be a reliable source of nutrition information.

RDN

Which of the following foods or beverages is a main source of added sugar in American diets?

Regular soft drinks

Which of the following conditions or diseases is a leading diet-related cause of death in the United States?

Stroke

Alicia has PKU. She would like to sweeten her coffee with a substance that provides 0 kcal/g. Based on this information, which of the following sweeteners supplies 0 kcal/g and is safe for her to use?

Sucralose

Which of the following substances is a nutrient that does NOT supply any energy for the human body?

Vitamin D

An Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) is the

amount of a nutrient that meets the needs of 50% of healthy people in a particular population.

According to the Latin American, Mediterranean, and Asian Diet Pyramids, people should eat small amounts of

animal foods.

A fasting blood LDL cholesterol level of 140 mg/dL is considered ________.

borderline high

In the United States, consumers eat more ________ than recommended.

cheese

Having a control group enables researchers to

compare findings of the control group with those of the experimental group.

A refined grain product that has iron, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and folic acid added to replace amounts lost during processing has been

enriched.

Layla has a high risk of cardiovascular disease, because of her family history and ________.

high blood levels of LDL cholesterol

The ________ is the third segment of the small intestine.

ileum

Monique is a 19-year-old college student who would like to follow a Mediterranean diet pattern instead of her typical "western" diet. Based on this information, Monique should

increase her intake of fruit.

The ________ helps form feces by absorbing excess water and some minerals from chyme.

large intestine

Marcus has an infection that causes a temporary loss of villi. Based on this information, you would expect Marcus to ________ while he has this illness.

lose weight rapidly

According to Shawn's physician, Shawn has a high risk of ________ because his waist circumference is 42 inches, his blood pressure consistently measures 140 mm Hg/90 mm Hg, and his fasting blood glucose level is 110 mg/dl.

metabolic syndrome

Researchers are conducting a study to determine the effects of vitamin C on the human immune system. The study involves providing pills that contain vitamin C to one group of human subjects, and pills that do not contain vitamin C or other active ingredients to another group of people. The pills that do not contain the vitamin are

placebos.

Scientists enroll 500 healthy adults in a study and collect dietary and other lifestyle information about the group. After 6 years, the scientists determine that study participants who ate at least 5 servings of fruits and vegetables daily were less likely to develop high blood pressure than participants who ate fewer than 5 servings of these foods daily. This study is an example of a(n) ________ study.

prospective

In the body, lipids ________.

provide insulation against cold temperatures

The ________ sphincter is located between the stomach and small intestine.

pyloric

To improve nutrition and weight status, a primary objective of Healthy People 2020 is to

reduce child and adult consumption of calories from solid fats and added sugars.

During an online interview, Dr. Ima Quack provides the following statement, "Most Americans suffer from nutritional-deficiency diseases and will develop cancer within the next 10 years because they are not taking my megavitamin formula therapy." Dr. Quack's statement is an example of a(n) ________.

scare tactic

Studying nutrition is important to

select the appropriate mix of nutrients for proper body functioning.

Subcutaneous fat does not ________.

stimulate red blood cell production

Cholecystokinin (CCK) is a hormone that ________.

stimulates the gallbladder to release bile into the small intestine

The lining of the small intestine is covered with ________, tiny, finger-like structures that absorb nutrients from food.

villi

Intestinal bacteria produce gases when they metabolize fiber.

True

Which of the following substances has a pH that is more basic than the pH of pure water?

1 Baking soda

Which of the following foods naturally contains cholesterol?

2 Chicken

Kristan uses %DVs to help plan nutritious menus with various packaged foods. She should try to obtain at least 100% of the Daily Value for which of the following nutrients?

Fiber

A nutrient requirement is the smallest amount of a nutrient that maintains a defined level of nutritional health.

True

A triglyceride has 3 fatty acids bonded to glycerol, which acts as a backbone for their attachment.

True

Which of the following observations is an example of an inverse correlation?

When members of a population increase their consumption of milk and milk products, their risk for bone fractures decreases.

To establish a nutrient's RDA, nutrition scientists add ________ of the nutrient to its EAR.

a "margin of safety" amount

Yolanda is eating a peanut butter and jelly sandwich for lunch. She has taken a bite of the sandwich and begun chewing the sticky sandwich. Once the bite of sandwich has been chewed, moistened, and mixed with saliva, it is called

a bolus.

Bill would like to follow recommendations that would reduce his risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Based on this information, Bill should ________.

become more physically active

The process of digesting food begins in the

mouth.

Raffinose is an example of a/an

oligosaccharide.

Oatmeal is a particularly rich source of ________ fiber.

soluble

April wants to add ________ to her salad, because the food is a naturally rich source of omega-3 fats.

walnuts

Which of the following foods is both energy and nutrient-dense?

Peanut butter

Cocoa butter is a rich source of saturated fat.

True

Which of the following lifestyle choices is the primary cause of preventable cancer deaths in the United States?

Smoking cigarettes

If the epiglottis is not fully closed, food enters the trachea, blocking the windpipe which may cause the person to lose consciousness and die.

True

Clayton is a 19-year-old college student. He avoids milk, because he claims drinking the beverage upsets his stomach and gives him intestinal "gas." However, he can eat yogurt and certain types of cheese without experiencing any symptoms. Based on this information, Clayton probably has

lactose intolerance.

Carlos has a family history of premature heart disease and stroke. To lower his risk of cardiovascular disease, Carlos should ________.

stop smoking cigarettes