Nutrition Final

Regina is trying to cut back on her fat intake to help reduce total calorie intake and promote gradual weight loss. If she follows an 1,800-calorie meal plan and wants to achieve the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range recommendation of total fat being between 20-35% of calories, how many grams of fat per day should she be eating?

40-70 g of fat per day

The Food and Nutrition Board (FNB) of the National Academy of Sciences advocates that 10-35% of calories come from protein and ___________ from carbohydrates.

45-65%

Restricting food and beverage intake by ______ kcal per day below calorie needs typically leads to weight loss of 1 pound per week

500

What is the definition of morbidly obese?

A person with a BMI >40 or who is more than 100lbs over a healthy body weight

Linda has been experiencing some problems with bowel regularity. She saw a commercial for a yogurt with added probiotics that claims to aid with digestion and alleviate bowel problems. What is a probiotic?

A probiotic contains specific types ofbacteria that are intended to colonize the large intestine and thereby improve intestinal tract health

What category will be added to nutrition facts labels on food packaging by July 2018 to contribute to consumers' overall knowledge about packaged food?

Added sugars

What would be the best method of cooking food to minimize loss of nutrients?

All cooking methods will result in the same degree of nutrient losses.

The basic building block of a protein is called a _________

Amino acid

Which of these does not affect vitamin D synthesis in the body as a result of UV ray exposure?

An individual's iron status (hemoglobin level)

Christine started supplementing her diet with iron, selenium, and copper. For what body function are all three of these minerals required?

Antioxidant enzyme system activation

Blood leaves the heart via the ________

Arteries

Lucy was told by her doctor that she needs to reduce the amount of cholesterol in her diet. The reduction of which of the following foods will help lower Lucy's dietary cholesterol levels?

Beef Lo Mein (fatty foods)

Arteries branch into a network of tiny blood vessels called _________

Capillaries

Individuals with type 1 diabetes ________

Do not produce insulin

Individuals with type 2 diabetes ________

Do not respond to insulin

Kellen is on the cross country team at his college. His coach had a dietitian speak to the team about nutrition for optimal performance. One of the topics she covered was phytochemicals - substances that provide significant health benefits. What is the best way to obtain the potential benefits of phytochemicals?

Eat a diet rich in fruits , vegetables, and while grain breads and cereals.

What is true about the way we should eat to achieve good nutritional status?

Eat a wide variety of foods bc no single natural food meets all human nutrient needs

Because animals store glycogen in their muscles, meat, fish, and poultry are good sources of carbohydrates....true or false?

False

Type 1 diabetes in obese patients can be treated with metformin...true or false?

False

If a diet does not provide adequate carbohydrate to meet immediate energy needs, the body compensates by altering its metabolism of other nutrients. Insufficient dietary carbohydrate can lead to elevated levels of ketone bodies. Ketone bodies are the byproducts of partial breakdown of ________

Fat

Gram fro gram which provides the most energy?

Fats

Which of the following nutrients can directly supply energy for human use? Carbohydrates, fats and oils, or saturated fats?

Fats and oils

Which food is the best source of EPA + DHA?

Fatty fish

Which of the following carbohydrates would not require any digestion in order to be absorbed from the intestine into the body?

Fructose

Blood sugar refers to what molecule circulating in blood?

Glucose

A vegetarian diet differs from a traditional animal-based diet in that a vegetarian diet is ________

Higher in dietary fiber than a traditional animal based diet

After eating a meal, blood sugar levels increase or decrease?

Increase

Which of the following would not be a stimulus for the thirst mechanism in the brain?

Increased blood pressure

Consumption of which of the following fatty acids will have the most favorable effect on blood cholesterol levels?

Monounsaturated

Vitamin E protects cell membranes by:

Neutralizing free radicals present in the cell membranes through electron donation.

In type 1 diabetes, blood sugar levels remain high after a meal because _______

No insulin is released

Harvey is consuming 1,550 mg of potassium/day. Does this meet the recommendation for daily potassium intake?

No, the recommendation for potassium is 4700 mg/day.

Jafar recently suffered a heart attack and is changing his diet to reduce his risk of having another one. Which type of fatty acids would you recommend that Jafar increase in his diet and why?

Omega-3 fatty acids, as they can help reduce inflammation and triglyceride levels in the blood.

Andrew ate a slice of cheese pizza for lunch. Once it reaches his stomach, which enzyme is acting on the food and what is its function?

Pepsin- breaks down the proteins in the pizza

Kahil is constantly sick and cannot seem to recover quickly from his illnesses. Recently he found out that he is protein deficient; how could these two things be related?

Proteins help create key immune system proteins. Therefore, protein deficiency causes lowered immune defenses.

Insulin, released after a meal is eaten by a person who does not have diabetes, will cause blood sugar levels to ________

Return to normal

To reduce their risk for many chronic diseases, American's should limit their intakes of...?

Solid fats

Which of the following is not considered a weight bearing activity? walking, swimming, jogging, dancing

Swimming

How might rapid and excessive water consumption be fatal?

The excessive water intake causes water to accumulate outside of cells. In an effort to balance the electrolyte concentrations inside and outside of the cells, water will move into the cells. When this happens in the brain, severe cell damage can happen, eventually causing death.

Linda has heard that the acidic environment of the stomach is similar to that of a car battery. If the stomach is so acidic, why doesn't the acid eat away at the stomach lining and cause holes in the stomach?

The stomach is lined with a layer of mucous that protects it

While he is studying, Finnick is eating a pastry that is high in fat content. What form is the fat that he is eating and what form will the fat be stored as in his body?

Triglycerides; triglycerides

Type 2 diabetes can be treated with injection of insulin...true or false?

True

The blood vessels that carries blood to the heart are the _________

Veins

If Nahdia already takes a calcium supplement daily to reduce her risk of osteoporosis, what other supplements, if any, should be paired with calcium supplementation?

Vitamin D

The digestive system not only processes the foods we eat but it is also the site of some nutrient production. Which two nutrients are produced by bacteria that live in the large intestine?

Vitamin K and biotin

Which of the following contain no calories? Protein, fiber, vitamins, carbohydrate

Vitamins

To celebrate her recent weight loss, Lisa's friends decide to take her out for a healthy dinner. Lisa doesn't drink alcohol bc she knows the empty calories will contribute to weight gain. One girlfriend at dinner has four margaritas and an extra shot of tequila before the food arrives. Is this friend's behavior considered binge drinking?

Yes, bc consuming four or more drinks (for women) is considered binge drinking

Regina is a 22-year-old college student who plays on the soccer team. Her coach brought in a registered dietitian to talk about sports nutrition. The RD recommended minimizing trans fatty acids from processed and packaged foods, but she explained that some trans fats do occur naturally. What foods have naturally-occurring trans fatty acids?

beef, milk, butter

In the body, 99 percent of calcium is found in _______

bones and teeth

Which mineral is most important throughout life to assist in maintaining strong bone?

calcium

A _______ is an organic compound that aids enzyme function by combining with an inactive enzyme to form a catalytically active form

coenzyme

The best way to improve the body's defense against free radicals is to ________

consume plenty of fruits and vegetables

The most nutrient-dense calcium food source is _______

dairy

Treating a protein with acid, heat, or agitation will cause _________, meaning that the three-dimensional structure of the protein has been altered

denaturation

Vitamin C intake over 2 grams per day may cause _______

diarrhea

Increasing protein from 15% of calories to 30% of calories allows more protein to be used for _______

energy

The most reliable source of vitamin D in the diet is _______

fortified milk

Vitamin C enhances the absorption of ______

iron

Vitamin D is unique among the vitamins because _______

it can be formed by the body by sun exposure

The best vitamin B-6 food sources include _______

meat, fish, poultry

Taking megadose supplements of vitamin B-6 can lead to _______

nerve damage

When a molecule loses an electron in a chemical reaction, the molecule has been ________

oxidized

A niacin (B-3) deficiency causes what disease?

pellagra

Proteins are digested in which areas of the body?

stomach and small intestine

A major source of iodide in the North American diet is _______

table salt

Nutrition is...?

the science that links food to health and disease

Which lipid is the primary source of dietary fat in our diets?

triglycerides

Formation and maintenance of collagen requires _______

vitamin c

Scurvy can be prevented with adequate intakes of ________

vitamin c

Because B vitamins are _______, very little is stored and excess ends up in the urine or stool

water soluble

As part of her renewed focus on diet and health, Lisa is trying to eat more vegetables. She doesn't really like raw vegetables, so she has decided to add one cooked vegetable to her daily diet. She should be careful not to overcook her vegetables because ________ are easily destroyed during cooking.

water-soluble vitamins

When does weight gain occur?

when caloric intake exceeds energy expenditure