Nutrition Final Exam

Critical care patients with normal renal and liver function need at least ____ grams of protein per kg of ideal or actual body weight. 1. 1.2 to 2.0 2. 5.5 to 6.5 3. 1 to 1.1 4. 0.8 to 1.2

1. 1.2 to 2.0

When teaching a new mother about feeding and her newborn, the nurse keeps in mind that the capacity of a newborn infant's stomach is approximately how many ounces?

1

By the time a child is 1 year old, his or her stomach capacity is about:

1 cup

The most extreme state of stress a client can sustain is a burn. Kilocalorie need in this situation depends which of the following? 1. Body surface area involved 2. Client's age 3. Depth of the burn 4. Amount of fluid lost

1. Body surface area involved

Clients with kidney stones are usually advised to: 1. Drink 3 liters of fluid per day 2. Take 8 ounces of cranberry juice daily 3. Avoid organ meats 4. Eliminate calcium-containing foods from their die

1. Drink 3 liters of fluid per day

Which of the following would a nurse instruct a patient to use for one fat exchange?

1/2 oz of cream cheese (Each fat exchange provides 5g of fat. Ex: Teaspoon of butter contains 5g of total fat, so Tablespoon would contain 15 g of fat

The nurse is discussing appropriate recommendations for the adequate intake of calcium with a 28-year-old pregnant woman. The nurse understands that this woman should have an intake of how many milligrams/day?

1000

The recommended amount of daily fiber intake for an 8-year-old child is____grams.

13

When teaching a client to read labels, the nurse will instruct the client that products labeled "low-sodium" must contain less than how many milligrams of sodium per serving

140

Which of the following blood pressure readings will the nurse identify as stage 1

146/96 mm Hg

A 20% lipid solution contains how many kilocalories per milliliter?

2

Clients who have had resection of which of the following are vulnerable to vitamin B12 deficiency? 1. Duodenum 2. Ileum 3. Jejunum 4. Liver

2. Ileum

What percentage range of an adult's kilocalories is recommended as the maximum to be obtained from fat?

20-35

A client with which BMI would be considered normal?

23 kg/m2

A person with burns over 55% of his or her body has a stress factor of 2. This means that he or she require 1. Two grams of protein per kilogram of body weight 2. Two times as much fat intake as usual 3. 200% of the usual resting energy expenditure 4. 110 kilocalories per pound of body weight 3. 200% of the usual resting energy expenditure

3. 200% of the usual resting energy expenditure

Studies have shown that which amount of vitamin C along with zinc and arginine helps improve the rate of pressure ulcer healing? 1. 250 mg 2. 375 mg 3. 500 mg 4. 100 mg

3. 500 mg

When diet modification is advisable, the client with cholecystitis will most likely require which type of diet? 1. Low protein 2. Low residue 3. Low fat 4. Low carbohydrate

3. Low fat

Obesity is most clearly linked to which of the following cancers? 1. Larynx 2. Lung 3. Postmenopausal breast 4. Prostate

3. Postmenopausal breast

Which of the following items is suggested as an additive for a client with a poor appetite to increase the nutritional value of regular foods? 1. Olive oil 2. Wheat germ 3. Dry skim milk 4. Brown sugar

3. dry skim milk

When administering dextrose intravenously, the nurse understands that it provides how many kcalories per gram?

3.4

To prevent constipation in pregnancy, the nurse would recommend that at the pregnant woman consume how many grams of dietary fiber daily with adequate water?

30

A woman with a waist circumference greater than which measurement is a greater risk than an individual with a lesser waist circumference?

35 inches

The 2000-kilocalorie DASH Diet recommends which of the following as daily intake

4 to 5 servings of fruit

Wasting of the body seen in some chronic diseases such as AIDS, cancer, malaria, and tuberculosis is called: 1. Kwashiorkor 2. Marasmus 3. Protein-calorie malnutrition 4. Cachexia

4. Cachexia

The client with dumping syndrome should be taught to: 1. Limit protein to 30 g/day 2. Drink plenty of fluids with meals 3. Eat high-carbohydrate meals 4. Lie down after meals

4. Lie down after meals

Refeeding syndrome can be fatal because of: 1. The buildup of toxic waste products of metabolism 2. Severe atrophy of the gastrointestinal tract during starvation 3. The body's inability to rapidly convert excessive kilocalories to body fat stores 4. Redistribution of minerals between extracellular and intracellular fluid compartments

4. Redistribution of minerals between extracellular and intracellular fluid compartments

Compared with renal failure clients who are not on dialysis, clients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) require: 1. The same amount of dietary protein 2. Less dietary protein 3. A different kind of protein 4. More dietary protein

4. more dietary protein

A nurse is assessing a male client and obtains his waist measurement. The nurse identifies that the client is at increased risk for cardiovascular disease based on which measurement

40 inches

To enter pregnancy with adequate vitamin stores, women who are capable of becoming pregnant should obtain how many micrograms of folic acid daily through fortified foods or supplements ?

400

To lose a pound of fat, a person would have to consume how many fewer kilocalories per day for one week?

500

The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) for protein for a 32-year-old lactating woman is how many grams per day?

71

Fat contains ____ kilocalories per gram

9

Disaccharide

A double sugar, consisting of two monosaccharides Ex:

essential amino acids

Amino acids that are needed, but cannot be made by the body; they must be consumed in foods

Which of the following actions by a client indicates a need for additional instruction on decreasing fat and cholesterol in the diet

I substitute sour cream for low-fat yogurt

A causative agent of thrush that can affect the gastrointestinal or vaginal tract is ______. a. Epstein-Barr virus b. Candida albicans c. Escherichia coli d. varicella-zoster virusa

b. Candida albicans

According to the National Institutes of Health, weight loss surgery is an acceptable option for carefully selected clients with clinical obesity as defined by:

BMI of 40 or greater

Monounsaturated fats may help lower blood cholesterol levels. Which of the following would the nurse identify as mainly monounsaturated

Canola and peanut oils

Clients who are receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) are at risk for development of which of the following complications? Select one: a. Orthostatic hypotension b. Fluid imbalances c. Hypostatic pneumonia d. Pulmonary hypertension

b. Fluid imbalances

The major cause of tooth loss in the elderly population is: a. Dental caries b. Periodontal disease c. Scurvy d. Vitamin A deficiency

b. Periodontal disease

uncomplicated starvation

food deprivation without an underlying disease

A client has been taught by means to lower dietary cholesterol. Choosing which of the following snack items would indicate learning

Rye bread and 1% fat cottage cheese

Which of the following is a suggested order for introducing new foods to the infant's diet?

formula, infant cereal, strained vegetables, strained fruits, and strained meats

Malnutrition is commonly seen in clients with pulmonary disease for which of the following reasons?

These clients may need much more energy than a healthy person needs to breathe

PKU (phenylketonuria)

a condition that makes it impossible for babies to metabolize certain proteins

Vitamin ______ is thought to protect against cancer development because of its role in cell differentiation of epithelial tissue. a. A b. B12 c. C d. D

a. A

A central nervous system disorder caused by HIV is: a. AIDS dementia complex b. immune deficiency psychosis c. premature senility d. stress-induced neurosis

a. AIDS dementia complex

The following recommendation will not help to alleviate a migraine headache: a. missed meals b. avoidance of known food allergy foods c. encouragement of fluids for clients receiving antihistamines d. avoidance of caffeine

a. missed meals

Which of the following would appear on the fat exchange list?

avocado

To be labeled as a good source of a particular vitamin, mineral, or fiber, one serving must contain what percentage of its daily value? a. 5 to 8 b. 10 to 19 c. 20 to 29 d. 30 to 39

b. 10 to 19

Protein provides how many kilocalories per gram? Select one: a. 5 b. 4 c. 9 d. 2

b. 4

Some evidence suggests which of the following vegetables are specifically protective against cancer? a. corn and peas b. Brussels sprouts and broccoli c. bean sprouts and water chestnuts d. green beans and spinach

b. Brussels sprouts and broccoli

For clients taking levodopa, dietary recommendations may include: a. Increasing protein intake to 1.2 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight b. Taking higher protein foods with the evening meal rather than earlier in the day c. Distributing fat content evenly over three meals d. All of the above

b. Taking higher protein foods with the evening meal rather than earlier in the day

Which of the following is not a complete protein? Select one: a. Beef liver b. Baked beans c. Pork steak d. Cottage cheese

b. baked beans

Which of the following snacks would most likely be tolerated by a client with oral thrush? a. fresh orange b. flavored yogurt c. potato chips d. popcorn

b. flavored yogurt

For a client with hiccups, only one of the following interventions is recommended. Which is it? a. avoiding peppermint flavorings b. swallowing a teaspoonful of granulated sugar c. increasing the amount of fluid consumed at each meal d. using straws to ingest liquids and semisolids

b. swallowing a teaspoonful of granulated sugar

Which of the following signs is a component of metabolic syndrome

blood pressure

The normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is normally about______ mL per minute. Select one: a. 75 b. 100 c. 125 d. 150

c. 125

A 20% lipid solution contains how many kilocalories per milliliter? Select one: a. 3.4 b. 1.1 c. 2 d. 0.9

c. 2

A measurable goal for a client with renal calculi is to drink sufficient water to produce a urinary output of how many milliliters per day? Select one: a. 500 b. 1000 c. 2000 d. 3000

c. 2000

The following is true about the medication glipizide (Glucotrol)? Select one: a. It is usually given in three doses per day b. It increases liver glucose production c. It should be taken on an empty stomach d. It reduces insulin resistance

c. It should be taken on an empty stomach

Which of the following is not a complete protein? a. Beef liver b. Cottage cheese c. Baked beans d. Pork steak

c. baked beans

Which of the following are high in potassium? a. grapes b. apple and cranberry juices c. baked potatoes d. canned pears

c. baked potatoes

Long-term total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is recommended in which of the following situations? a. clients receiving oral chemotherapy agents b. clients intolerant of oral/enteral feedings for 3 days c. clients with residual gastrointestinal effects whose cancer is controlled d. clients receiving radiotherapy for head and neck cancer

c. clients with residual gastrointestinal effects whose cancer is controlled

Which of the following factors frequently contributes to nutrient malabsorption in the client with AIDS? a. food infections and poisonings b. allergies and food intolerances c. mucosal atrophy and decreased digestive enzyme action d. poor choices and unwise combinations of dietary components

c. mucosal atrophy and decreased digestive enzyme action

Breast milk supplies amylase that is 40 to 60 times more active than that in cow's milk. This means the breast-fed infant can digest which of the following more easily than can the formula-fed infant?

carbohydrates

Too rapid an infusion of the concentrated glucose load in central parenteral nutrition may cause respiratory difficulty because of:

carbon dioxide retention

A client with which of the following conditions is likely to be given pancreatic enzymes (pancrelipase) before meals?

cystic fibrosis

A client is receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN). The nurse notices that the bag of TPN solution has been infusing for 24 hours but has 300 mL of solution left. The nurse should: a. Change the filter on the tubing and continue with the infusion. b. Notify the physician and obtain prescriptions to alter the flow rate of the solution. c. Continue the infusion until the remaining 300 mL is infused. d. Discontinue the current solution, change the tubing, and hang a new bag of TPN solution.

d. Discontinue the current solution, change the tubing, and hang a new bag of TPN solution.

The renal threshold refers to the: Select one: a. Amount of glucose in the urine in a positive glucose tolerance test b. Point at which the kidney returns glucose to the bloodstream c. Ratio of blood glucose to glucose measured in the urine d. Level of glucose in the blood that triggers glycosuria

d. Level of glucose in the blood that triggers glycosuria

Alcohol intake has been convincingly linked to which of the following sites of cancer occurrence? a. prostate b. kidney c. colon d. breast

d. breast

A person who is HIV-positive should use good hygiene to decrease the risk of: a. Kaposi's sarcoma b. gut failure c. hepatomegaly d. pneumocystis pneumonia

d. pneumocystis pneumonia

Obesity is most clearly linked to which of the following cancers? a. larynx b. prostate c. premenopausal breast d. postmenopausal breast

d. postmenopausal breast

A disease that occurs with much greater frequency in clients with AIDS than in other population groups is ______. a. brucellosis b. scarlet fever c. staphylococcal food poisoning d. tuberculosis

d. tuberculosis

Diarrhea in the tube-fed client is most likely to be caused by the following:

delivering feeding for 4 to 6 hours in a few minutes

Which of the following is not an advantage breastfeeding gives to the mother?

ensures the protection from breast cancer

The most critical requirement for a burn client is:

fluid for replacement

Which of the following is a recommended procedure for administering medications through a feeding tube

flush the tube with at least 30 mL of sterile water before giving the medication and resuming the tube-feeding formula

Which of the following food groups is freely permitted on a tyramine-restricted diet?

grains

Which of the following data would indicate that the client is in an anabolic state?

healing of a pressure ulcer

Hypermetabolism

higher metabolic rates--part of healing of burns

The interaction of tyramine and monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor can produce:

increased blood pressure

Which of the following foods are appropriate for a 6-month-old infant?

infant rice cereal, strained peaches, and strained carrots

Which of the following nutrient supplements is most commonly prescribed for pregnant women?

iron

Which of the following statements about breast milk is true?

it contains less phosphorus than cow's milk

A client with acute colitis will probably be prescribed which type of diet?

low fiber

Which of the following foods would a nurse instruct a client to avoid on a tyramine-restricted diet?

mozzarella cheese and pepperoni sausage

Lack of bioavailable vitamin B12 in the diets of pregnant women has resulted in the insults to which of the following in their infants?

neurological

Mr. H is being treated for tuberculosis with isoniazid. Which of the following vitamins may become deficient as a result of therapy?

niacin and vitamin B6

New foods should be introduced to an infant:

one at a time and 5 days apart to identify untoward effects

Which of the following combinations of foods offers the best nutrition for a preschool child's breakfast?

orange juice, oatmeal, and milk

usually restricted for dialysis clients

potassium

Which of the following types of feedings are appropriate for a client on a regular diet to increase both kcal and protein intake between meals?

standard or "polymeric" formulas

For clients taking levodopa, dietary recommendations may include

taking higher protein foods with the evening meal rather than earlier in the day

Most of the fats in our diets and in our bodies is in which form?

triglycerides

An infant is expected to ____its birth weight by 1 year of age

triple

Which type of drug-nutrient interaction occurs in the delivery device before or during drug administration?

type 1

Which type of interaction occurs with oral or enteral intake, producing increased or decreased bioavailability of either the drug or nutrient?

type 2

Dumping syndrome s/s

vertigo, tachycardia, syncope, and sweating can occur within 30 min of eating

Which of the following would the nurse expect to administer for isoniazid toxicity?

vitamin B6