Nutrition Practice Exam

70. A nurse is teaching a client about nutritional requirements necessary to promote wound healing. Which of the following nutrients should the nurse include in the teaching? a. protein b. vitamin D c. calclium d. vitamin B1

a. protein

32. The parent of a child with celiac disease asks, "How long must he stay on this diet?" Which response by the nurse is best? a. "for the rest of his life" b. "until the jejunal biopsy is normal" c. "for the next 6 months" d. "until his stools appear normal"

a. "for the rest of his life"

65. A nurse is teaching a client who has diabetes about which dietary source should provide the greatest percentage of calories. Which of the following statements indicates the client understands the teaching? a. "i should eat more calories from complex carbohydrates than anything else" b. "protein should be my main source of calories" c. "most of my calories each day should be from fats" d. Simple sugars are needed more than other calorie sources"

a. "i should eat more calories from complex carbohydrates than anything else"

34. A nurse is instructing a group of clients regarding nutrition. The teaching should state that which of the following groups of foods contains the highest level of carbohydrates? a. rice, potatoes, and oranges b. chicken, green beans, and apples c. milk, eggs, and cheese d. butter, oils, and avocados

a. rice, potatoes, and oranges

63. A nurse is caring for a client who is well-hydrated and who demonstrates no evidence of anemia. Which of the following laboratory values gives the nurse an assessment of the adequacy of the client's protein uptake and synthesis? a. albumin b. sodium c. calcium d. potassium

a. albumin

55. A nurse is teaching a client about following a low-cholesterol diet after coronary artery bypass grafting. Which of the following client food choices reflects the client's understanding of these dietary instructions? a. beans b. eggs c. milk

a. beans

5. A nurse is teaching a female client about preventing osteoporosis. Which teaching point is correct? a. the recommended daily allowance of calcium may be found in a wide variety of foods b. obtaining the recommended daily allowance of calcium requires taking a calcium supplement c. obtaining an xray of the bones every 3 years is recommended to detect bone loss d. to prevent fractures, the client should avoid strenuous exercise

a. the recommended daily allowance of calcium may be found in a wide variety of foods

15. A nurse is teaching a client who needs to increase their daily fluid intake. Which of the following foods has the highest percentage of water by weight? a. milk b. yogurt c. lettuce d. honey

a.milk

49. A teenage girl has been diagnosed with a UTI. The nurse recognizes the need for teaching when the client makes which statement? a. "i can drink cranberry juice" b. "i can drink plenty of coffee" c. "i will drink plenty of water" d. "i will not take bubble baths"

b. "i can drink plenty of coffee"

47. Which serum electrolytes findings should the nurse expect to find in an infant with persistent vomiting? a. K+ 5.5, Cl- 110, Na+ 130 b. K+ 3.2, Cl- 92, Na+ 120 c. K+ 3.5, Cl- 90, Na+ 145 d. K+ 3.4, Cl- 120, Na+ 140

b. K+ 3.2, Cl- 92, Na+ 120

60. A nurse is caring for a client who has Crohn's disease and is receiving parenteral nutrition. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the care of this client? a. remove the parenteral nutrition solution from the refrigerator 2 hours before infusion b. monitor daily laboratory values and report as needed c. monitor the flow rate of the parenteral nutrition carefully and increase the rate as needed if it falls behind d. remove unused parenteral nutrition after 12 hours of use

b. monitor daily laboratory values and report as needed

41. A nurse is providing nutritional teaching to a client who has dumping syndrome following a hemi-colectomy. Which of the following foods should the nurse instruct the client to avoid? a. white bread b. rice c. fresh apples d. poached eggs

c. fresh apples

48. TPN is prescribed for a client with Crohn's disease. What indicates to the nurse that the TPN has been effective? The client: a. is not in metabolic acidosis b. is in a negative nitrogen balance c. has met nutritional needs d. is hydrated

c. has met nutritional needs

25. A client has a total serum cholesterol level of 326 mg/dL (8.44 mmol/L). The nurse explains to the client that this level: a. is normal and requires no further treatment b. is boderline normal and may require dietary modification c. is high and will require dieray modification d. is low and requires no further treatment

c. is high and will require dietay modifications

1. Which statement indicates the client understands the lifestyle modifications required when managing ulcerative colitis? a. "i can eat popcorn for an evening snack b. "i'm allowed to have alcohol as long as i only drink wine" c. "i may have coffee with my meals" d. "i'll have to stop smoking"

d. "i''ll have to stop smoking"

66. A nurse is providing dietary instructions to a client with diabetes. What is most important for the nurse to include in teaching for prevention of hypoglycemia? a. reduce carbohydrate intake when drinking alcohol b. increase protein intake in the morning c. drink orange juice if lightheadedness occurs d. avoid delaying or skipping meals

d. avoid delaying or skipping meals

40. A nurse is teaching a client about preparing low fat meals. The nurse should include that which of the following oils contains saturated fat? a. corn b. olive c. canola d. coconut

d. coconut

62. A nurse providing teaching about the Mediterranean diet to a client newly who has a new diagnosis of hypertension. Which of following statements by the client indicate a need for further teaching? a. "i will limit my intake of red meat to twice weekly" b. "i can drink wine in moderation" c. "i can have dairy in moderate portions daily" d. "i can have two times a week"

a. "i will limit my intake of red meat to twice weekly"

4. A client is asking about dietary modifications to counteract the long-term effects of prednisone. What is the most appropriate information for the nurse to give the client? a. "increase your intake of calcium and vitamin D" b. "increase your intake of polyunsaturated fats" c. "increase your intake of complex carbohydrates" d. "increase your intake of dietary sodium"

a. "increase your intake of calcium and vitamin D"

53. Which activity would be appropriate for the nurse to delegate to an unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) for a client diagnosed with a myocardial infarction who is stable? a. provide teaching on a 2-g sodium diet b. record the intake and output c. evaluate lung sounds d. help the client identify risk factors for CAD

b. record intake and output - the nurse is responsible for teaching , assessments, and evaluations

7. The nurse is providing diet education for a patient on a low fat diet. Which of the following is most accurate? a. linoleic acid is saturated fat b. saturated fats are found mostly in animal sources c. unsaturated fats are found mostly in animal sources d. saturated fats are found mostly in vegetable sources

b. saturated fats are mostly found in animal sources

21. A nurse is providing care for a client who is 2 days postop following abdominal surgery and is about to progress from a clear liquid diet to full liquids. Which of the following items should the nurse tell the client he may now request to have on his meal tray? a. chicken broth b. skim milk c. flavored gelatin d. cranberry juice

b. skim milk

8. A nurse is instructing a group of clients about nutrtion. The nurse should include that which of the following foods is a good source of high- quality protein? a. grains b. legumes c. soybeans d. green vegetables

c. soybeans

26. A nurse is instructing a group of adult clients about nutrition. The nurse should include which of the following as the recommended amount of vegetables servings per day? a. 2 cups b. 1/2 cup c. 1 cup d. 2 1/2 cups

d. 2 1/2 cups

44. A nurse is teaching a client about type 2 diabetes mellitus. What information would reduce a clients risk of developing this disease? a. "maintain weight within normal limits for your body size and muscle mass" b. "you should stop cigarette smoking" c. "follow a high protien diet including meat, diary, and eggs" d. "prevent developing hypertension by reducing stress and limiting salt intake"

a. "maintain weight within normal limits for your body size and muscle mass"

73. When measuring gastric residual volume in a client receiving continuous tube feeding through a gastrostomy tube, the nurse attaches a large syringe to the tube and withdraws all fluid remaining in the stomach. After noting the amount of fluid, what should the nurse do? a. discard the aspirated fluid into a biohazard container b. discard the aspirated fluid down the toilet c. add the aspirated fluid to the bag of formula d. readminister the aspirated fluid through the feeding tube

d. readminister the aspirated fluid through the feeding tube

72. A nurse is teaching a client who has cholecystitis about required dietary modifications. The nurse should include which of the following foods as appropriate for the client's diet? a. mac and cheese b. creamed chicken c. ice cream d. roast turkey

d. roast turkey

61. The client who is in Buck's traction is constipated. A plan of care that incorporates which breakfast would be most helpful in reestablishing a normal bowel routine? a. eggs and bacon, buttered white toast, orange juice, and coffee b. orange juice, breakfast pastries (doughnut and danish), and coffee c. an orange, raisin bran and milk, and wheat toast d. corn flakes with sliced banana, milk, and english muffin

c. an orange, raisin bran and milk, and wheat toast

10. A nurse is instructing a group of clients regarding nutrition. Which of the following is a good source of omega-3 fatty acids that the nurse should include in the teaching? a. dietary supplements b. fish c. corn oil d. leafy green vegetables

b. fish

42. A nurse is caring for an antepartum client who has iron deficiency anemia. When teaching the client about nutrition, the nurse should emphasize the need for an increased intake of which of the following foods? a. whole grain breads b. red meat and organ meat c. fresh fruits

b. red meat and organ meat

11. The healthcare provider has prescribed a diet that limits purine-rich foods. Which foods should this client avoid? (select all that apply) a. bananas, wine, and cheese b. milk, ice cream, vegetables, and yogurt c. anchovies, sardines, and kidneys d. chicken, fish, and dried fruits

c. anchovies, sardines, and kidneys

39. A nurse is teaching a client about using herbal supplements as part of the clients healthcare regimen. What client statement indicates the nurse's teaching was effective? a. "i need to make sure that the supplement does not interact with other meds i am taking" b. "i can use the internet to check out what would work the best for me" c. "the supplements are not medications, so there is very little risk of side effects" d. "if the label says that it is all natural, then it should be okay for me to use"

a. "i need to make sure that the supplement does not interact with other meds i am taking"

51. A physician orders a bland, full liquid diet for a client. Which response would indicate to the nurse that the client has understood the nurse's dietary teaching? a. "today i can have apple juice, chicken broth, and vanilla ice cream" b. "today i can have oatmeal, custard, and tea" c. "i will have orange juice, pudding, and coffee" d. "for breakfast i will choose pineapple juice, bran muffin, and milk"

a. "today i can have apple juice, chicken broth, and vanilla ice cream"

29. A school nurse is assessing an obese 10- year old child who wants to lose weight. What question will be most important for the nurse to ask to develop a realistic plan of care? a. "what kinds of foods do your parents serve meal times and for snacks" b. "do your parents have any medical conditions c. "how long have you been worried about your weight" d. "do you have friends who can supportyou while you try to lose weight"

a. "what kinds of foods do your parents serve meal times and for snacks"

19. A nurse is caring for a client who is recieving total parenteral nutrition (TPN). The pharmacy is delayed in supplying the client's next container of TPN. Which of the following fluids should the nurse infuse until the next container arrives? a. dextrose 5% in water b. dextrose 10% in water c. lactated Ringer's solution d. 0.9% sodium chloride

a. dextrose 5% in water

64. The patient has a stage 4 pressure ulcer on the sacral area. What type of foods would the patient benefit from? a. dried beans, eggs, and meats b. liver, spinach, and corn c. oats, fruits, and vegetables d. peanuts, tomatoes, and cabbage

a. dried beans, eggs, and meats

23. A cleint who has been diagnosed with GERD reports heartburn. To decrease the heartburn, the nurse should instruct the client to eliminate which item from the diet? a. hot chocolate b. air popped popcorn c. raw vegetables d. lean beef

a. hot chocolate

17. A client has been receiving total parental nutrition (TPN) for the last 5 days. Before discontinuing the infusion, the infusion rate is slowed. What complication of TPN infusion should the nurse assess the client for as the infusion is discontinued? a. rebound hypoglycemia b. essential fatty acid deficiency c. dehydration d. malnutrition

a. rebound hypoglycemia

30. The nurse is instructing a client with hypertension on the importance of choosing foods low in sodium. The nurse should teach the client to limit intake of which of which food? a. smoked sausage b. bananas c. apples d. steamed vegetables

a. smoked sausage

58. A client with hyperemesis gravidarum is on a clear liquid diet. The nurse should serve this client: a. tea and gelatin dessert b. milk and ice pops c. apple juice and oatmeal d. decaffeinated coffee and scrambled eggs

a. tea and gelatin dessert

13. A client is admitted with a diagnosis of dehydration. Which rationale is the primary reason the nurse should look into the clients mouth? a. to assess mucous membranes b. to assess for poorly fitting dentures c. a complete physical exam must be performed d. to assess for oral lesions

a. to assess mucous membranes

33. The expected outcome of witholding food and fluids from a client who will recieve general anesthesia to help prevent: a. vomiting and possible aspiration of vomitus during surgery b. gas pains and distension during the immediate post op period c. constipation during the immediate post op period d. pressure on the diaphragm with poor lung expansion during surgery

a. vomiting and possible aspiration of vomitus during surgery

46. A nurse is reviewing the lab results for a client who has a history of atherosclerosis and notes elevated cholesterol levels. Which of the following statements by the client indicated the nurse should plan followup teaching on a low cholesterol diet? a. "I cook food with canola oil" b. "i eat two eggs for breakfast this morning" c. "i flavor my meat with lemon juice" d. "i take an omega 3 supplement daily"

b. "i eat two eggs for breakfast this morning"

18. A nurse is teaching a client with constipation about management of the problem. Which statement by the client indicates understanding? a. "i'll limit water intake to 3 glasses per day b. "i'll consume foods high in fiber" c. "i'll avoid heavy lifting" d. "i'll consume a low residue diet"

b. "i'll consume foods high in fiber"

38. Obesity can have a harmful effect on the body in a variety of ways. What is the nurses priority in educating clients to prevent obesity? a. eat a low carbohydrate diet b. achieve moderate weight loss through increased activity and a low calorie, low fat diet c. consume a consistent of carbohydrates every meal d. eat a low sugar diet

b. achieve moderate weight loss through increased activity and a low calorie, low fat diet

68. A client with stress incontinence asks the nurse what kind of diet to follow at home. The nurse should recommend that the client: a. avoid milk products b. avoid alcohol and caffeine c. increase intake of fruit juice d. decrease fluid intake

b. avoid alcohol and caffeine

9. A client undergoes a barium swallow fluoroscopy that confirms gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Based on this dianosis, the client should be instructed to take which action? a. limit alcohol to 3 alcoholic beverages per day b. avoid caffiene and carbonated beverages c. eat a snack before going to bed d. sleep with the head of the bed flat

b. avoid caffiene and carbonated beverages

2. A post op client has been placed on a clear liquid diet. The nurse should provide the client with which item? a. oatmeal b. chicken broth c. ice cream d. pureed vegetables

b. chicken broth

3. The nurse is assessing the nutrtional status of older clients on a unit. Which client should the nurse identify as the greatest risk for poor nutritional intake? a. a client who recives food stamps b. clients whose dentures fit poorly c. those that live in an assisted living apartment d. the client diagnosed with diabetes five years ago

b. clients whose dentures fit poorly

31. The patient with type 1 Diabetes Mellitus says, "If i could just avoid what you call carbohydrates in my diet, i guess i would be okay". What is the best responseby the nurse? a. "all we ask to do is have your bloos sugar in range" b. "eliminating carbohydrates from your diet is a good first step toward getting off of insulin" c. "A person with diabetes should monitor their eating of proteins, fat and carbohydrates" d. "it is correct that you do not need to count carbohydrates from fruits and vegetables"

c. "A person with diabetes should monitor their eating of proteins, fat and carbohydrates"

67. A nurse is working in a community clinic is discussing lifestyle modifications with a client. The client has been advised to lose weight because of a BMI greater than 25. Which statement by the nurse would be most therapeutic in helping the client? a. "it will be important for you to stophaving between-meal snacks" b. "losing weight is a challenge that i can help you with" c. "i can offer you some information outlining a variety of ways to lose weight" d. " there are herbal preperations for weight loss that are very effective"

c. "i can offer you some information outlining a variety of ways to lose weight"

28. A client is admitted with fatigue, shortness of breath, pale skin, and dried cracked lips, tongue, and mouth. The hemoglobin 9 g/dol (90g/L), and red blood cell count 3.5 million cells/mm3 (3.5 x 1012/L). What should the nurse instruct the client to do? a. increase the amount of carbohydrate in the diet b. eat a serving of fish with high omega 3 content 2x a week c. eat foods with good sources of iron d. limit fluid intake to 1,000 mL per day

c. eat foods with good sources of iron

35. A nurse is instructing a group of clients about nutrition. The nurse should include that which of the following is a trigger for the formation of Vitamin D in the body? a. Vitamin A depletion b. weight bearing exercise c. exposure to sunlight d. calcium

c. exposure to sunlight

16. The nurse has been teaching the client about maintaining a high fiber diet. The client's selection of which breakfast menu indicates an understanding of the instructions? a. scrambled eggs, bacon, English muffin, and apple juice b. danish pastry, purine juice, coffee, and milk c. oatmeal milk, grapefruit wedges, and bran muffin d. corn flakes, milk, white toast, and orange juice

c. oatmeal milk, grapefruit wedges, and bran muffin

24. A nurse is educating a client who is at risk for coronary artery disease (CAD). The nurse knows that the teaching has been successful when the client states that the risk factors that can be controlled or modified include? a. gender, family history, and older age b. stress, family, ad obesity c. obesity, inactivity, diet, and smoking d. inactivity, stress, gender, and smoking

c. obesity, inactivity, diet, and smoking

45. A nurse is completeing an admission assessment on an adolescent client who is a vegetarian. He eats milk products but does not like beans. Which of the following items should the nurse suggest the client to order for lunch to provide the nutrients most likely to be lacking in his diet? a. bagel with cream cheese b. baked potato topped with sour cream c. peanut butter and jelly sandwich d. fruit salad

c. peanut butter jelly sandwich

37. A nurse is caring for a client who is to receive a mechanically altered diet. Which of the following client food choices necessitates intervention by the nurse? a. sliced banana b. scrambled eggs c. piece of wheat toast d. cottage cheese

c. piece of wheat toast

59. A nurse is caring for a client following a CVA and observes the client experiencing severe dysphagia. The nurse notifies the provider. Which of the following nutritional therapies will likely be prescribed? a. NPO until dysohagia subsides b. soft residue diet c. supplements via nasogastric tube d. initiation of total parenteral nutrition

c. supplements via nasogastric tube

27. The nurse is teaching a client with osteroporosis about optimal dietary choices to reduce the severity of the condition. What instructioin should the nurse provide? a. "decrease your intake of nuts and seeds" b. "decrease your intake of red meat" c. "eat more fresh fruits and vegetables" d. "eat more diary products such as cheese and yogurt"

d. "eat more diary products such as cheese and yogurt"

71. A nurse is providing teachinf about a heart healthy diet to a group of clients with hypertension. Which of the following statements by one of the clients indicates a need for further teaching? a. "i will replace table salt with dried herbs" b. "fresh fruits make a good snack option" c. "i may thicken gravy with cornstarch as i cook" d. "i may eat 10 ounces of lean protein each day"

d. "i may eat 10 ounces of lean protein each day"

57. Nutritional diversity is common among cultural or ethnic groups. How would the nurse assure that a Jewish patient had appropriate food delivered to her room? a. let her have what is delieverd; dietary should know what the patient needs b. tell her that she needs to bring her own food c. assume that the patient requires a kosher diet d. complete a cultural assessment of the patients health benefits and practices

d. complete a cultural assessment of the patients health benefits and practices

54. Which dietary measure would be useful in preventing esophageal reflux? a. increasing fluid intake b. adding a bedtime snack to the dietary plan c. avoiding air swallowing with meals d. eating small frequent meals

d. eating small frequent meals

50. A client who has been vomiting for 2 days has a nasogastric tube inserted. The nurse notes that over the past 10 hours, the tube has drained 2 L of fluid. The nurse should further assess the client for which electrolyte imbalance? a. hypermagnesemia b. hypocalcemia c. hypernatremia d. hypokalemia

d. hypokalemia

20. The nurse is performing a nutritional assessment and is concerned about under-nutrition in a client. Which condition should the nurse suspect is related to a nutritionl disorder? a. delayed menopasuse b. UTI c. high blood pressure d. poor wound healing

d. poor wound healing

56. A school age client with diabetes is placed on an intermediate acting insulin and regular insulin before breakfast and before dinner. She will receive a snack of milk and cereal at bedtime. What does the nurse tell the client the snack is intended to do? a. help her regain lost weight b. help her stay on her diet c. provide carbohydrates for immediate use d. prevent late night hypoglycemia

d. prevent late night hypoglycemia

74. Which method would be most appropriate for the nurse use to determine if a 2 year old is obese? a. body mass index (BMI) for age b. abdominal girths c. skinfold thickness measurements d. weight for length charts

a. body mass index (BMI) for age

43. Which adverse effect occurs when there is too rapid of an infusion of TPN solution? a. circulatory overload b. hypoglycemia c. hypokalemia d. negative nitrogen balance

a. circulatory overload

69. The nurse teaches the client with type 1 diabetes about the importance of maintaining a stable blood glucose level. The nurse sould suggest the client include which type of food to minimize the rise in blood glucose level after meals? a. dairy products b. dietary fiber c. vitamin-fortified foods d. meats

b. dietary fiber

22. The client with a major burn injury recieves total parenteral nutrition (TPN). What is the expected outcome? a. provide supplemental vitamins and minerals b. ensure adeqaute caloric and protein intake c. correct water and electrolyte imbalances d. allow the GI tract to rest

b. ensure adequate caloric and protein intake

52. After a school age child with insulin dependent diabetes attends a teaching session about nutrition, the nurse determines that the teaching has been effective when the child makes which statement? a. "if i don't eat all of my meal, i can make up the carbohydrates at the next meal" b. "when i don't finish a meal, i must make up the carbohydrates right then" c. "if im not hungry for a meal, i can eat the carbohydrates for a snack later" d. "when i don't finish a meal, i just need to take more insulin"

c. "if im not hungry for a meal, i can eat the carbohydrates for a snack later"

36. A nurse is instructing a group of clients regarding calcium rich foods. Which of the following foods should the nurse include in the teaching aas the best source of calcium? a. 1 cup cottage cheese b. 1/2 cup of ice cream c. 1 cup milk d. 1 ounce swiss cheese

c. 1 cup milk

14. A nurse is teaching a group of adults about nutrition. The nurse should include which of the following amounts as an appropriate daily intake of fiber for adult women? a. 5 to 10 g b. 10 to 15 g c. 20 to 35 g d. 40 to 50 g

c. 20 to 35 g

12. Which client is at an increased risk for developing a wound infection? a. a client with a hemoglobin of 11.4 b. a client with a body mass index (BMI) of 27 c. a client with an albumin level of 2.4 g/dl d. a client that does not ambulate on first post op day

c. a client with an albumin level of 2.4 g/dl

6. A nurse is instructing a group of clients about nutrition and eating foods high in iron. The nurse should include that which of the following aids in the absorption of iron? a. vitamin A b. fiber c. oxalatates d. vitamin C

d. vitamin c