Nutrition Final Exam Questions

Which of the following blood pressure values is normal?

118/69 mm Hg

A serving of food contains 25 g carbohydrate, 10 g protein, and 1 g fat, 5 mg iron, and 20 mg vitamin C. Based on this information, a serving of this food supplies

149 kcal

Lisa is a healthy young woman whose energy requirement is 2250 kcal/day. Based on this information, what would be her daily energy requirement during her first trimester of pregnancy?

2250 kcal

Gabrielle is due to give birth to a boy in March. Before she became pregnant, Gabrielle weighed 140 pounds, which was in the healthy range for her height. Based on this information, her physician will recommend that she gain ______ pounds during her pregnancy.

25 to 35

In 2009 to 2010, about _____ % of Americans who were 20 years of age and older were obese.

36

Bethaney is 20 years of age and weighs 50 kg. Based on her body weight, her RDA for protein is _____ grams.

40

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Insoluble fiber swells in water, which attracts cholesterol molecules to the fiber. b. The human intestinal tract breaks down dietary fiber into glucose molecules. c. The human body stores soluble fiber in muscle tissue. d. A diet that contains whole-grain foods may help relieve constipation

A diet that contains whole-grain foods may help relieve constipation

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. In the United States, people rarely suffer from food-borne illnesses. b. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is responsible for inspecting local restaurants and grocery stores to ensure they meet food safety standards. c. Freezing food kills the pathogenic bacteria it contains. d. A food's odor or appearance is not a reliable indicator of whether it is safe to eat. e. An undercooked hamburger patty is the most likely source of giardia.

A food's odor or appearance is not a reliable indicator of whether it is safe to eat.

Which of the following foods is a high-protein snack that can replace a snack that contains animal proteins? a. A banana b. A slice of American cheese c. 1 ounce of baby carrots d. A handful of unsalted peanuts

A handful of unsalted peanuts

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Vomiting or diarrhea do not alter the body's fluid balance. b. A healthy person's average daily total water input usually equals his or her average total daily water output. c. Total body water does not include metabolic water. d. The liver is the major regulator of your body's water content and ion concentration.

A healthy person's average daily total water input usually equals his or her average total daily water output.

_____ is the primary source of direct energy for cells.

ATP

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Acid reflux often results when the gastroesophageal sphincter fails to close properly. b. The body needs more time to digest a high-carbohydrate meal than a high-fat meal. c. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) begins the partial digestion of fats in the small intestine. d. A thin layer of chyme protects the lining of the digestive tract from being broken down by enzymes.

Acid reflux often results when the gastroesophageal sphincter fails to close properly

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Walking, bowling and playing golf are forms of vigorous-intensity physical activity. b. Aerobic exercise involves rhythmic, sustained contractions of large muscle groups. c. If you can't have a conversation with your friends while exercising, you're working your large muscle groups at a moderate-intensity level. d. You can't consider household chores as forms of physical activity because of the low-intensity level of the activities.

Aerobic exercise involves rhythmic, sustained contractions of large muscle groups.

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. A blood pressure reading of 165/90 mm Hg is within the normal range. b. Approximately 30% of adult Americans have hypertension. c. The risk of developing hypertension decreases as a person grows older. d. "Deli" meats, such as bologna and ham, are rich sources of potassium and poor sources of sodium.

Approximately 30% of adult Americans have hypertension.

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Inactivity causes muscle cells to become fat cells. b. The aging process causes muscle cells to become fat cells. c. Fat cells require more energy to function than muscle cells. d. As people grow older, their metabolic rates decline. e. An average woman has a higher metabolic rate than an average man.

As people grow older, their metabolic rates decline

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Because margarine is a substitute for butter, it is classified as a dairy food. b. Avocados and some types of fish can be grouped with oils. c. Most food guides classify milk in the protein foods group. d. Most food guides include cream as a member of the dairy foods group.

Avocados and some types of fish can be grouped with oils.

The _____ is a numerical value that's based on the relationship between weight and risk of chronic health problems associated with excess body fat.

Body mass index

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Caregivers should not give popcorn, grapes, and cut-up raw vegetables to infants. b. By 2 to 4 months of age, most infants can use their fingers to pick up and chew "finger foods." c. It is safe to use honey to sweeten infant foods. d. Goat's milk mixed with gelatin water is a suitable substitute for breast milk.

Caregivers should not give popcorn, grapes, and cut-up raw vegetables to infants.

Which of the following menu items has ingredients that represent four different MyPlate food groups? Select one: a. Toasted cheese sandwich made with American cheese, Swiss cheese, and two slices of buttered whole-wheat bread b. Ready-to-eat cereal with strawberries, blueberries, and fat-free milk c. Casserole made with canned tuna, green onions, noodles, and cheddar cheese d. Smoothie made with vanilla yogurt, fat-free milk, orange juice, wheat germ, and fresh peaches

Casserole made with canned tuna, green onions, noodles, and cheddar cheese

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Vegetable oils are about 25 to 50% water by weight. b. Water and beverages comprise 100% of a person's total water intake. c. Cells produce water as a by-product of energy metabolism. d. Most of the water that enters the digestive tract is excreted in feces.

Cells produce water as a by-product of energy metabolism.

Which of the following statements is true? a. Cigarette smoking increases the production of oxidized LDL cholesterol. b. All forms of lipoproteins are considered unhealthy because they increase the risk of diabetes. c. Your intestinal cells convert bile into chylomicrons. d. VLDLs transport most cholesterol in blood to the liver for disposal.

Cigarette smoking increases the production of oxidized LDL cholesterol.

Which of the following substances is a lipid that is necessary for the proper development of an infant's nervous system? Select one: a. hydroxybutyric acid b. oleic acid c. DHA d. ATP

DHA

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. If you do not consume 100% of the Daily Values for nutrients, you have a high risk of developing nutritional deficiency disorders. b. Daily Values are nutrient recommendations that are based on the EERs for adults. c. Daily Values have been established for each nutrient. d. Daily Values are dietary standards developed for food labeling purposes.

Daily Values are dietary standards developed for food labeling purposes.

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. ATP is broken down into lactic acid during aerobic exercise. b. Glucose is the primary fuel for resting muscles. c. Amino acids are a major source of energy for contracting muscles. d. Compared to a glucose molecule, a fatty acid molecule has more oxygen atoms in relation to carbon atoms. e. During high-intensity exercise, muscle cells burn more glucose than fat for energy.

During high intensity exercise, muscle cells burn more glucose than fat for energy.

Match this statement with its dimension of wellness: It is better to be aware of and accept our feelings than to deny them.

Emotional

Which of the following is a dimension of wellness that is not included in the classic Six Dimensions of Wellness, but that is often added as a seventh dimension in more recent versions of this model?

Environmental

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Ethanol is a depressant drug. b. Each gram of alcohol provides 9 kcal. c. A standard alcoholic drink is approximately 5 ounces of beer. d. A typical beer is 12 to 14% alcohol.

Ethanol is a depressant drug

Which of the following substances is a nutrient that provides energy for humans?

Fat

Which of the following foods is the most nutrient dense per serving? a)fat-free milk b) soybean oil c)grape drink d)french fries e)water

Fat-free milk

The government agency that enforces consumer protection laws by investigating false or misleading health-related claims is the

Federal Trade Commission (FTC)

Mariele purchased a box of cereal that had the following claim on the label: "Eat one bowl of this cereal a day for a month, and your skin with be healthier." Mariele is skeptical about the honesty of the claim. She should report her concern about the claim to the

Food and Drug Administration

Which of the following microbes is associated with an increased risk of developing peptic ulcers?

H. pylori

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Healthy young women have slightly less body water than healthy young men. b. About 30% of an average person's body is water. c. A person's body water content increases with increasing age. d. Water comprises approximately 25% of lean muscle tissue.

Healthy young women have slightly less body water than healthy young men.

_____ is the iron-containing protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen.

Hemoglobin

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. An egg is a rich source of carbohydrate. b. Sweetened soft drinks are a good source of lactose. c. Honey is a rich source of fructose. d. Beans are a good source of galactose

Honey is a rich source of fructose

Why is taking excess amounts of fat-soluble vitamins more likely to cause toxicity than taking excesses of water-soluble vitamins?

In general, excesses of fat-soluble vitamins cannot be excreted as easily as water-soluble vitamins.

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Infants should not be fed honey because it may contain botulism spores. b. A person who has phenylketonuria (PKU) should avoid products that contain saccharin. c. Most "artificial" sweeteners have been banned by the FDA because of safety concerns. d. Sucralose provides 4 kcal/gram.

Infants should not be fed honey because it may contain botulism spores.

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Foods that contain cholesterol should be avoided because the substance is toxic to human cells. b. Having high HDL cholesterol is associated with increased risk of heart disease. c. LDL transports cholesterol from the liver to other tissues. d. A diet that is high in saturated fat helps reduce high blood cholesterol levels.

LDL transports cholesterol from the liver to other tissues

The liver can convert _____ into glucose that can be released into the bloodstream or stored as glycogen.

Lactate

_____ is an essential amino acid.

Leucine

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Proteins are the primary sources of energy for cells. b. Portions of protein molecules bind to excess nitrogen in blood. c. Your body uses proteins to hydrogenate glucose in cell membranes. d. Many hormones, including insulin, are proteins.

Many hormones, including insulin, are proteins.

_____ is the sum of all chemical reactions that occur in living cells.

Metabolism

Which of the following statements is true? a. Sugary baked goods are "junk" foods and should not be eaten b. Most foods contain more than one nutrient c. Strawberries are an energy-dense food d. Milk, bananas, and soybeans are among the few nutritionally perfect foods for humans

Most foods contain more than one nutrient

While in class, Barry can't seem to sit still. He constantly taps his feet on the floor and frequently shifts his position. The energy Barry uses for these movements is classified as

NEAT

Which of the following is a vitamin that plays a direct role in energy metabolism?

Niacin

Which of the following statements is true? a. To achieve optimal health, you should individualize your diet to match your blood type, eye color, and other physical characteristics. b. Nutritional needs of healthy people vary during different life stages, such as infancy and pregnancy. c. By taking dietary supplements that provide nutrients and phytochemicals, people can maintain good health without eating foods. d. Regardless of their ages and physical conditions, people never need to take dietary supplements that include vitamins and minerals.

Nutritional needs of healthy people vary during different life stages, such as infancy and pregnancy

Match this statement with its dimension of wellness: It is better to develop functional, transferable skills through structured involvement opportunities than to remain inactive and uninvolved

Occupational

Match this statement with its dimension of wellness: It is better to consume foods and beverages that enhance good health rather than those which impair it.

Physical

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. A person with a PhD has the proper training to be registered dietitian. b. A nutritionist has the same credentials as a registered dietitian. c. It is illegal to call yourself a nutritionist without credentials. d. Physicians and medical doctors lack significant nutrition education

Physicians and medical doctors lack significant nutrition education

____ helps the body maintain normal fluid balance.

Potassium

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. In general, government (.gov) Internet web sites are not reliable sources of scientifically-based nutrition information. b. The First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution guarantees the right of consumers to be protected from health misinformation. c. Testimonials for weight loss supplements are usually based on scientific evidence. d. Promoters of nutrition misinformation often exploit the general public's mistrust of scientists.

Promoters of nutrition misinformation often exploit the general public's mistrust of scientist

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Your body uses excess dietary protein to form the antibodies that cause infections. b. Proteins are your cells' primary energy source. c. Proteins in your blood help maintain proper fluid balance. d. Structural proteins include fibrin and insulin.

Proteins in your blood help maintain proper fluid balance.

A popular fitness magazine has an article about the health benefits of high-fiber diets. Which of the following credentials indicates that the author is likely to be a reliable source of food and nutrition information?

RD

The amount of a vitamin or mineral that meets about 98% of the population's need for the nutrient is the _____ for that nutrient.

RDA

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Scientists have peer reviewers analyze the designs of their human research studies, because the peer-review process reduces research bias. b. Scientists typically use different methods to conduct research, which explains why similar studies involving humans often have conflicting results. c. It is illegal for scientists to publish research findings that are biased in favor of the people or agencies who funded the research projects. d. Scientists developed dietary recommendations for the U.S. population after analyzing results of a single American study, the Framingham Heart Study.

Scientists typically use different methods to conduct research, which explains why similar studies involving humans often have conflicting results

What is the major difference between soluble and insoluble forms of fiber?

Soluble fiber dissolves or swells in water, whereas insoluble fiber generally does not change in water.

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Some absorption of alcohol occurs in the stomach. b. A thick layer of muscle tissue protects the lining of the stomach. c. The sense of taste contributes to the sense of smell. d. The lower gastroesophageal sphincter prevents chyme from entering the small intestine.

Some absorption of alcohol occurs in the stomach.

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. The sense of taste contributes to the sense of smell. b. A thick layer of muscle tissue protects the lining of the stomach. c. Some absorption of alcohol occurs in the stomach. d. The lower gastroesophageal sphincter prevents chyme from entering the small intestine.

Some absorption of alcohol occurs in the stomach.

Match this statement with its dimension of wellness: It is better to ponder the meaning of life for ourselves and to be tolerant of the beliefs of others than to close our minds and become tolerant.

Spiritual

To help conserve the vitamin content of foods,

Steam or stir-fry until tender but not overcooked.

Performing weight-bearing exercise can

Strengthen bones

In the United States, which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Bottled water is safer to drink than tap water b. The Environmental Protection Agency regulates the sanitation of public water supplies. c. The Food and Drug Administration permits manufacturers to add vitamins, minerals, and amino acids to their bottled water and flavored beverage products. d. No federal regulations cover bottled water that is sold throughout the country.

The Environmental Protection Agency regulates the sanitation of public water supplies.

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. The FDA has established Daily Values for nonnutrient dietary supplements. b. The FDA does not permit dietary supplement manufacturers to display structure/function claims on package labels. c. The FDA must review every health-related claim before a dietary supplement manufacturer can display the claim on a label. d. The FDA does not permit dietary supplement manufacturers to market their products as cures for diseases.

The FDA does not permit dietary supplement manufacturers to market their products as cures for diseases.

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Registered dietitians are not required to maintain their certification through continuing education. b. In the United States, only registered dietitians are legally allowed to provide nutrition information. c. You can ask your personal physician for nutrition advice, because physicians have the same training as registered dietitians. d. The First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution often protects people who spread nutrition misinformation.

The First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution often protects people who spread nutrition misinformation.

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. If you do not consume 100% of the RDA for vitamin C every day, you have a high risk of developing the vitamin's deficiency disease. b. Dietitians use MyPyramid as the standard for assessing a population's nutrient adequacy. c. The RDA for vitamin E meets the needs of nearly all healthy persons. d. Dietitians use Daily Values to determine the nutritional adequacy of Americans' diets.

The RDA for vitamin E meets the needs of nearly all healthy persons.

Constance is making a vegetable soup that contains carrots, beans, water, salt, pepper, bits of ham, and onions. The soup has to cook for 4 hours. While the soup is cooking, what will happen to some of the minerals that are in its ingredients?

The minerals will leach out of the food and into the cooking water, retaining their bioavailability and becoming part of the soup in the process.

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. The esophagus is the muscular valve that connects the stomach to the small intestine. b. The colon is the major site of nutrient absorption in the human digestive system. c. The pyloric sphincter controls the rate at which chyme enters the small intestine. d. Lean people have a higher risk of gallstones than obese people.

The pyloric sphincter controls the rate at which chyme enters the small intestine.

A medical researcher asked 50 people with painful, arthritic knees to rub a cream that contained vitamin E on their knees for two weeks. At the end of the two weeks, she asked the subjects whether their knee pain improved, stayed about the same, or worsened during the treatment period. All 50 subjects reported improvement in their knee pain. Based on this information, which of the following statements is true?

The results about the benefits of using a vitamin E cream for knee pain are questionable, because the researcher didn't have a control group

_____ are fat-soluble vitamins.

Vitamin A, K, E, and D

The body can store large amounts of

Vitamin B12

Jared is a vegan (total vegetarian). He can increase his intestinal tract's ability to absorb iron in his diet by combining iron-rich plant foods with sources of

Vitamin C

Which of the following substances is a nutrient that doesn't supply any energy for the human body?

Vitamin C

Which of the following vitamins can be made by the human body?

Vitamin D

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. Vitamins supply about 2 kcal per gram. b. Vitamins are partly defined by their ability to prevent a specific deficiency disorder. c. Most vitamins can be made by the human body. d. Foods generally contain larger amounts of vitamins than proteins or carbohydrates. e. The body excretes fat-soluble vitamins more easily than water-soluble vitamins.

Vitamins are partly defined by their ability to prevent a specific deficiency disorder

Which of the following federally subsidized food programs is designed to improve the nutritional status specifically of low-income pregnant and breastfeeding women and their preschool children in the United States?

WIC

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. The Internet is generally a reliable source of nutrition information, because information posted at web sites has been peer-reviewed. b. In general, personal web sites, such as blogs, are reliable sources of nutrition information. c. Web sites with .edu in their addresses are likely to provide reliable nutrition information. d. Individuals with medical (MD) and research (PhD) degrees are the most reliable sources of nutrition information. e. U.S. laws require promoters of nutrition-related products to publish information in magazine articles and books that's honest or not misleading.

Web sites with .edu in their addresses are likely to provide reliable nutrition information.

Which of the following statements is true? Select one: a. A person's body size doesn't influence the rate at which he or she metabolizes alcohol. b. When they drink the same amounts of alcohol, women tend to show the mind-altering effects of alcohol longer than men. c. When they drink the same amounts of alcohol, women tend to show the mind-altering effects of alcohol longer than men. d. Women make higher amounts of an enzyme that helps metabolize alcohol, so they sober up faster than men, after drinking the same amounts of alcohol.

When they drink the same amounts of alcohol, women tend to show the mind-altering effects of alcohol longer than men.

Which of the following statements is false? Select one: a. Bones store calcium and can release the mineral when it is needed. b. Efforts to reduce the risk of osteoporosis should begin early in life. c. Women generally have the highest risk of osteoporosis before menopause. d. Calcium is needed for muscle contraction and blood clot formation.

Women generally have the highest risk of osteoporosis before menopause.

The body uses selenium to make

a group of proteins that have antioxidant function.

Wendy is a 17-year-old world class gymnast who suffers from female athlete triad. Based on this information, she has

abnormal menstrual cycles

Dennis wants to gain weight, primarily as lean tissue. In addition to performing resistance exercise regularly, he should Select one: a. add nutrient-dense, healthy sources of energy to his diet, including fatty fish, whole-grain cereals, nuts, peanut butter, and olive oil. b. increase his protein intake to 60% of total energy intake, eat more complex carbohydrates, and take a multivitamin/multimineral supplement. c. supplement his diet with essential amino acids and limit his total fat intake to no more than 10% of total kilocalories. d. avoid aerobic activities on the days he doesn't lift weights and eat about 50% of total calories from saturated fat.

add nutrient-dense, healthy sources of energy to his diet, including fatty fish, whole-grain cereals, nuts, peanut butter, and olive oil.

Which of the following foods is a rich source of vitamin E? Select one: a. Fat-free milk b. Enriched white wheat flour c. Almonds d. Ground beef e. Apples

almonds

Which of the following substances is a dietary essential? a. lecithin b. cholesterol c. alpha-linolenic acid d. high-density lipoprotein

alpha-linolenic acid

Humans need vitamin B-6 for

amino acid metabolism

An Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) is the

amount of a nutrient that meets the needs of 50% of healthy people in a particular population.

Derek consumes a protein-rich drink before and after his workouts. He told his workout partner that he became 200% stronger within a couple of months after he added the drink to his diet. His report about the positive effects of the special drink is an example of a(an)

anecdote

Bernice is 91 years of age. Her _____ is likely to have a negative influence her nutritional status. Select one: a. annual income b. daily exercise regimen c. ethnic background d. frequent socialization with friends and family

annual income

A researcher has isolated an organic, water-soluble chemical from roses. After performing tests, the scientist determines that the chemical supplies no energy for cells, but protects cell membranes from being damaged by certain environmental factors. Based on this information, the researcher may have discovered a (an)

antioxidant

Men's Journal and Family Circle may be unreliable sources of nutrition information, because

articles in such popular magazines generally do not undergo peer-review before they are published

Which of the following is a provitamin or precursor for vitamin A?

beta-carotene

Which of the following substances enhances fat-soluble vitamin absorption in the small intestine?

bile

Which of the following substances emulsifies lipids during digestion?

bile salts

The plastic that's used to make water bottles may contain

bisphenol A

According to the "set point theory," a person's

body fat level is largely genetically determined

Chronic alcohol abuse increases the risk of Select one: a. post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. b. vitamin toxicity syndrome. c. thyroid enlargement. d. low blood pressure. e. breast cancer

breast cancer

Which of the following minerals is necessary for proper muscle contraction?

calcium

Glycogen is the

carbohydrate that is stored in liver and muscle tissue.

By performing exercise regularly, people can reduce their risk of

cardiovascular disease

Melanie is a healthy 8-month-old baby who loves to eat carrots, peaches, apricots, and green beans. Recently, her skin turned yellow. Based on this information, Melanie has developed

carotenemia

When Thompson was 5 years of age, he began to complain that his stomach hurt, especially after eating meals and snacks. He also experienced weight loss and chronic diarrhea. His parents noticed that he could eat dairy foods, fruits, and vegetables without developing any intestinal problems, but he would get a "tummy ache" soon after eating sandwiches, crackers, or pancakes. Based on this information, Thompson's parents should have him tested for

celiac disease

Fred is a lactovegetarian. Which of the following foods does he eat?

cheese

Which of the following foods is the richest source of cholesterol? a. Wheat germ b. Palm oil c. Coconut oil d. Chicken breast

chicken breast

The largest and least dense lipoprotein is a

chylomicron

Which of the following foods is the richest source of saturated fat? Select one: a. egg yolks b. chicken fat c. olive oil d. coconut oil

coconut oil

Which of the following organs is not an accessory organ of the digestive system? a. pancreas b. liver c. colon d. gallbladder

colon

During the first few days after giving birth, the new mother's breasts produce

colostrum

Which of the following foods contributes large amounts of trans fat in American diets? Select one: a. chocolate and candies b. commercial baked goods c. liquid corn oil d. salad dressings

commercial baked goods

Becky's 2-year old son can't walk because he was born with spina bifida. To reduce the chances that her next baby is born with a neural tube defect, Becky should

consume green leafy vegetables and take a folic acid supplement before getting pregnant.

Marla is a healthy 30-year-old woman. She doesn't work out, but she consumes protein supplements because she thinks they will increase her muscle mass without the need to exercise. Based on this information, the excess amino acids in her diet will be mostly

converted into carbon skeletons and ammonia

Justin's blood cholesterol level is too high. He'd like to add foods to his diet that can help reduce his blood cholesterol level. Based on this information, which of the following foods should he add? a. chicken liver b. whole eggs c. cooked beans d. unsalted butter

cooked beans

According to Cleo's physician, her blood cholesterol level is too high. Which of the following foods can Cleo add to her diet to help lower her cholesterol? a. fat-free milk b. honey c. white rice d. cooked oatmeal

cooked oatmeal

Which of the following foods is a poor source of high-quality protein? Select one: a. tuna steak b. 2% milk c. corn chips d. soy milk

corn chips

Which of the following foods contains the least water by weight? Select one: a. leaf lettuce b. whole-wheat bread c. chicken breast d. apple with skin e. corn oil

corn oil

Which of the following groups of foods are sources of starch? Select one: a. liver, apples, and cheese b. corn, potatoes, and rice c. beef, seafood, and chicken d. egg whites, fat-free milk, and honey

corn, potatoes, and rice

Consuela is an overweight young woman who wants to lose 10 pounds in 10 weeks. The most reliable and safe way for her to lose this weight is to

decrease her usual energy intake by 500 kcal/day

Anna has type 1 diabetes and gives herself insulin injections to help manage her blood glucose level. One afternoon, Anna tested her blood and discovered that her blood glucose level was 88 mg/dl. Based on this information, Anna should

do nothing to intervene, because her blood glucose level is normal.

Impoverished children who live in developing countries have a high risk of dying from Select one: a. developing type 1 diabetes. b. drinking polluted water. c. being born with diverticulosis. d. consuming too much added fat and sugar. e. consuming too much fat and sugar.

drinking polluted water

The best way to reduce your risk of cancer is to

eat a variety of fruits and vegetables daily.

Parathyroid hormone

enhances the body's ability to absorb and retain calcium.

Maggie was a subject in a clinical study that was designed to determine the effects of certain diets on health. While participating in the study, she was given a synthetic formula diet that provided vitamins, minerals, choline, egg protein, purified water, and potato starch. Within a few weeks, Maggie's hair began to fall out and she developed patches of scaly skin on her arms and legs. When _____ were added to her formula, the signs of the nutritional deficiency disappeared.

essential fatty acid

Mike likes to drink a commercially prepared chocolate milk. According to the label, the flavored milk contains 2% milk, water, high-fructose corn syrup, evaporated cane juice, saccharin, and natural vanilla flavoring. The sources of carbohydrate in this beverage are

evaporated cane juice, 2% milk, and high-fructose corn syrup.

In their efforts to avoid regaining the weight they have lost, members of the National Weight Control Registry tend to

exercise for at least 60 minutes daily

A serving of food supplies 25 g carbohydrate, 20 g fat, 20 g protein, and 100 g water. Which of the following statements is true about a serving of the food? a. Fat provides the most food energy b. Carbohydrate provides the most food energy c. Protein provides about 50% of total calories d. Water provides the most food energy

fat provides the most food energy

Which of the following foods has the greatest bioavailable (absorbable) calcium? a. Fat-free yogurt b. Red delicious apples c. Cottage cheese d. Spinach e. Ground beef

fat-free yogurt

Paige is 6-weeks pregnant. Although Paige drank alcohol before she became pregnant, she refuses to drink any alcohol now, because she does not want to have a baby born with

fetal alcohol spectrum disorder.

Tim's body is shaped like a pear, because his excess body fat is distributed mostly below his waist. His body fat distribution is associated with a. None of these are correct because only females store fat in the pear-shaped pattern. b. increased risk of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease. c. fewer serious chronic health problems than if the excess fat were in the upper part of his body. d. increased risk of osteoporosis, cystic fibrosis, and autoimmune diseases. e. more nutrient deficiency diseases than if the excess fat were in the upper part of his body.

fewer serious chronic health problems than if the excess fat were in the upper part of his body.

Which of the following foods is a source of phytochemicals? a. Fresh blueberries b. Raw egg whites c. Lean meat d. Fat-free milk

fresh blueberries

A chemist would like to develop butter product that includes omega-3 fatty acids and a phytochemical which may reduce the risk of heart disease. The chemist is trying to develop a(n)

functional food

The three most important dietary monosaccharides for humans are

galactose, glucose, and fructose.

Last night, Sara ate French fries, fried fish, and creamy cole slaw. For dessert, she had a chocolate milk shake. About an hour after eating this food, she suddenly complained of severe abdominal pain. Based on this information, Sara probably has

gallstones

Which of the following foods is naturally a rich source of phytochemicals? a. Grapes b. Tuna c. Cheese d. Butter e. Hamburger

grapes

Devon has a rare condition characterized by the lack of saliva-producing cells. Based on this information, Devon probably

has difficulty swallowing

Four-year-old Eva was born with a rare condition characterized by the lack of mucus-producing cells in her digestive tract. Based on this information, Eva probably

has numerous stomach ulcers.

Marcia's BMI is 24.2. Based on this information, her weight is in the _____ range.

healthy

Ted is 10 years of age and is allergic to peanuts. If he accidentally eats peanuts he will likely quickly develop

hives

Caregivers should not feed _____ to infants.

honey

Jared has a high risk of cardiovascular disease because he has

hypertension

Match this statement with its dimension of wellness: A well person expands his or her knowledge and skills while discovering the potential for sharing his or her gifts with others.

intellectual

The six dimensions of wellness are thought to be:

interconnected such that all dimensions much be optimized to achieve complete wellness

Emma consumes dairy products, but she does not eat meat, fish, eggs or poultry. She eats some vegetables and fruits, but she avoids beans, breads and cereal products. Based on this information, her diet lacks adequate

iron

Pregnant women generally need to take a supplement that contains Select one: a. protein and intrinsic factor b. iron and folic acid c. iron and protein d. protein and folic acid e. iron and oxytocin

iron and folic acid

For the past 4 years, 23-year-old Maggie has been losing a lot of blood during her menstrual periods. Based on this information, which of the following conditions is she most likely to develop?

iron deficiency

Which of the following groups of minerals are trace minerals? a. sodium, copper, and potassium b. calcium, phosphorus, and zinc c. iron, copper, and zinc d. calcium, magnesium, and sodium

iron, copper, and zinc

Vitamin C

is needed to properly form collagen.

Duncan's diet contains high amounts of protein and fat, but it is very low in carbohydrate. As a result of following this diet, Duncan's body forms more than normal amounts of

ketone bodies

The _____ play a major role in regulating the body's fluid balance.

kidneys

After being absorbed, most lipids become incorporated into chylomicrons and enter

lacteals within the villi

The _____ helps form feces by absorbing excess water and electrolytes from chyme.

large intestine

According to scientific evidence, which of the following actions can help reduce a person's risk of type 2 diabetes?

losing excess body fat

Theresa is concerned that her 10-year-old son may have type 1 diabetes. Which of the following conditions is a typical sign or symptom of this form of diabetes?

losing weight despite increased appetite

Which of the following conditions or behaviors is a characteristic sign of a person with anorexia nervosa? Select one: a. purging excessive caloric intake by inducing vomiting for over-exercising b. overeating in social situations c. having a metabolic rate that's 10 to 25% above normal d. maintaining a body weight that's 15% or more below the normal weight for his or her height e. consuming excessive doses of dietary supplements daily

maintaining a body weight that's 15% or more below the normal weight for his or her height

Your body needs iodine for

maintaining normal thyroid function

Food guides classify _____ with oils.

mayonnaise

Since she was a 2-year-old "toddler," Gina has been drinking well water that contains a very high amount of fluoride. Based on this information, you would expect Gina to have

mottled teeth

An essential nutrient...

must be supplied by your diet

Every amino acid has _____ in its chemical structure.

nitrogen

A group of scientists designed a clinical study to investigate the effects of cholesterol deficiency in humans. For the duration of the 8-week study, the adult subjects must live in a special research unit of a hospital. The only food the subjects can consume is a synthetic formula that contains all known nutrients, except cholesterol. Based on this information, you would expect

none of the subjects to show signs and symptoms of a cholesterol deficiency during the entire study.

Paisley usually has four bowel movements each week. Based on this information, Paisley should

not worry, because she is not constipated.

Dietitians recommend feeding babies

only breast milk to babies until they are 6 months of age

Jameela is an Iranian woman living in poverty. She is not seen in public places without being covered almost completely in heavy veils. Her usual diet is comprised of legumes, small amounts of yogurt, whole-grain breads and rice, fruits, and a few vegetables. Based on this information, Jameela is most at risk of

osteomalacia

Chronic alcohol abuse increases the risk of a. chronic low blood pressure. b. pancreatic cancer. c. fluorosis. d. goiter. e. heavy metal toxicity.

pancreatic cancer

B vitamins function as

parts of coenzymes

Which of the following foods is a poor source of essential amino acids? Select one: a. tofu b. sesame seeds c. peaches d. fat-free milk

peaches

Which of the following substances participates in the digestion of proteins? Select one: a. amylase b. lipase c. bile salts d. pepsin

pepsin

Lecithin is a type of

phospholipid

Researchers are conducting a study to determine the effects of vitamin C on the human immune system. The study involves providing pills that contain vitamin C to one group of human subjects and pills that do not contain vitamin C or other active ingredients to another group of people. The pills that do not contain the vitamin are

placebos

A scientist discovers a chemical that is a chain of four amino acids. Each amino acid is connected to the other by a peptide bond. Based on the information, the chemical is a

polypeptide

Which of the following groups of minerals are major minerals?

potassium, magnesium, and sodium

_____ is the primary source of sodium in the typical American's diet.

processed food

The human body needs vitamin K to

produce blood clotting factors

Which of the following foods is likely to be a source of Salmonella? Select one: a. oatmeal b. peanut butter c. canned applesauce d. raw chicken e. honey

raw chicken

Which of the following foods is the most nutrient dense per serving? a) raw tomatoes b)margarine c)oatmeal cookie d)tortilla chips

raw tomatoes

Conventional farming has a high risk for creating environmental problems. Some potential solutions to help solve such problems include Select one: a. relying more on growing pest-resistant crops and using other integrated pest management techniques. b. eliminating all chemical means of pest management, because such methods harm the environment and human health. c. eliminating novel methods of increased food production which rely on biotechnological advances in agriculture. d. increasing the production of grain-fed beef and dairy foods.

relying more on growing pest-resistant crops and using other integrated pest management techniques.

Kayla was a participant in a clinical study to determine how much vitamin C cures scurvy, the vitamin's deficiency disease. During the study, Kayla consumed only a formula diet that was nutritionally complete, except it did not contain vitamin C. Within a few weeks, Kayla developed scurvy. At that point, researchers gave 2 mg vitamin C to Kayla each day for a week, but her signs and symptoms of scurvy remained. In the weeks that followed, the scientists continued to increase Kayla's intake of the vitamin by 2 mg/week. After a week of taking 10 mg of vitamin C/day, Kayla reported feeling much better. Based on this information, the researchers concluded that Kayla's

requirement for Vitamin C was 10 mg

When following recipes, Candice wants to use fats that are not solid fats. Which of the following fats should she use?

safflower oil

Solid fats generally have a high proportion of ____ fatty acids.

saturated

A scientist has isolated a fatty acid that has 26 carbons bonded together. All of the carbon atoms in the chain are connected by single bonds. Based on this information, the compound is a

saturated fatty acid

During a television interview, Dr. Ima Quack provides the following statement. "Most Americans suffer from nutritional deficiency diseases and will develop cancer within the next 10 years because they are not taking my megavitamin formula therapy." Dr. Quack's statement is an example of a(n)

scare tactic

Chyme is the...

semisolid liquid formed by the partial digestion of food in the stomach

Scientists are uncertain whether ____ is an essential mineral for humans.

silicon

Most lipid digestion occurs in the

small intestine

The _____ is the primary site for vitamin absorption in the body.

small intestine

Adipose cells function to

store fat and alter body functions through adipokines

If your diet supplies more glucose than you need, the excess can be

stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles.

Alicia has PKU. She would like to sweeten her iced tea with a substance that provides 0 kcal/g. Based on this information, which of the following sweeteners supplies 0 kcal/g and is safe for her to use?

sucralose

Which of the following menu items is referred to as an "empty-calorie" food?

sugar-sweetened soft drinks

A nutrient requirement is...

the smallest amount of a nutrient that maintains a particular level of nutritional health.

Metabolism is...

the total of all chemical reactions that occur in cells

Which of the following substances is a major factor that influences a person's metabolic rate? a. thyroid hormone b. salivary amylase c. leptin d. parathyroid hormone e. ghrelin

thyroid hormone

According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2015, _____ are unhealthy and should be consumed in limited amounts.

trans-fats

Overweight and obese people have a greater risk of _____ than people who aren't overfat. Select one: a. skin cancer b. pernicious anemia c. rickets d. low blood pressure e. type 2 diabetes

type 2 diabetes

During the past two months, Theresa has had intestinal pain after eating and diarrhea, and she's noticed blood in her feces. Additionally, she's lost about 10 pounds. Based on this information, Theresa should be tested for

ulcerative colitis

Diet refers to a person's...

usual pattern of food choices

The lining of the small intestine is covered with _____, tiny, finger-like structures that absorb nutrients from food.

villi

Erika is a vegan. She is at risk for a serious nutritional deficiency of _____ in her diet.

vitamin B-12

Yesterday, Jenny ran in a marathon race. While she ran, she drank several large cups of water at water stations along the race course. At the end of the race, she experienced difficulty making it to the finish line. She was confused, and she complained of having a headache and feeling dizzy. Based on this information, Jenny was probably suffering from

water intoxication

Julio wants to cook chicken, make a salad, and bake a pie made with eggs and milk for his roommates. Julio and his dinner guests are likely to experience food-borne illness if he Select one: a. keeps the pie chilled before serving it. b. thaws the frozen raw chicken in a covered tray on the bottom shelf of the refrigerator. c. wipes the knife used to cut up the raw chicken on a hand towel before using the knife to cut up the salad vegetables. d. marinates the cut-up pieces of raw chicken in the refrigerator and then throws out the marinade.

wipes the knife used to cut up the raw chicken on a hand towel before using the knife to cut up the salad vegetables.