Nutrition Passpoint Questions

In evaluating a client's response to nutrition therapy which laboratory test would be of highest priority to examine? serum potassium level lymphocyte count albumin level CBC differential

albumin

A nurse consulting with a nutrition specialist knows it's important to consider a special diet for a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Which diet is appropriate for this client? full-liquid high-protein 1,800-calorie ADA low-fat

high-protein

The client with type 1 diabetes mellitus says, "If I could just avoid what you call carbohydrates in my diet, I guess I would be okay." What is the best response by the nurse? "It is correct that you do not need to count carbohydrates from fruits and vegetables." "Eliminating carbohydrates from your diet is a good first step toward getting off of insulin." "All we ask you to do is have your blood sugar in range." "A person with diabetes should monitor their eating of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates."

"A person with diabetes should monitor their eating of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates."

A child is prescribed amoxicillin for otitis media. What should the nurse recommend the mother do when the child develops diarrhea? Begin clear fluids. Withhold food and fluids for 2 hours. Offer yogurt several times a day. Restrict the intake of pizza.

Diarrhea is a common adverse effect of amoxicillin because the drug kills normal intestinal bacteria. Yogurt with live cultures helps restore the normal intestinal flora. Restricting the child to clear fluids will not help stop the diarrhea or recolonize the intestine. Withholding food and fluids for 2 hours is suggested when a child vomits. Pizza tends to be spicy and aggravates the diarrhea, but restricting its intake will not help the underlying problem.

A client with bipolar disorder, manic phase, shows little interest in eating. What should the nurse do to help the client meet recommended daily allowances of nutrients? Give the client half of a meat and cheese sandwich to carry with him. Inform the client that snacks are available only if he eats properly at mealtime. Tell the client to sit alone at mealtime so that he will not be distracted by others. Teach the client about proper nutrition.

Give the client half of a meat and cheese sandwich to carry with him.

A nurse has been teaching a client about a high-protein diet. The teaching is successful if the client identifies which meal as high in protein? baked beans, hamburger, and milk spaghetti with cream sauce, broccoli, and tea bouillon, spinach, and soda chicken cutlet, spinach, and soda

baked beans, hamburger, and milk

A client is admitted with multiple pressure ulcers. When developing the client's diet plan, the nurse should include fresh orange slices. ground beef patties. steamed broccoli. ice cream.

ground beef patties

Which nutritional deficiency may delay wound healing?

lack of vitamin C

The client with Cushing's disease needs to modify dietary intake to control symptoms. In addition to increasing protein, which strategy would be most appropriate? Increase calories. Restrict sodium. Restrict potassium. Reduce fat to 10%.

restrict sodium

The nurse determines that the parent understands the diet restrictions for a child with chronic renal failure who is receiving peritoneal dialysis when the parent reports providing a diet involving which components? sodium and water restrictions high protein and carbohydrates high potassium and iron protein and phosphorus restrictions

protein and phosphorus restrictions

A client with pancreatitis has been receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for the past week. Which nursing intervention best determines the TPN is providing adequate nutrition? monitoring blood glucose levels every 6 hours evaluating serum electrolyte levels daily monitoring the client's weight every day recording fluid intake and output

By weighing the client every day, the nurse helps the team evaluate the client's response to TPN. Maintenance of the current weight is one indicator of adequate nutrition; weight loss may indicate inadequate nutrition, whereas weight gain may indicate adequate nutrition or fluid retention. Complications of TPN include blood glucose elevation and serum electrolye imbalances and should be monitored closely, but they are not the best indicator of nutritional status. The nurse records intake and output to evaluate fluid replacement, not the nutritional adequacy of TPN.

x While caring for a multigravid client in early labor in a birthing center, which food would be best if the client requests a snack? yogurt cereal with milk vegetable soup peanut butter cookies

In some birth settings, intravenous therapy is not used with low-risk clients. Thus, clients in early labor are encouraged to eat healthy snacks and drink fluids to avoid dehydration. Yogurt, which is an excellent source of calcium and riboflavin, is soft and easily digested. During pregnancy, gastric emptying time is delayed. In most hospital settings, clients are allowed only ice chips or clear liquids.Cereal with milk and vegetable soup, although nutritious, could cause aspiration if nausea and vomiting occur because these foods take longer to digest than yogurt.Peanut butter cookies are not as nutritious as yogurt for the client in labor because yogurt is rich in calcium. Although cookies are a source of carbohydrate, they could cause aspiration.

15s Report this Question The nurse prepares to administer medications via a gastrostomy tube (G-tube) and notes the measurement of the incremental marking is 0.5 cm difference from what is recorded on the medical record. What action should the nurse take?

The nurse first uses measurement of the incremental marking on the G-tube at the exit site and compares the measurement documented in the client's medical record. If a discrepancy is noted the nurse should test the pH of the aspirated content. A pH of 5.5 or less from tube aspirate adequately confirms stomach placement. There is no contraindication to aspirating the contents so the nurse does not need to contact the healthcare provider yet. The apparent presence of tube feed is a subjective assessment and should not be used to verify placement.

During a prenatal visit, a pregnant client with cardiac disease and slight functional limitations reports increased fatigue. The nurse knows that the client understands the management of the disorder when the client says "I will eat five or six small, nutritious meals each day but with mostly carbohydrates for more energy." "I will eat three meals each day but will avoid all simple carbohydrates in my diet." "I will eat five or six small meals each day and have some protein with each meal." "I will eat my evening meal an hour before bedtime so that digestion can occur while I am resting."

Digestion of a large meal shunts blood to the gastrointestinal tract, increasing fatigue levels. Clients with this disorder should ingest small, frequent, and nutritious meals five or six times per day. It is not necessary to completely avoid simple carbohydrates. Eating immediately before bedtime can disturb sleep patterns. A pregnant woman with cardiac issues benefits from sound sleep.06

A client with cancer of the stomach had a total gastrectomy 2 days earlier. Which indicates the client is ready to try a liquid diet? The client is hungry. The client has not requested pain medication for 8 hours. The client has frequent bowel sounds. The client has had a bowel movement.

The client can begin eating with a liquid diet when bowel sounds return, usually in 2 to 3 days. The client may be hungry but cannot have oral fluids or foods until intestinal motility has been established. The client may continue to have postoperative pain for several days; because receiving a liquid diet does not depend on the client being pain free, the nurse can continue to offer pain medication. The client does not have to experience a bowel movement to receive fluids and food.

During a prenatal visit, a pregnant client with cardiac disease and slight functional limitations reports increased fatigue. The nurse knows that the client understands the management of the disorder when the client says "I will eat five or six small, nutritious meals each day but with mostly carbohydrates for more energy." "I will eat three meals each day but will avoid all simple carbohydrates in my diet." "I will eat five or six small meals each day and have some protein with each meal." "I will eat my evening meal an hour before bedtime so that digestion can occur while I am resting."

"I will eat five or six small meals each day and have some protein with each meal."

A student with type 1 diabetes tells the nurse she is feeling light-headed. The student's blood sugar is 60 mg/dL (3.3 mmol/L). Using the 15-15 rule, what should the nurse do to treat the blood glucose? Administer 15 mL of juice and give another 15 mL in 15 minutes. Administer 15 g of carbohydrate and retest the blood sugar in 15 minutes. Administer 15 g of carbohydrate and 15 g of protein. Administer 15 oz of juice and retest in 15 minutes

Administer 15 g of carbohydrate and retest the blood sugar in 15 minutes.

The nurse is counseling a client with osteoporosis about dietary choices to slow bone loss. What foods should the nurse teach the client to avoid? Soy beans and soy products such as tofu Canned fish such as salmon or tuna Foods and beverages high in caffeine Foods high in purines such as organ meats

Caffeine may decrease calcium absorption and contribute to bone loss so should be avoided in high amounts. To help prevent osteoporosis, the nurse should encourage the client to consume at least the recommended daily allowance (RDA) of calcium. Before menopause, the RDA is 1,000 mg; after menopause, it is 1,500 mg. Foods high in calcium included canned fish (especially with bones) and dairy products. Uric acid levels are controlled with decreased purine intake, and this is related to risk for gout and does not relate to osteoporosis. Soy products have not been proven to reduce bone loss but may confer some benefits and do not need to be avoided.

The nurse is assisting a client diagnosed with dementia during meal time. Which nursing would best prevent complications? Provide a plate with a variety of foods to give a more complete choice of foods. Serve one course at a time with the appropriate utensil. Keep mealtimes short to prevent loss of attention. Encourage the client to open containers to allow for independence.

Serve one course at a time with the appropriate utensil.

The client who is receiving chemotherapy is not eating well but otherwise feels healthy. What should the nurse suggest the client eat? cereal with milk and strawberries toast, gelatin dessert, and cookies broiled chicken, green beans, and cottage cheese steak and french fries

broiled chicken, green beans, and cottage cheese

A nurse should encourage a client with a wound to consume foods high in vitamin C because this vitamin restores the inflammatory response. enhances oxygen transport to tissues. reduces edema. enhances protein synthesis.

enhance protein synthesis

A 10-month-old child with phenylketonuria (PKU) is being weaned from breast-feeding. When teaching the parents about the proper diet for their child, the nurse should stress the importance of restricting meats and dairy products because: they are difficult for clients with PKU to digest. they contain high levels of phenylalanine. they are not well tolerated in children with PKU until after age 2. they contain high levels of phenylketones, which inhibit muscle growth.

they contain high levels of phenylalanine.

A client on prolonged bed rest has developed a pressure ulcer. The wound shows no signs of healing even though the client has received skin care and has been turned every 2 hours. What is the best action by the nurse? Contact the healthcare provider for a vitamin D supplement. Evaluate client protein levels. Massage the affected area to increase blood flow. Encourage the client to increase caloric intake.

Clients on bed rest suffer from lack of movement and a negative nitrogen balance. Therefore, inadequate protein intake impairs wound healing. The nurse would evaluate the client's protein status by reviewing laboratory data. If protein stores are low, a dietician consult would be warranted. Increasing viatimin D and overall caloric intake will have little effect on a client's wound healing. A pressure ulcer should never be massaged.

Which statement indicates that a client with the medical diagnosis of hypoparathyroidism understands diet instructions? "I will eat green beans, fish, and white bread for a meal." "I can have yogurt with fruit as a snack." "For breakfast, I can have scrambled eggs." "A spinach salad with cucumbers and tomatoes is a good meal."

"I will eat green beans, fish, and white bread for a meal."

A client who has ulcerative colitis has persistent diarrhea and has lost 12 lb (5.5 kg) since the exacerbation of the ulcerative colitis. Which approach will be most effective in helping the client meet nutritional needs? continuous enteral feedings following a high-calorie, high-protein diet total parenteral nutrition (TPN) eating six small meals a day

total parenteral nutrition (TPN)

The nurse is providing dietary instructions for a client who is taking warfarin. Which menu choice would be most appropriate for this client? spaghetti and meatballs, soft roll, spinach salad, and blueberries turkey with stuffing, broccoli, and asparagus tuna fish sandwich, French fries, and a baked apple lean roast beef, mashed potatoes, Brussels sprouts and grapes

tuna fish sandwich, French fries, and a baked apple Explanation: Vitamin K activates clotting factors and may interfere with the action of warfarin. Vitamin K is found in green leafy vegetables, broccoli, brussels sprouts, asparagus, blueberries, kiwis, grapes, blackberries, and plums and therefore these foods should be consumed in moderation.