Nutrition Midterm

A serving of food contains 15 g carbohydrate, 3 g protein, 5 g fat, 5 mg vitamin C, and 100 mL water. Based on this information, a serving of this food supplies 117 kcals. 107 kcals. 97 kcals. 87 kcals.

117 kcals. 1 g of carbohydrates has 4 kcal 1 g of protein has 4 kcal 1g of fat has 9kcal 1 g of alcohol has 7 kcal

What is the net gain of ATP molecules produced during glycolysis? 30 32 4 2

2

Chase is a 22-year-old college student. According to recommendations of the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR), fat should comprise ________% of his total energy intake each day. 20 to 35 10 to 20 5 to 10 35 to 45

20 to 35

Sarah consumes approximately 2000 kcal/day. According to recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, she should limit her saturated fat intake to fewer than ________ kcal/day. 350 250 450 200

200

According to MyPlate, Erika should consume 3 cups of milk daily. She prefers eating plain yogurt to drinking milk. How much plain yogurt can she eat to meet her plan's recommendation for milk and milk products? 3 cups 4 cups 5 cups 1 cup

3 cups

What is the RDA for folate? 400 DFE 500 DFE 600 DFE 100 DFE

400 DFE

MyPlate groups foods into ________ major categories. 2 4 5 3

5

Which of the following foods is a high-quality protein snack that can replace a snack that contains animal proteins? 8 ounce glass of soy milk 1 ounce of baby carrots 6 whole-wheat crackers ½ cup of watermelon chunks

8 ounce glass of soy milk

The RDA for vitamin C is? 75 mg/day for men, 90 mg/day for women 90 mg/day for men, 75 mg/day for women men and women both require 150 mg/day 50 mg/day for men, 100 mg/day for women

90 mg/day for men, 75 mg/day for women

A deficiency of vitamin ________ results in deterioration of epithelial cells. A K B-12 B-6

A

Which of the following is an example of a potential carcinogen? Alcohol Omega-3 fatty acids Whole wheat bread Whole milk

Alcohol

Nolan would like to add more dietary fiber to his diet. Which of the All of the choices are correct. Use whole-wheat pasta. Snack on fresh fruit. Select a bran cereal for breakfast. Add wheat germ to pancake batter when making pancakes.

All of the choices are correct.

Which of the following are associated with having a fat malabsortion issue? All of the choices are correct. Chronic diarrhea and excessive fat in feces Can be casued by cystic fibrosis, liver disease, or consumption of orlistat Abdominal pain, bloating, and gassiness

All of the choices are correct.

Which of the following fatty acids is an essential fatty acid? Alpha-linolenic acid Oleic acid Stearic acid Palmitic acid

Alpha-linolenic acid

________ involves metabolic reactions that build larger molecules from smaller ones. Edentualism Catabolism Polymorphism Anabolism

Anabolism

________ prevent or limit the ability of free radicals to damage polyunsaturated fatty acids and DNA in cells. Antioxidants Antidotes Phosphates Oxidizing agents

Antioxidants

________ is a chemical pathway involved in the catabolism of an activated fatty acid and occurs in the mitochondria. Glycogenesis Beta-oxidation Ketogenesis Glycogenolysis

Beta-oxidation

Which of the following organs is not an accessory organ of the digestive system? Pancreas Gallbladder Brain Liver

Brain Accessory organs are: Teeth, tongue, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas

Which of the following conditions is characterized by inflammation and swelling of the intestinal tract? Crohn's disease Cystic fibrosis Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) Peptic ulcer

Crohn's disease

________ is the process that changes the normal shape of a protein and, as a result, the molecule loses its usual function. Denaturation Hydrogenation Filtration Protonation

Denaturation

Which of the following statements is true? Edema is a major sign of protein-energy malnutrition. Protein-energy malnutrition affects babies while they are breastfeeding. In the United States, teenagers have the greatest risk of protein-energy malnutrition. Compared to children in other parts of the world, impoverished children in the United States have the highest risk of protein-energy malnutrition.

Edema is a major sign of protein-energy malnutrition.

Which of the following statements is FALSE? Energy metabolism is an important function of fat-soluble vitamins. It is easier for the body to eliminate water-soluble vitamins compared to fat-soluble vitamins. Fat-soluble vitamins are generally more toxic than water-soluble vitamins. Vitamins A, D, E, and K are digested and absorbed with fats in the gastrointestinal tract.

Energy metabolism is an important function of fat-soluble vitamins.

Which of the following statements about enterocytes is false? Enterocytes line the villi. Enterocytes are exposed to chyme. Enterocytes are absorptive cells. Enterocytes are located in the stomach and are necessary for intrinsic factor production.

Enterocytes are located in the stomach and are necessary for intrinsic factor production.

Which of the following does NOT affect nutrient needs? Health status Sex Ethnicity Age

Ethnicity

The coenzyme form of riboflavin is FAD. NAD. ATP. TPP.

FAD.

The ________ is responsible for ensuring the safety and effectiveness of medications. EPA FDA NRC FTC

FDA

Which of the following physical characteristics or health conditions is a sign of metabolic syndrome? Fasting blood glucose levels that are consistently between 75 and 99 mg/dl Body temperature that is over 101°F Waist circumference that is 32 inches Fasting blood triglyceride levels that are consistently more than 150 mg/dl

Fasting blood triglyceride levels that are consistently more than 150 mg/dl

Which of the following foods is naturally a good source of high-quality protein? Avocado with leafy greens salad Soybean oil Sesame seed crackers Fat-free milk

Fat-free milk

Which of the following foods is the most nutrient-dense per serving? Soft margarine Fat-free milk Cheese nachos Iceberg lettuce

Fat-free milk

Kristan uses %DVs to help plan nutritious menus with various packaged foods. She should try to obtain at least 100% of the Daily Value for which of the following nutrients? Fat Added sugars Sodium Fiber

Fiber

Strawberries are naturally a source of which monosaccharide? Sucrose Galactose Starch Fructose

Fructose

Which of the following compounds is secreted by the human stomach? Saliva Chyme Gastric juice Bile salts

Gastric juice

________ is the breakdown of glycogen into glucose molecules. Glycogenolysis Glucogenesis Ketogenesis Glycolysis

Glycogenolysis

Which of the following foods is a good source of vitamin K? Enriched breads Processed poultry products Green leafy vegetables Citrus fruit

Green leafy vegetables

Why is taking excess amounts of fat-soluble vitamins more likely to cause toxicity than taking excesses of water-soluble vitamins? In general, excesses of fat-soluble vitamins cannot be excreted as easily as water-soluble vitamins. In general, water-soluble vitamins are more likely to be stored in the body than fat-soluble vitamins. The body has higher requirements for fat-soluble vitamins. The body has higher requirements for water-soluble vitamins.

In general, excesses of fat-soluble vitamins cannot be excreted as easily as water-soluble vitamins.

Which of the following statements is true? In the United States, poor eating habits contribute to some of the ten leading causes of death. A person's diet is influenced by his or her blood type and birth order. Most people are born with the ability to choose a nutritious diet. Nutrients are life-sustaining phytochemicals in food.

In the United States, poor eating habits contribute to some of the ten leading causes of death.

Which of the following statements is true? In the United States, poor eating habits contribute to some of the ten leading causes of death. Most people are born with the ability to choose a nutritious diet. A person's diet is influenced by his or her blood type and birth order. Nutrients are life-sustaining phytochemicals in food.

In the United States, poor eating habits contribute to some of the ten leading causes of death.

Which of the following is a micronutrient? Fat Glucose Protein Iron

Iron Macronutrients • Carbohydrates• Fats• Proteins Micronutrients • Vitamins• Minerals

Which of the following lipoproteins contains the highest percentage of cholesterol? VLDL LDL HDL Chylomicron

LDL

Which of the following foods is the most nutrient-dense per serving? Refined grains Leafy greens Grape drink French fries

Leafy greens

Justin's blood cholesterol levels are too high. He'd like to add foods to his diet that can help reduce his blood cholesterol level. Based on this information, which of the following foods should he add? Legumes (e.g. black beans) White rice Milk Liver

Legumes (e.g. black beans)

According to research if people want to reduce their risk of cardiovascular disease, they would want to subscribe to which dietary food pyramid? Asian Diet. Traditional Mexican Diet. Africian Heritage Diet. Mediterranean Diet.

Mediterranean Diet.

Which of the following statements is true? Scientists classify forms of fiber according to their solubility in oil. Most forms of fiber are comprised of fructose molecules bonded together. Dietary fiber includes the stringy material found in tough, overcooked meat. Most Americans do not consume enough dietary fiber.

Most Americans do not consume enough dietary fiber.

________ is added to refined grain products as part of the enrichment process. Vitamin B-6 Niacin Vitamin A Pantothenic acid

Niacin

Adding a small amount of ________ to cooked vegetables can enhance the intestinal tract's ability to absorb the fat-soluble vitamins they contain. olive oil water sugar red wine

Olive Oil

________ is a condition associated with vitamin D deficiency in adults that is characterized by softening of the bones. Osteomalacia Rickets Melanin Osteoporosis

Osteomalacia

A group of scientists conducts a scientific study to investigate dietary factors that influence the development of breast cancer. Which of the following activities is NOT likely to be a component of their research efforts? Collecting data and analyzing results Submitting an article describing the study to a peer-reviewed journal Posting findings at the main researcher's personal website Making observations and formulating a hypothesis

Posting findings at the main researcher's personal website

Which of the following is NOT a major nutrition-related objective of Healthy People 2020? Provide fitness trails to increase physical activity of children and adults. Increase the contribution of fruits to the diets of the population aged 2 years and older. Increase the contribution of whole grains to the diets of the population aged 2 years and older. Reduce the proportion of adults who are obese.

Provide fitness trails to increase physical activity of children and adults.

________ is the most biologically active form of vitamin A in the body. Alpha-tocopherol Retinol Lutein Beta-carotene

Retinol

BLANK is a component of two coenzymes that play key roles in energy metabolism, yogurt, and other milk products are some of the best sources of this vitamin.

Riboflavin

Which of the following menu items has ingredients that represent all MyPlate food groups? Sandwich made with Swiss cheese, cooked ham, mayonnaise, and two slices of buttered whole-wheat bread Ready-to-eat cereal with strawberries, blueberries, wheat germ, and fat-free milk Smoothie made with vanilla yogurt, fat-free milk, orange juice, wheat germ, and fresh peaches Salad made with hard-cooked eggs, grapes, leaf lettuce, cooked pasta, and cheddar cheese

Salad made with hard-cooked eggs, grapes, leaf lettuce, cooked pasta, and cheddar cheese

What type of claim is "calcium builds strong bones and teeth"? Structure/function claim Health claim Preliminary health claim Nutrient claim

Structure/function claim

Which of the following sweeteners provides 4 kcal/g? Sucrose Stevia Saccharin Sucralose

Sucrose

Which of the following statements is true? VLDLs transport most cholesterol in blood to the liver for disposal. Hydrolyzed HDL is a toxic lipoprotein that contributes to cardiovascular disease. All forms of LDL cholesterol are considered unhealthy, because they increase the risk of diabetes. The cholesterol carried by oxidized LDL is taken up by certain arterial cells and deposited in plaque.

The cholesterol carried by oxidized LDL is taken up by certain arterial cells and deposited in plaque.

Which of the following statements is true? The traditional Asian diet contains high amounts of milk and milk products. According to Mormon dietary laws, pork and pork by-products are forbidden as food. The traditional Mediterranean diet supplies more olive oil and fish than the traditional American diet. Jewish dietary laws forbid the use of alcohol.

The traditional Mediterranean diet supplies more olive oil and fish than the traditional American diet.

The coenzyme form of thiamine is Thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP). Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP). NAD. ATP.

Thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP).

Which type of diabetes is most common in the United States? Type 2 diabetes Insulin-dependent diabetes Gestational diabetes Type 1 diabetes

Type 2 diabetes

Which of the following vitamins is not produced by the microflora in the large intestine? Vitamin C Vitamin B-12 Thiamin Vitamin K

Vitamin C

________ are fat-soluble vitamins. Niacin, riboflavin, and thiamin Vitamins K, D, and A Pantothenic acid, vitamin E, and choline Vitamins B-12, B-6, and E

Vitamins K, D, and A

Which of the following statements about sphincters is false? When a sphincter relaxes, the passageway closes to prevent movement of GI contents. Sphincters are thickened regions of circular muscle. Sphincters are important for controlling the flow of the contents through the GI tract. Sphincters are essential for normal digestion.

When a sphincter relaxes, the passageway closes to prevent movement of GI contents.

Which of the following foods typically acts as a prebiotic? Chicken Cheese Whole grains Yogurt

Whole grains

Which of the following foods is NOT a good source of thiamin? Enriched bread Pork chops Wheat germ Whole milk

Whole milk

Which of the following typically acts as a probiotic? Green leafy vegetables Whole grain cereals Yogurt Legumes

Yogurt

The citric acid cycle is a/an ________ process. anaerobic aerobic

aerobic

A large quantity of ATP molecules is produced during ________. both aerobic and anaerobic metabolism aerobic metabolism when there isn't sufficient oxygen present in the cell aerobic metabolism when adequate oxygen is present in the cell anaerobic metabolism when adequate oxygen is present in the cell

aerobic metabolism when adequate oxygen is present in the cell

The condition in which a person cannot taste any food is called hypoanosmia. anosmia. hypogeusia. ageusia.

ageusia.

An Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) is the range of intake for a particular nutrient that is not likely to cause toxicity or deficiency. minimum amount of a nutrient that is safe to consume and cures the nutrient's deficiency disease. percentage of a nutrient standard that is used for food labeling purposes. amount of a nutrient that meets the needs of 50% of healthy people in a particular population.

amount of a nutrient that meets the needs of 50% of healthy people in a particular population.

Carmen is an active child who is allergic to peanuts. While attending a classroom party, Carmen accidentally was exposed to trail mix that contained peanuts, and she rapidly developed ________ as a result. anaphylaxis torticollis fibrosis cirrhosis

anaphylaxis

A researcher has isolated an organic, water-soluble chemical from roses. After performing in vivo tests, the scientist determines that the chemical supplies no energy for cells, but protects cell membranes from being damaged by certain environmental factors. Based on this information, the researcher may have discovered a(n) ________. precursor antioxidant amino acid autoanalyzing agent

antioxidant

Consuming too much avidin, a protein found in raw egg whites, may inhibit ________ absorption. vitamin B-6 folate biotin thiamin

biotin

A primary function of the digestive system is the breakdown of food into nutrients. destruction of toxic metabolic by-products. production of red blood cells. transmission of nervous impulses.

breakdown of food into nutrients.

Generally, epidemiological studies ________. establish causation without experimentation cannot determine cause-and-effect relationships involve in vitro experimentation prove positive correlations

cannot determine cause-and-effect relationships

A ________ remains when the amino group of an amino acid is removed. carbon skeleton fatty acid dipeptide fragment ribonucleotide

carbon skeleton

Metabolic reactions that break down larger molecules into smaller ones are classified as ________. metaphysic anabolic catabolic dynamic

catabolic

Choosing foods based on religious teachings is an example of ________ factors influencing eating habits. physiological biological environmental cognitive

cognitive

Having a control group enables researchers to avoid using harmful interventions when testing control subjects' responses. provide specific treatments to participants of the group. compare findings of the control group with those of the experimental group. explore possible hypotheses for future research efforts.

compare findings of the control group with those of the experimental group.

A dipeptide is formed when two amino acids bond through a ________ reaction. aminopeptidase hydrolysis condensation enzymatic

condensation

Dorothy is an 85-year-old woman who is having difficulty swallowing. Food seems to enter her stomach too slowly. Based on this information, Dorothy probably has a(n) overgrowth of probiotics in her stomach. excessive amount of secretory activity within her digestive tract. condition characterized by loss of peristaltic functioning. blockage caused by undigested fiber deposits in her jejunum.

condition characterized by loss of peristaltic functioning.

An online advertisement for a weight-loss product includes before and after photos of a woman who supposedly lost 50 pounds in 3 weeks while taking the product. The bottom of the ad includes the statement, "Results are not typical." This statement is an example of a(n) ________. anecdote testimonial placebo disclaimer

disclaimer

Chyme moves from the stomach into the duodenum. colon. ileum. jejunum.

duodenum.

Scientists in a Central American country are studying factors that may be associated with delayed physical growth among a group of low-income children. The children live in a region of the nation that has high levels of lead in drinking water. This study is an example of a(an) ________ study. epidemiological conventional introspective uncontrollable

epidemiological

Fructose is primarily absorbed from the small intestine via simple diffusion. endocytosis. facilitated diffusion. active transport.

facilitated diffusion.

A scientist has discovered a new molecular compound that is a long chain of 26 carbons bonded together, with a methyl group on one end and an acid group on the other end of the molecule. The compound does not contain any nitrogen or sulfur atoms. Based on this information, the compound is a(n) ________. amino acid fatty acid sterol phospholipid

fatty acid

What is the primary symptom of niacin toxicity? diarrhea dizziness flushing of skin fatigue

flushing of skin

Megaloblastic anemia may occur as a result of a deficiency in ________. folate or vitamin C riboflavin or niacin thiamin or riboflavin folate or vitamin B-12

folate or vitamin B-12

Vitamin B-12 is supplied mostly in fruits and vegetables. foods of animal origin. cereal grains. None of these answers are correct.

foods of animal origin.

The three most important dietary monosaccharides for humans are glucose, galactose, and mannose. fructose, lactose, and hexose monophosphate. maltose, ribose, and galactose. galactose, glucose, and fructose.

galactose, glucose, and fructose.

Max wants to restrict the added sugar intake of his 5-year-old son. He should serve more foods that are sources of refined carbohydrates. replace his son's favorite fruit juices with fruit ades or drinks. give the child low-fat milk with meals and snacks instead of regular soft drinks. encourage the child to consume more energy drinks.

give the child low-fat milk with meals and snacks instead of regular soft drinks.

Phil is a healthy college student. When he wakes up in the morning, he can't wait to eat breakfast. While he is asleep and before he consumes food or beverages, his pancreas secretes ________ to maintain his blood glucose level within normal limits. thyroxin aldosterone insulin glucagon

glucagon

The synthesis of glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors including glycerol, lactate, pyruvate, and most amino acids is called ________. glycolysis gluconeogenesis glycogenesis beta-oxidation

gluconeogenesis

Nervous system cells burn mostly ________ for energy. glucose fiber fructose lactose

glucose

Compared to a triglyceride molecule, an amino acid molecule ________. has three fatty acids attached to a glycerol is comprised of glucose units has nitrogen in its chemical structure provides more energy

has nitrogen in its chemical structure

Libby was born without salivary glands. As a result of this condition, she has trouble tasting food. cannot tolerate eating cold foods. digests food too rapidly. develops numerous stomach ulcers.

has trouble tasting food.

The leading cause of nutrition-related death in the United States is ________. suicide homicide heart disease cancer

heart disease

Insulin is released during fasting periods, such as between meals. helps glucose enter cells. increases blood glucose levels after meals. stimulates cells to break down glycogen for energy.

helps glucose enter cells.

Segmentation helps mix chyme in the small intestine. occurs in the esophagus, allowing the bolus to travel from the mouth to the stomach. is under voluntary control. results in impaired absorption of nutrients.

helps mix chyme in the small intestine.

Julian ate a baked potato as a side with his dinner. The starch in the baked potato will begin to be digested in the stomach. in the small intestine. in the large intestine. in the mouth.

in the mouth.

Monique is a 19-year-old college student who would like to follow a Mediterranean diet pattern instead of her typical "western" diet. Based on this information, Monique should decrease her intake of fish and seafood. increase her red meat intake. eat fewer beans and peas. increase her intake of fruit.

increase her intake of fruit.

A high intake of vitamin E can result in lead poisoning. cause atherosclerosis. inhibit copper absorption. interfere with vitamin K's blood-clotting activity.

interfere with vitamin K's blood-clotting activity.

Starch is found in both plant and animal food sources. is composed of amylose and amylopectin. cannot be digested by human enzymes. is more branched than glycogen.

is composed of amylose and amylopectin.

Darrell suffers from frequent diarrhea as a result of IBS. Because of the frequent diarrhea, the bioavailability of vitamins in his diet ________. is increased stays the same is reduced

is reduced

A chylomicron is a type of ________. sterol lipoprotein phospholipid fatty acid

lipoprotein

The ________ sphincter closes after a bolus has been swallowed and enters the stomach. This sphincter is essential to prevent the contents of the stomach reentering the esophagus. lower esophageal upper esophageal epiglottis pyloric

lower esophageal

The enzyme ________ is necessary for digesting the disaccharide that contains two molecules of glucose. maltase amylase lactase sucrase

maltase

An essential nutrient provides energy (kcals) to the diet. is found only in fortified foods. is found only in foods from animal sources. must be supplied by the diet.

must be supplied by the diet.

Bernard has been suffering from a viral infection for over a week. As a result of the illness, he has a fever and has lost his appetite. Based on this information, his body is in ________ nitrogen balance. facilitated negative positive deactivated

negative

High intakes of vitamin A during pregnancy can cause birth defects. This is an example of __________. nutripronomics nutrifanatics nutrigenomics nutrigenetics

nutrigenomics

The science of food; the nutrients and substances therein; and their action, interaction, and balance in relation to health and disease is a definition of ________. energy metabolism nutrition life food science

nutrition

Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) values are for people who are ________. over 19 years of age 1 to 4 years of age of all ages over 4 years of age

of all ages

Lecithin is a type of ________. phospholipid triglyceride fatty acid sterol

phospholipid

Scientists enroll 500 healthy adults in a study and collect dietary and other lifestyle information about the group. After 6 years, the scientists determine that study participants who ate at least 5 servings of fruits and vegetables daily were less likely to develop high blood pressure than participants who ate fewer than 5 servings of these foods daily. This study is an example of a(n) ________ study. introspective retrospective prospective nutritive

prospective

According to MyPlate, two to six ounces of is the serving size for this food group. dairy protein grain fruit

protein

Beta-carotene is also called provitamin A. calcitriol. retinal or retinol. rhodopsin.

provitamin A.

A group of nutrition researchers interviews 100 adults who have chronic high blood pressure to determine whether there is an association between consuming diets low in calcium during adolescence and developing high blood pressure in adulthood. This study is an example of a ________ study. case-control macrosomatic prospective retrospective

retrospective

Isaac is an 8-year-old child who has African ancestry. He lives in Chicago and does not spend much time outdoors. He does not like to consume dairy foods because he has lactose intolerance. His diet consists primarily of enriched white bread, peanut butter, chicken, pork, apples, bananas, and green vegetables. Based on this information, Isaac has a high risk of __________. beriberi rickets pellagra scurvy

rickets

The sweetener found in Sweet'N Low is aspartame. neotame. saccharin. sucralose

saccharin.

Alcohol provides how many kilocalories per gram? four two seven nine

seven

Salivary glands secrete amylase, an enzyme that enables a minor amount of ________ to be digested in the mouth. water starch alcohol protein

starch

The body uses cholesterol to make __________. steroid hormones vitamin A fatty acids water

steroid hormones

An important function of carbohydrates is to ________. supply energy promote growth and tissue repair provide amino acids absorb and transport vitamins

supply energy

An Adequate Intake (AI) is set for a nutrient when ________. the nutrient has a high potential for being toxic too little research is available to establish an RDA the need for a nutrient depends on total calories eaten the needs during pregnancy decline instead of increase

too little research is available to establish an RDA

Under the current law on nutrition labeling, the Nutrition Facts panel must include ________. total calories from fat total calories from trans fat grams of monounsaturated fat total calories from saturated fat

total calories from fat

The lining of the small intestine is covered with ________, tiny, finger-like structures that absorb nutrients from food. arteries villi neurons lacteals

villi

The human body can absorb some of the ________ that is synthesized by intestinal bacteria. vitamin A riboflavin vitamin K thiamin

vitamin K

April wants to add ________ to her salad, because the food is a naturally rich source of omega-3 fats. walnuts coconut oil cheddar cheese bread cubes

walnuts

The AMDRs do NOT include estimates for intake of ________. proteins water fats carbohydrates

water

Which of the following is inorganic? water carbohydrates vitamins lipids

water

Labeling laws require that ingredients in food products be listed on the container in descending order of their ________. weight cost calories nutrient density

weight

How many ounce(s) from the grains group is required each day. 1-2 2-4 4-8 3-8 0-1

3-8 Dairy (2-3 cups per day) Protein (2-6.5 ounces per day) Fruit (1-3 cups per day) Veggies (1-3 cups per day) Oils (5 teaspoons per day)

Which of the following foods is not a good source of vitamin E? Ground beef Safflower oil Whole grains Sunflower seeds

Ground beef

Proteins ________. are stored as glycogen in the body are comprised of amino acids have phosphorus in their chemical structures provide 7 kcal/g

are comprised of amino acids

Omega-3 fatty acids ________. are polyunsaturated fatty acids must be taken through dietary supplements have a double bond at the third carbon from the acid end of the hydrocarbon chain include stearic and lauric acids

are polyunsaturated fatty acids

Jamal wants to lower his risk of cancer. He should ________. drink less water reduce his fiber intake avoid drinking coffee avoid drinking alcohol

avoid drinking alcohol

A nutrition researcher adds 30 mg of the mineral iron to the daily diet of 50 4-week-old laboratory mice. After 10 weeks, the scientist takes blood samples from each mouse. According to his findings, the mice developed abnormal levels of certain enzymes in their red blood cells. Based on this information and your knowledge of scientific research, what would you tell him? He should consider his findings as an observation and redesign the study to include a control group. He should call a press conference and report his findings to the public, so they can avoid consuming excess iron. He should report his findings to other nutrition scientists, so they can repeat his study and confirm the results. He should prepare a research article that describes his study and its results for submission to a peer-reviewednutrition journal.

He should consider his findings as an observation and redesign the study to include a control group.

Which of the following substances is a complex carbohydrate? High-fructose corn syrup Lactose Glucose Soluble fiber

Soluble fiber

Which of the following is a neural tube defects. Mesencephalon Spinal conus Spina bifida Telencephalon

Spina bifida

Which of the following conditions is characterized by inflammation and swelling of the intestinal tract? Peptic ulcer Ulcerative colitis Cystic fibrosis Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Ulcerative colitis

________ is a component of pyridoxal phosphate (PLP). Niacin Pantothenic acid Vitamin B-6 Thiamin

Vitamin B-6

Which of the following observations is an example of a negative or inverse correlation? When pregnant women gain more weight than average, they are more likely to give birth to babies who are heavier than average. As children increase their physical activity level, they develop greater muscle mass than children who are less active. When children eat three or more servings of fruits and vegetables a day, their blood levels of vitamin C increase. When members of a population increase their consumption of milk and milk products, their risk for bone fractures decreases.

When members of a population increase their consumption of milk and milk products, their risk for bone fractures decreases.

Which of the following is not a function of cholecystokinin? Stimulate the contraction of the gallbladder to release the bile Control the secretion of mucus by the mucus cells Trigger the release of enzyme-rich pancreatic juice into the small intestine Control the flow of chyme from the stomach to the small intestine

Control the secretion of mucus by the mucus cells

High-fiber diets are associated with all of the following EXCEPT reduced absorption of some minerals. reduced risk of diabetes. reduced risk of heart disease. reduced risk of stroke.

reduced absorption of some minerals.

Which group of individuals is advised to consume 400 micrograms of folic acid daily from supplements and/or fortified foods? infants the elderly women capable of becoming pregnant athletes

women capable of becoming pregnant

Reading food labels helps consumers ________. choose foods with dietary fiber identify amounts of salt or sodium in the product determine amount and kind of fat in the product determine the sugar content of the product All of these responses are correct.

All of these responses are correct.

Which of the following statements is true? Heartburn often results when the cardiac sphincter fails to close properly. Cystic fibrosis is an infectious disease that causes the muscles that control swallowing to malfunction. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) begins the partial digestion of fats in the small intestine. A thin layer of chyme protects the lining of the digestive tract from being broken down by enzymes.

Heartburn often results when the cardiac sphincter fails to close properly

Which of the following statements about kwashiorkor is true? Kwashiorkor results from consuming adequate energy, but insufficient high-quality protein. Kwashiorkor often develops in toddlers when their mother gives birth to another child. Kwashiorkor is most common in developing countries. All of the choices are correct.

All of the choices are correct.

Function(s) of thiamine include Involved in carbohydrate metabolism . Help make neurotransimtters. All the above are correct. Involved in branched-chain amino acid metabolism .

All the above are correct.

Which of the following is not a function of cholecystokinin? Control the secretion of mucus by the mucus cells Stimulate the contraction of the gallbladder to release the bile Control the flow of chyme from the stomach to the small intestine Trigger the release of enzyme-rich pancreatic juice into the small intestine

Control the secretion of mucus by the mucus cells cholecystokinin - primarily released from the small intestine, fat and breakdown of proteins and peptides in small intestine, stimulates release of bile from gallbladder, pancreatic enzymes, decreases stomach secretions, slows stomach motility

Which of the following statements is true? Headaches are a common sign of a mineral deficiency disease. Nutrient-deficiency diseases develop when diets lack essential nutrients. Skin rashes are always a symptom of vitamin deficiency diseases. Most phytochemicals are classified as essential nutrients.

Nutrient-deficiency diseases develop when diets lack essential nutrients.

Which of the following substances is a complex carbohydrate? Carbon dioxide Glucose Starch High-fructose corn syrup

Starch

Which of the following statements is true? The adult AMDR for carbohydrates is 45 to 65% of total energy intake. A group of scientists at the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics developed the DRIs. Recommended Dietary Allowances meet the nutrient needs of 50% of healthy people. Nutrient requirements are the same, regardless of a person's age or sex.

The adult AMDR for carbohydrates is 45 to 65% of total energy intake. Fat 20-35 Protein 10-35

Which of the following substances is a nutrient that does NOT supply any energy for the human body? Fat Vitamin D Protein Carbohydrate

Vitamin D

Antonio has severe chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). To reduce his likelihood of developing heartburn, his physician recommended that he take a multivitamin/multimineral pill before meals. increase his intake of solid fats. decrease his intake of fruits and vegetables. avoid overeating during meals.

avoid overeating during meals.

When Thompson was 5 years of age, he began to complain that his stomach hurt, especially after eating meals and snacks. He also experienced chronic diarrhea. His parents noticed that he could eat poultry, meat, dairy foods, fruits, and vegetables without developing any intestinal problems, but he would get a "tummy ache" soon after eating sandwiches, cookies, crackers, or pancakes. Based on this information, Thompson's parents should have him evaluated for ________. celiac disease colon cancer irritable bowel syndrome cystic fibrosis

celiac disease

Scientists conduct a study in which 100 adults with chronic diarrhea are divided into 2 groups with 50 people per group. One group is given a supply of yogurt that contains a certain kind of bacteria, and the other group is given yogurt that is bacteria-free. The study's participants and researchers do not know which group of subjects has the bacteria in the yogurt and which group does not. The scientists instruct the participants to eat the entire 8 ounces of yogurt once a day for a month and record their bowel habits. This is an example of a(n) ________ study. introspective uncontrolled hypothetical double-blind

double-blind

Jillian drinks a couple of beers and smokes over a pack of cigarettes daily. Even though she's about 40 pounds overweight, she likes to wear tight-fitting clothes. Based on this information, Jillian has a high risk of developing cystic fibrosis. irritable bowel syndrome. gastroesophageal reflux disease. rheumatoid arthritis.

gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Compared to most unsaturated fatty acids, a trans fatty acid ________. is comprised of glucose molecules has a kink in its molecular structure that keeps it from being straight contains no double bonds has at least one double bond with hydrogen atoms on opposite sides of the hydrocarbon chain at the position of the double bond

has at least one double bond with hydrogen atoms on opposite sides of the hydrocarbon chain at the position of the double bond

Researchers are conducting a study to determine the effects of vitamin C on the human immune system. The study involves providing pills that contain vitamin C to one group of human subjects, and pills that do not contain vitamin C or other active ingredients to another group of people. The pills that do not contain the vitamin are antidotes. supplements. probiotics. placebos.

placebos.

The ________ is the most commonly used tool to measure protein quality. Protein quality is determined based on both the amino acid composition score and the digestibility of the protein in the food source. biological value (BV) protein digestibility corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS) protein efficiency ratio (PER) recommended dietary allowance (RDA)

protein digestibility corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS)

Albert is a healthy, 23-year-old college student. He would like to know more about his risk of cardiovascular disease, so he can take preventive measures, if they are necessary. Albert should ________. undergo cardiac catheterization to determine the ejection factor of his heart test his urine for the presence of glucocorticoids have a lipoprotein profile performed on a sample of his blood have a chest x-ray

have a lipoprotein profile performed on a sample of his blood

Per serving, which of the following foods is the most energy-dense? 8 ounces fat-free milk ½ cup fresh strawberries 3 ounces baked chicken 4-ounce chocolate doughnut

4-ounce chocolate doughnut

Which of the following is NOT a common marketing tactic to encourage consumers to purchase manufactured foods? Nutrition information posted next to fresh fruits and vegetables Product placement at the end of supermarket aisles In-store product sampling demonstrations Attractive packaging

Nutrition information posted next to fresh fruits and vegetables

When muscle cells have more glucose than they need for energy, they may store some of the excess as ketone bodies. fiber. glycogen. certain B vitamins.

glycogen.

A fasting blood HDL cholesterol level of ________ is considered desirable for healthy women. greater than 50 mg/dL less than 50 mg/dL greater than 40 mg/dL less than 40 mg/dL

greater than 50 mg/dL

What is the RDA for vitamin D? 15 μg/day 15 g/day 25 μg/day 25 g/day

15 μg/day

________ is necessary to assist in the passing of fatty acids through the outer and inner mitochondrial membrane during the process of beta-oxidation. Palmitate Coenzyme A NAD Carnitine

Carnitine

Which of the following kinds of studies would be the best to use when investigating whether cigarette smoking influences weight gain? Double-blind Cohort Conventional Single-blind

Cohort

When vitamins and/or minerals are added to a food product in amounts in excess of at least 10% above that originally present in the product, the food is designated as ________. light or lite organic imitation fortified

fortified

Which of the following statements is FALSE? A megadose is an amount of a vitamin or mineral that greatly exceeds the recommended amount of the nutrient. Dietary supplements include fish oil, glucosamine, echinacea, and flaxseed oil. In order for a dietary supplement to be on the market, all research studies on the supplement must show a beneficial effect on health. The Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 allows manufacturers to classify dietary supplements as foods.

In order for a dietary supplement to be on the market, all research studies on the supplement must show a beneficial effect on health.

If your diet supplies more sugar and starch than you need, the excess can be converted to proteins that are metabolized for energy. metabolized to form urea and excreted by the kidneys. converted into fat and stored. eliminated in feces.

converted into fat and stored.

On average, a healthy adult can metabolize the equivalent of how many drink(s) per hour? four three two one

one

The ________ is important for transporting absorbed nutrients from the GI tract to the liver. hepatic artery lacteal pinocytosis hepatic portal vein

hepatic portal vein

Sean has carpal tunnel syndrome. A few months ago, he began taking megadoses of vitamin B-6, when he read that the vitamin can cure the disorder. Today, Sean reported to his friends that his hands were feeling numb and his walking is unsteady. Based on this information, Sean should ________. stop taking vitamin B-6, because he is showing signs and symptoms of vitamin B-6 toxicity discontinue taking vitamin B-6, because his body does not require the micronutrient increase his vitamin B-6 intake, because the numbness and unsteadiness are signs that the treatment is working continue taking the megadoses of vitamin B-6, because his body needs more time to heal

stop taking vitamin B-6, because he is showing signs and symptoms of vitamin B-6 toxicity

A medical researcher reads an article in Today's Health-Conscious Woman magazine about the benefits of using the phytochemical capsaicin to treat knee pain. She asks 10 people with arthritic knees to rub a cream that contains the phytochemical on their knee joints for 2 weeks. At the end of the 2 weeks, the researcher asks the subjects whether their knee pain improved, stayed about the same, or worsened during the treatment period. After collecting responses from the people, the researcher reports the results of her study during a popular TV show that is hosted by a doctor. Based on this information, which of the following statements is true? The researcher used a standard scientific design for research involving human subjects. The researcher reviewed scientific literature regarding the use of capsaicin to treat knee pain. The researcher subjected the results of her study to peer review. The researcher did not divide the subjects of her study into control and treatment groups.

The researcher did not divide the subjects of her study into control and treatment groups.

Derek takes protein supplements before and after his workouts. He told his workout partner that he became 200% stronger within a couple of months after he added the supplements to his diet. His report about the effects of the supplements is an example of a(n) ________. variable case report anecdote factoid

anecdote

Which of the following statements is TRUE? Peanut butter is an empty-calorie food. Most foods are mixtures of nutrients. A healthy diet supplies 90% of its calories from protein-rich foods. A megadose of vitamin C is within the range of safe intake for the nutrient.

Most foods are mixtures of nutrients.

The professional football star Andro "The Man" McGraw claims the dietary supplement AminoProFix helped him build muscle mass quickly and safely. His endorsement of the product is an example of ________. unbiased reporting peer review a scientifically valid claim a testimonial

a testimonial

Following the release of lactate into the bloodstream, liver cells remove the lactate from the bloodstream and recycle it into ________ through the Cori Cycle. acetyl CoA NADH pyruvate glucose

glucose

Food guides usually classify sunflower and other seeds in the ________ group. dairy fruits grains protein

protein

Which of the following statements is true? Headaches are a common sign of a mineral deficiency disease. Skin rashes are always a symptom of vitamin deficiency diseases. Nutrient-deficiency diseases develop when diets lack essential nutrients. Most phytochemicals are classified as essential nutrients.

Nutrient-deficiency diseases develop when diets lack essential nutrients.

The host of a radio program makes a "red flag" claim about a nutrition-related product, because the claim is generally an indication that the information about the product is unreliable. The radio program host said, "The ingredients in this product are listed on the label." "According to the FDA, this product is classified a dietary supplement, because it contains vitamins." "All ingredients in this product have been scientifically tested and clinically proven to cure cancer." "This product contains sugar and certain artificial color and flavor additives."

"All ingredients in this product have been scientifically tested and clinically proven to cure cancer."

Which of the following standards can help you compare nutritional contents of packaged foods to make more healthful choices? RDAs %DVs ULs AIs

%DVs

Which of the following is a common sign or symptom of a food allergy? Vomiting and/or diarrhea Swollen lips Hives All of the choices are correct.

All of the choices are correct.

Which of the following statements is true? Daily Values are dietary standards developed for food labeling purposes. The Nutrition Facts panel displays the amount of phytochemicals in a serving of the food. If you do not consume 100% of the Daily Values for nutrients, you have a high risk of developing nutritional-deficiency disorders. Nutrition Facts labels provide information about amounts of ingredients in product recipes.

Daily Values are dietary standards developed for food labeling purposes.

________ acid is an essential fatty acid. Palmitic Linoleic Stearic Lauric

Linoleic

A food label that advertises the product as a "rich source of fiber" is an example of a(n) Health claim Nutrient claim Obesity prevention claim Structure/function claim

Nutrient claim

Which of the following statements is false? The Internet is generally a reliable source of nutrition information, because information posted at websites has been peer-reviewed. Websites with .edu in their addresses often provide reliable nutrition information. When evaluating claims for dietary supplements that appear at a website, be wary of products that include promises for quick remedies. In general, personal websites, such as blogs, are not reliable sources of nutrition information.

The Internet is generally a reliable source of nutrition information, because information posted at websites has been peer-reviewed.

The ________ is the second segment of the small intestine. duodenum jejunum colon ileum

jejunum Order is 1: duodenum 2: jejunum 3. ileum

Duncan's diet contains high amounts of protein and fat, but it is very low in carbohydrates. As a result of following this diet, Duncan's body forms more ________ than normal. vitamin C muscle fibers ketone bodies glycogen stores

ketone bodies

"The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1000 grams of water one degree Celsius" is the definition of ________. kilojoule energy kilocalorie physiological fuel value

kilocalorie

The ________ helps form feces by absorbing excess water and some minerals from chyme. large intestine pyloric valve lower stomach esophageal sphincter

large intestine

The synthesis of fatty acids is known as ________. lipolysis glycogenesis lipogenesis beta-oxidation

lipogenesis

Kesha is lactose intolerant and avoids all dairy foods. She also doesn't like the taste of rice, soy, or almond milk so consumes very little calcium in her diet. As a result of her low calcium intake, ________ will be secreted in response to low blood calcium levels. parathyroid hormone insulin calcitriol calcitonin

parathyroid hormone

The ________ cells of the gastric glands synthesize and release intrinsic factor, which is necessary for vitamin B12 absorption. parietal chief mucous pyloric

parietal