Nutrition Lesson 3 Quiz

stomach, small intestine

Bicarbonate is a base with an alkaline pH that neutralizes the acidity of chyme as it moves from the ___________ to the ______________.

pyloric sphincter

Controls passage of food from stomach to small intestine

passive diffusion

Fat and water are diffused through _____________.

ATP

In the cells, chemical reactions convert the energy in glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids into ________.

Epiglottis

Located near the throat, the __________________ is the flap of tissue that prevents food from entering the trachea.

Peristalsis

Muscular contractions occurring throughout the GI tract that move food along are collectively called _______________.

passive diffusion

The free movement of a nutrient from an area of higher concentration (in the lumen) to an area of lower concentration (in the absorptive cell) is called _______________________.

facilitated diffusion

The movement of a nutrient down a concentration gradient into the absorptive cells with the help of a protein carrier is _________________________.

enzymes

The pancreas secretes lipase, amylase and proteases, which are all ___________ used to breakdown macronutrients.

esophagus/ stomach/ small intestine

The path food travels through the gastrointestinal tract

fat

The primary nutrient that bile is responsible for digesting and absorbing is ____.

Small intestine

The primary site of nutrient absorption from the gastrointestinal tract is the

Pharynx

The throat is otherwise known as the ___________, an organ that is located at the back of the oral and nasal cavities.

True

True or False: Proteins are made of amino acids.

Glucose

What are carbohydrates are broken down into?

probiotic

a microorganism that colonizes the large intestine and thereby improves intestinal tract health is called _____________.

ileocecal sphincter

pertaining to the ring of muscles between the ileum and the cecum

lower esophageal sphincter

to prevent reflux of acid stomach contents into the esophagus; note that it does ***not regulate entry into the stomach*.

Bolus

A moistened mass of food swallowed from the oral cavity into the pharynx is called a(n) ______.

Esophagus

The _________________ is a long tube in the GI tract that connects the throat with the stomach.

active absorption

Transport of a nutrient against a concentration gradient requires both a protein carrier and the input of energy. This type of transport is called ______________________________.

liver

Bile is necessary for some nutrient digestion and absorption; bile is produced in the ______.

Gallbladder

Bile storage is concentrated in the ___________.

facilitated diffusion

Fructose is diffused through __________.

active diffusion

Glucose and Amino acids are diffused through __________.

Phagocytosis

Immune substances in human milk is diffused through __________.

Endocytosis

In a type of transport called _____________________, absorptive cells engulf nutrients from the lumen of the GI tract and form a vesicle around the substance to bring it into the cell.

True

True or False: Glucose, protein, glycerol, and long-fatty acids are absorbed from the small intestine directly into the bloodstream.

fatty acids and glycerol

What are lipids are broken down into?

Peptide YY

What inhibits gastric and pancreatic secretions?

Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP)

What inhibits gastric secretion, and stimulates insulin release?

Somatostatin

What inhibits the release of GI hormones; slows gastric emptying, GI motility, and blood flow to the intestine?

Motilin

What regulates motility of the gastrointestinal tract?

Eat more high-fiber foods like whole grain breads and cereals. Increase water intake to help prevent dehydration, which makes constipation worse Try to develop more regular bowel habits, such as allowing the same time of day for bowel movements, which helps train the large intestine to respond routinely.

What relieves constipation?

Gastric inhibitory peptide

What signals the stomach to limit the release of gastric juices and slows gastric motility?

Secretin

What stimulates the release of pancreatic bicarbonate?

Cholecystokinin

What stimulates the release of pancreatic enzymes and bile from the pancreas and gallbladder, respectively?

Gastrin

What triggers the stomach to release HCI and pepsinogen; stimulates gastric and intestinal motility?

The liver

Where do all absorbed nutrients eventually travel to?

stomach

Where is hydrochloric acid secreted?

Peristalsis

________________ refers to the muscular contractions that move food along the gastrointestinal tract.

anal sphincter

closes the anus except during elimination of waste

Sphincter of Oddi

controls the amount of bile into the small intestine