Nutrition Quizzes combined- final

Protein synthesis is a multistep process. Put the steps of protein synthesis in sequential order. What step is this: The DNA code is transferred by mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm of a cell.

1

Protein synthesis is a multistep process. Put the steps of protein synthesis in sequential order. What step is this: Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries the DNA code to the ribosomes, where protein translation occurs.

2

Dana is 33 years old and pregnant for the first time. She is concerned that she might be too old to have a healthy pregnancy. Her obstetrician informed Dana that the ideal age range for pregnancy is

20 to 35 years old.

Millie's prepregnancy BMI is 18. Her weight-gain goal should be ______ pounds for the entire pregnancy.

28-40

Protein synthesis is a multistep process. Put the steps of protein synthesis in sequential order. What step is this: Transfer RNA (tRNA) adds amino acids one at a time according to the mRNA instructions to form a polypeptide chain.

3

After around age ______, the total calorie needs of physically inactive adults fall steadily throughout adulthood.

30

Protein synthesis is a multistep process. Put the steps of protein synthesis in sequential order. What step is this: Polpeptide chain twists and folds into three-dimensional structure of the intended protein

4

The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics and the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend that babies should be exclusively breastfed for the first ______ of life.

6 months

According to the American Academy of Pediatrics and the Dietary Guidelines, the best age to introduce solid foods into the infant's dietary pattern is

6 months of age

The Physical Activity Guidelines recommend that school-children should engage in ______ of moderate to intense physical activity per day.

60 minutes

Almost _____% of adults in the United States are overweight or have obesity.

75

One serving of breakfast cereal contains 50% of the 18 mg Daily Value for iron. How much iron will one serving of the cereal provide?

9 mg

The energy content of food is expressed in kilocalories (kcal). Which definition best describes how much energy is equal to 1 kcal?

A kilocalorie is the amount of heat energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 liter of water by 1° Celsius.

Linda has been experiencing some problems with bowel regularity. She saw a commercial for a yogurt with added probiotics that claims to aid with digestion and alleviate bowel problems. What is a probiotic?

A probiotic contains specific types of bacteria that are intended to colonize the large intestine and thereby improve intestinal tract health.

Lorraine's coworkers regularly plan potluck lunch parties, although there is an inadequate food storage area for all of the potentially hazardous foods her coworkers bring. To prove a point, Lorraine brought a thermometer to today's gathering. She found the following temperatures. Click to select the foods that are in the danger zone. warm scalloped potato casserole at 132F, a rotisserie chicken at 148F, A chilled macaroni sald made with mayo at 55F, A fruit salad with melons at 39F.

A warm scalloped potato casserole at 132F, A chilled macaroni salad made with mayo at 55F

How is excess body weight related to hypertension?

Additional blood vessels place extra strain on the heart.

What is the name of the high-energy compound that cells use to fuel chemical reactions?

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Label the figure below to show the target heart rate for each type of fitness training: 70-80

Aerobic zone

Dietary fiber has many health benefits. Match each health benefit with fiber's action in the body. Fiber increases feeling of satiety.

Aids in weight management

A person who consumes inadequate dietary protein may be expected to experience

All of these are potential consequences of inadequate dietary protein intake: decreased immune function. fluid imbalance. loss of lean body mass.

Regina's soccer coach takes the team out for a celebratory meal following a victory. A teammate orders French fries, noting that they must be healthy because the restaurant menu says the fries are made with "cholesterol-free" vegetable oil. Which statement about "cholesterol-free" vegetable oil is correct?

All vegetable oil is cholesterol free because cholesterol is only found in animal foods.

Protein contains nitrogen as part of its chemical structure. When the carbon skeletons of amino acids are metabolized to produce glucose or fat, ammonia is the resulting nitrogen-containing waste product. What happens to ammonia?

Ammonia is converted to urea and excreted in the urine.

Which of the following consumer, environmental, and industry trends have increased the risk of contracting foodborne illness?

An increase in the number of older adults in the population

Label the figure below to show the target heart rate for each type of fitness training: 80-90

Anaerobic zone

To assess weight status in children 2 years of age and older, the most useful growth chart is

BMI-for-age

There are four primary categories of energy expenditure. Of the following, which one represents the majority of total energy use by the body?

Basal metabolism

There are a number of important secretions and products made in the digestive tract. Neutralizes stomach acid when it reaches the small intestine.

Bicarbonate

There are a number of important secretions and products made in the digestive tract. Helps fat digestion by suspending fat in water in the small intestine.

Bile

What substance helps suspend fat in a watery digestive mixture, making fat more available to digestive enzymes?

Bile

______ is unique among the B vitamins because bacterial synthesis of the vitamin contributes to meeting human needs.

Biotin

Dietary choices affect health outcomes: excessive vitamin A intake during pregnancy

Birth defects

Which of the following would not be a practical suggestion for a single individual planning a dietary pattern?

Buying family-sized packages of meat

Which mineral is most important throughout life to assist in maintaining strong bones?

Calcium

Determine which macronutrient is the most important for the scenario listed below. This should constitue the greatest percentage of calories for all macronutrients for endurance athletes in training.

Carbohydrates

Determine which macronutrient is the most important for the scenario listed below: This is the most important macronutrient to consume during exercise when exercise duration surpasses one hour

Carbohydrates

Extracellular postiive

Chloride

Which of the following is true about the dietary patterns to promote optimal nutritional status?

Choose a variety of options from each food group because no single food meets all human nutrient needs.

About 95% of North American adults exceed the CDRR for sodium. Which of the following represents the best way to limit sodium intake?

Choose home-cooked meals prepared with fresh ingredients rather than restaurant and processed foods.

Which of the following is not recommended as a component of the Mediterranean diet?

Coconut oil as the preferred fat source

Which of the following occurs with aging?

Copy errors in the cell cycle can lead to genetic mutations that cause protein dysfunction, resulting in cell death.

3rd step: Starting at the site of oxygen transfer into the blood, put the steps in circulation in the correct order. Steps: Deoxygenated blood is returned to the right side of the heart, oxygenated blood returns to the left side of the heart, in the lungs blood becomes oxygenated, oxygenated blood circulate from the light side of the heart to the rest of the body.

Deoxygenated blood is returned to the right side of the heart

Which of the following can prevent or reduce the occurrence of constipation during pregnancy?

Drink about 10 cups of fluids per day. Choose plenty of fruits and vegetables. Engage in daily physical activity.

Which of the following breakfast options is the highest in carbohydrate?

English muffin with jelly, 8 ounces orange juice, 2 cups Cream of Wheat with 2 tablespoons sugar, 1 cup whole milk

There are a number of important secretions and products made in the digestive tract. Catalyzes reactions that digest nutrients into small components for absorption

Enzymes

Sandra has taken up bodybuilding and is starting to become more interested in a diet to improve athletic performance. She read an article in a bodybuilding magazine that said she should dramatically increase her dietary protein intake. What happens to protein when it is consumed in excess of the body's needs?

Excess amino acids are used to meet energy needs or converted to and stored as fat.

The Environmental Working Group (EWG) annually publishes the "Dirty Dozen" and "Clean 15" in relation to pesticide exposure on produce. These guidelines are grounded in rigorous scientific research, promoted by U.S. government agencies, and should be followed by Americans. Group starts

False

Regina's pregnant sister is interested in boosting her intake of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), two omega-3 fatty acids that can be made from alpha-linolenic acid. She has heard that EPA and DHA are important for cancer prevention, brain health, cardiovascular disease prevention, and immune function. Which food is the best source of EPA and DHA?

Fatty fish

As a mother of young children, Laura is concerned about her children's dental health because they live in a community that does not have fluoridated water. Fluoride helps protect against dental caries. Where else can her children get fluoride?

Fluoridated toothpaste

There are some nutrients that may need to be supplemented in an infant's dietary pattern. Match the nutrient with its primary function in the body: Tooth development

Fluoride

Which of the following is the best food source of many B vitamins involved in energy metabolism?

Fortified breakfast cereal

Classify each of the following simple carbohydrates as monosaccharides. Fructose, Lactose, sucrose, maltose, glucose

Fructose and glucose

ietary patterns play a role in several of the leading causes of death in the United States. From the following list of the 10 leading causes of death in the United States, click to select the six causes of death for which nutrition plays an important role.

Heart Disease, Alzheimer's disease, kidney disease, diabetes, cancer, stroke

Dietary choices affect health outcomes: Diet high in saturated fat

Heart attack

Label the figure below to show the target heart rate for each type of fitness training: 50-60

Heart health zone

Iron is part of the hemoglobin in red blood cells. What is the purpose of hemoglobin?

Hemoglobin transports oxygen from lungs to body cells and also returns carbon dioxide to the lungs for excretion.

There are a number of important secretions and products made in the digestive tract. Destroys pathogens, solubilizes minerals, and activiates enzymes

Hydrochloric acid

Digestive health is affected by age. Determine whether each of the digestive processes decreases with age. Hydrochloric acid production, intrinsic factor production, lactase production, gallbladder function, intestinal transit time.

Hydrochloric acid production, intrinsic factor production, lactase production, gallbladder function

What sphincter separates the small intestine from the large intestine?

Ileocecal

There are some nutrients that may need to be supplemented in an infant's dietary pattern. Match the nutrient with its primary function in the body. Cognitive development

Iron

Internal iron stores (transferred from the mother to the fetus during the end stages of pregnancy) generally run out by the time an infant is six months old. Iron is important for cognitive development. What is the best source of dietary iron for a 12-month-old child?

Iron-fortified breakfast cereal or small amounts of lean meat

Which of the following is correct about upper-body (android) obesity?

It is related to heart disease, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus.

Match each enzyme to its action in carbohydrate digestion: Breaks a disaccharide into glucose and galactose

Lactase

Classify each of the following simple carbohydrates as disaccharides. Fructose, Lactose, sucrose, maltose, glucose

Lactose, sucrose, maltose

Lipids are a unique nutrient group, differing significantly from carbohydrates and proteins. Which of the following is a correct statement about lipids?

Lipids yield 9 kcal per gram, making them the most energy-dense nutrients.

During her pregnancy, Kume has been extra careful to avoid foods that could potentially cause foodborne illness. Even though she loves Greek salad, at lunch today she had to order something else because the waiter could not confirm whether or not the feta cheese on the salad was pasteurized. Pregnant women should avoid unpasteurized cheese because ______ can cross the placental barrier, infect the fetus, and cause spontaneous abortion or stillbirth.

Listeria monocytogenes

Label the figure below to show the target heart rate for each type of fitness training: 90-100 MHR

Maximal effort zone

Dana is pregnant and she is dining at a restaurant with her husband. She has been reading about foodborne illness risk during pregnancy and knows which foods to avoid. Which meal choice is the best for her as it is the least likely to cause foodborne illness?

Medium-well steak with mashed potatoes and sautéed squash

A number of recent, high-profile foodborne illness outbreaks have increased Americans' awareness of the safety of our food supply. What is the primary cause of foodborne illness in North America?

Microbial contamination

Which of the following foods are among the eight most common food allergens?

Milk, eggs, wheat

Which of the following snacks provides the most vitamin C?

Mixed berries, including strawberries and blueberries

categorized as particularly rich in either saturated, monounsaturated, or polyunsaturated fatty acids. Olive oil

Monounsaturated fat

categorized as particularly rich in either saturated, monounsaturated, or polyunsaturated fatty acids. Peanuts

Monounsaturated fat

Match each vitamin with its mechanism of synthesis: Can be synthesized from the amino acid tryptophan

Niacin

One cup of apple juice has 111 kcal and 1.4 mg of vitamin C. The same serving size of orange juice has 112 kcal and 124 mg of vitamin C. Which of the following is true regarding their nutrient density?

Orange juice is more nutrient dense for vitamin C than apple juice.

What type of bonds link individual amino acids together?

Peptide bonds

Intracellular negative

Phosphate

categorized as particularly rich in either saturated, monounsaturated, or polyunsaturated fatty acids. Corn oil

Polyunsaturated fat

categorized as particularly rich in either saturated, monounsaturated, or polyunsaturated fatty acids. Sunflower oil

Polyunsaturated fat

Intracellular postive

Potassium

Irregular heartbeat is a sign of low blood levels of which of the following electrolyte minerals?

Potassium

According to surveys from the United States Department of Agriculture, what is the most commonly consumed vegetable in the United States?

Potatos

Dietary fiber has many health benefits. Match each health benefit with fiber's action in the body. Nonfermentable fiber increases stool bulk and increases bowel regularity.

Promote colon health

Determine which macronutrient is the most important for the scenario listed below. This macronutrient may contribute up to 15% of energy needs for fueling muscles during endurance activities

Protein

Now that Quinn is five months old, her mother is wondering if she is ready to start solid foods. Click to select the factors that indicate Quinn is ready for solid foods.

Pushes food out of her mouth with her tongue, can sit up with support, can control her head and neck

Dietary fiber has many health benefits. Match each health benefit with fiber's action in the body. Fiber reduces cholesterol absorption and increases cholesterol excretion.

Reduces cardiovascular disease risk.

Which of the following is a function of phytochemicals?

Regulates cell signaling and gene expression

Which of the B vitamins has an antioxidant role?

Riboflavin

Categorized as particularly rich in either saturated, monounsaturated, or polyunsaturated fatty acids. Butter

Saturated Fat

categorized as particularly rich in either saturated, monounsaturated, or polyunsaturated fatty acids. Coconut oil

Saturated fat

Extracellular negative

Sodium

Match each enzyme to its action in carbohydrate digestion: Breaks a disaccharide into glucose and fructose

Sucrase

One of the mothers in Lorraine's mothers group has started purchasing raw, unpasteurized milk and feeding it to her children. The other women warn her about the potential health hazards of drinking raw milk. The mother insists that pasteurization degrades the nutritional quality of milk and that raw milk is nutritionally superior. What does pasteurization do?

The pasteurization process heats foods to kill pathogenic microorganisms and reduce the total number of bacteria.

Linda has heard that the acidic environment of the stomach is similar to that of a car battery. If the stomach is so acidic, why doesn't the acid eat away at the stomach lining and cause holes in the stomach?

The stomach is lined with a thick layer of mucus.

Bile acids (part of bile) work as emulsifiers to aid in fat digestion. After fat digestion in the small intestine is complete, what happens to most of these bile acids?

They are absorbed from the last segment of the small intestine and returned to the liver to be used again.

Last summer, Lorraine's garden yielded more food than her family could eat. She chose to extend the life of many of her fruits and vegetables by preserving them. What do most preservation methods have in common?

They decrease water content that bacteria need to growCorrect

Which statement about vitamins is true?

They help regulate chemical reactions in the body.

Match each vitamin with its mechanism of synthesis: Can be synthesized from plant pigments

Vitamin A

Which of the following is an example of a fat-soluble vitamin?

Vitamin A

Match each vitamin with its mechanism of synthesis: Can be synthesized in the skin when exposed to sun

Vitamin D

There are some nutrients that may need to be supplemented in an infant's dietary pattern. Match the nutrient with its primary function in the body. Bone Health

Vitamin D

Physiological changes are an inevitable part of the aging process. As the body ages, which of the following increases?

Vitamin D needs

Match each vitamin with its mechanism of synthesis: Can be synthesized by bacteria in the intestinal tract

Vitamin K

There are some nutrients that may need to be supplemented in an infant's dietary pattern. Match the nutrient with its primary function in the body: Blood clotting

Vitamin K

The digestive system not only processes the foods we eat, but it is also the site of some nutrient production. Which two nutrients are produced by bacteria that live in the large intestine?

Vitamin K and biotin

Lawrence is learning that energy imbalance leads to weight fluctuations. When does weight gain occur?

Weight gain occurs when caloric intake exceeds energy expenditure.

Label the figure below to show the target heart rate for each type of fitness training: 60-70

Weight management zone

Glycogen is

a highly branched carbohydrate that serves as the storage form of glucose in humans.

Key dietary recommendations support limiting intake of ______ to less than 10% of calories.

added sugars

The Freshman 15 is the term used to describe the

amount of weight (in pounds) typically gained during the freshman year of college.

According to MyPlate, food choices from the Grains Group should include

at least half of the grain servings as whole grains.

Which of the following is an essential nutrient? Phytochemical alcohol, zoochemical, carbohydrate

carbohydrate

Food manufacturers add lecithin (a phospholipid) to foods (e.g., salad dressing) to keep mixtures of fat and water from separating. Lecithin is a(n)

emulsifier

Cholesterol is necessary for the synthesis of

estrogen and testosterone.

Lower risk for gestational diabetes, reduced bone loss during pregnancy, better sleep, decreased back pain, and improved satisfaction with body image are all outcomes of

exercise during pregnancy.

Determine which macronutrient is the most important for the scenario listed below. This is an important energy source for low or moderate aerobic excerise that lasts more than 20 minutes.

fat

When considering physical activity for weight control, keep in mind that sustained aerobic activity, including brisk walking, jogging, or cycling, burns more ______ than resistance activity.

fat

Women suffering from chronic alcoholism produce children with a recognizable pattern of malformations called

fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS).

Common symptoms of foodborne illness include

fever, diarrhea, and vomiting.

Excessive acid production in the stomach could result in

formation of an ulcer.

The MIND Diet includes plenty of

fruits and vegetables

Dana is pregnant for the first time, and she is reading a book about healthy pregnancies. The book says that the goal of pregnancy is to achieve optimal health for both the baby and the mother. Two widely accepted criteria for a healthy pregnancy are

gestational period longer than 37 weeks and birth weight greater than 5.5 pounds.

The MyPlate icon contains five food groups. In this icon, fruits and vegetables cover _____ of the plate.

half

Body Mass Index is a ratio of

height and weight.

An overarching goal of Healthy People 2030 is to

help people live free of preventable disease, disability, injury, and premature death.

Now that Quinn has started eating solid foods, her parents want to ensure she avoids any choking hazards. Click to select the foods that are not advisable for infant feeding as they may cause choking.

hot dogs cut into coin-shaped pieces, grapes, gummy bears

1st step: Starting at the site of oxygen transfer into the blood, put the steps in circulation in the correct order. Steps: Deoxygenated blood is returned to the right side of the heart, oxygenated blood returns to the left side of the heart, in the lungs blood becomes oxygenated, oxygenated blood circulate from the light side of the heart to the rest of the body.

in the lungs blood becomes oxygenated

Physical activity

includes spontaneous moments as seemingly insignificant as fidgeting.

Digestive health is affected by age. Determine whether each of the digestive processes increases with age. Hydrochloric acid production, intrinsic factor production, lactase production, gallbladder function, intestinal transit time.

intestinal transit time

The amount of water in each body compartment mainly is controlled by

ion concentration.

The first trimester of pregnancy

is a time of particular importance to avoid nutritional deficiencies and environmental exposures that could harm the fetus.

A vegetarian who excludes animal flesh but consumes milk and eggs is referred to as a(n)

lactoovovegetarian

The disaccharides important in nutrition are sucrose, maltose, and

lactose.

Mucus and synovial (joint) fluid exemplify water's role as a

lubricant

Match each enzyme to its action in carbohydrate digestion: Breaks a disaccharide into two molecules of glucose

maltase

Preterm infants

may have problems sucking and swallowing.

Thermogenesis refers to

metabolic activity of brown adipose tissue, especially in hibernating animals.

The organelles that are known as the power plants or the powerhouses of the cell are the

mitochondria

The term simple carbohydrates refers to

monosaccharides and disaccharides.

Research suggests that older adults probably require ______ the current RDA for protein for adults.

more than

There are a number of important secretions and products made in the digestive tract. Lubricated and protects the organs of the digestive tract

mucus

High-fiber diets are

not recommended for infants.

Because older individuals need similar amounts of nutrients compared to their younger counterparts but fewer calories, they should focus on dietary patterns that emphasize

nutrient density.

Dietary choices affect health outcomes: Excessive calorie intake

obesity

The simplest way to determine if your fluid intake is adequate is to

observe the color of your urine; it should be clear or pale yellow.

Dietary choices affect health outcomes: Insufficient calcium intake

osteoporosis

4th step: Starting at the site of oxygen transfer into the blood, put the steps in circulation in the correct order. Steps: Deoxygenated blood is returned to the right side of the heart, oxygenated blood returns to the left side of the heart, in the lungs blood becomes oxygenated, oxygenated blood circulate from the light side of the heart to the rest of the body.

oxygenated blood circulates from the left side of the heart to the rest of the body.

2nd step: Starting at the site of oxygen transfer into the blood, put the steps in circulation in the correct order. Steps: Deoxygenated blood is returned to the right side of the heart, oxygenated blood returns to the left side of the heart, in the lungs blood becomes oxygenated, oxygenated blood circulate from the light side of the heart to the rest of the body.

oxygenated blood returns to the left side of the heart

In proteins, amino acids are joined by ______ bonds.

peptide

The process that plants use to make glucose from carbon dioxide and water in the presence of the sun's heat and light is called

photosynthesis

Which nutrients yield energy? Categorize each class of nutrient as energy-yielding. Protein, minerals, carbs, fat, water, vitamins

protein, carbs, fat

Kwashiorkor and marasmus are two severe forms of

protein-calorie malnutrition.

The Dietary Guidelines emphasize

reduction of added sugars, alcohol, saturated fat, and sodium.

Vitamin D deficiency during childhood leads to a condition of weak and malformed bones known as

rickets

Dietary fats that contain mostly ______ fatty acids tend to be solid at room temperature.

saturated

Plant-based diets may reduce the risk for cardiovascular disease. This is likely due to the fact that, compared to animal sources of protein, plant sources of protein are lower in

saturated fat and cholesterol.

Lorraine's mother-in-law is babysitting Lorraine's kids and mentions she is going to give them fruit and honey for dessert at lunchtime. Lorraine points out that her baby cannot have honey. Children under age one should avoid honey because it may contain ______ that cause ______ in young children, all of whom have immature immune systems.

spores; botulism

The major function of adipose tissue is to

store energy.

"Nutrition" is

the science that links foods to health and disease.

Life expectancy refers to

the time an average person born in a specific year can expect to live.

In the United States, bread and cereal products made from milled grains are enriched with

thiamin, riboflavin, and niacin.

A(n) _______ is made up of a glycerol backbone attached to three fatty acids.

triglyceride

According to current growth charts, an infant can be expected to ______ his or her birth weight by 1 year of age.

triple

In the United States, approximately ______ of adults are overweight or obese.

two-thirds

Lorraine is having guests over tomorrow; she is preparing a pork roast that is currently frozen. Click to select the appropriate methods to thaw the frozen meat.

under cool, running water; in the microwave, in the refrigerator

Which nutrients yield energy? Categorize each class of nutrient as nonenergy-yielding. Protein, minerals, carbs, fat, water, vitamins

vitamins, minerals, water

A major function of the large intestine is to absorb

water

Basal metabolism is the energy expended

while in a fasting state when resting and awake in a warm, quiet environment.