Nutrition Science

A nutrient requirement is the smallest amount of a nutrient that maintains a defined level of nutritional health. Ture False

True

Which of the following classes of nutrients is NOT considered a macronutrient? a. Proteins b. Lipids c. Carbohydrates d. Minerals

d. Minerals

Elizabeth eats a serving of peanut butter that provides 16 g of fat. How many kcal are provided to her by this nutrient? Show your work (show how you mathematically derived your answer).

16 g fat x 9 kcal/g = 144 kcal of fat provided in this serving of peanut butter 16 g fat x 9 kcal/g = 144 kcal of fat provided in this serving of peanut butter

One cup of long-grain cooked brown rice containing about 52 grams of carbohydrate would yield _____ kilocalories from carbohydrate. Show your work (how you mathematically derived your answer).

52 g carb x 4 kcal/g carb = 208 kcal from carbohydrate

A "peer-reviewed" nutrition article is one that you would mostly find in pop culture magazines, such as Vogue. True False

False

According to FDA regulations, fruits and vegetables must have a Nutrition Facts label. True False

False

Which government agency is responsible for the regulation of nutrition- and health-related claims on product labels?

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

Adding calcium to orange juice is called fortification. True False

True

Dr. Joseph Goldberger's scientific finding about the cause of pellagra was not welcomed by members of the medical community. True False

True

The FDA allows certain "nutrient content claims" on processed food labels. True False

True

The placebo effect occurs when a human subject reports "positive results" even when taking a placebo. True False

True

The process of adding vitamins A and D to milk is called fortification. True False

True

To become a registered dietitian nutritionist (RDN), a person has to earn at least a bachelor's degree in an approved or accredited plan of study and then complete a supervised practice program. True False

True To become a registered dietitian nutritionist (RDN), a person has to earn at least a bachelor's degree in an approved or accredited plan of study and then complete a supervised practice program. Following the supervised practice program, the individual must also pass a national registration exam to fulfill the requirements of the RDN credential. Starting in 2024, new requirements will be in place that those who want to become RDN's must complete a graduate degree before they are qualified to take the registration exam.

Which of the following nutrients can be broken down to provide energy? a. carbohydrates b. protein c. fat d. vitamins

a. carbohydrates b. protein c. fat

Digestion begins in the a. pancreas b. mouth c. esophagus d. colon

b. mouth

Which statement best describes nutrient density? a. Consume a variety of foods from MyPlate's five major food groups every day. b. Plan your entire day's diet so that you don't overconsume nutrient sources. c. Consume foods that have the most nutrients when compared to their kilocalories. d. Choose a number of different foods within any given food group rather than the "same old thing."

c. Consume foods that have the most nutrients when compared to their kilocalories.

The vitamin effective in treating pellagra is ______. a. biotin b. ascorbic acid c. niacin d. vitamin K

c. niacin

During a television interview, Dr. Ima Quack provides the following statement, "Most Americans suffer from nutritional-deficiency diseases and will develop cancer within the next 10 years because they are not taking my megavitamin formula therapy." Dr. Quack's statement is an example of a(n) ______. a. medical hypothesis b. personal observation c. intuitive deduction d. scare tactic

d. scare tactic

A primary function of the digestive system is the ______. a. production of red blood cells b. destruction of toxic metabolic by-products c. transmission of nervous impulses d. breakdown of food into nutrients

d. breakdown of food into nutrients

Undernutrition and overnutrition are both problems in the United States. All of the following statements are true EXCEPT _______________________. a. overnutrition is a type of malnutrition b. overnutrition can be caused by long-term excessive energy intake c. overnutrition is often characterized by obesity. d. overnutrition is less common than underrnutrition in the United States.

d. overnutrition is less common than underrnutrition in the United States.

Pellagra is an infectious disease. True False

False

The US Food and Drug Administration highly regulates the development, testing, and dosage of dietary supplements. True False

False

Which of the following statements is false? a. The Internet is generally a reliable source of nutrition information, because information posted at websites has been peer-reviewed. b. In general, personal websites, such as blogs, are not reliable sources of nutrition information. c. Websites with .edu in their addresses are likely to provide reliable nutrition information. d. When evaluating claims for dietary supplements that appear at a website, be wary of products that include promises for quick remedies.

a. The Internet is generally a reliable source of nutrition information, because information posted at websites has been peer-reviewed.

A kilocalorie is a measure of a. heat energy. b. fat in food. c. nutrients in food. d. sugar and fat in food.

a. heat energy.

The current USDA interactive menu-planning guide is a. MyPlate b. MyOrganicFoods c. MyMeal d. MyPyramid

a. MyPlate

The lining of the small intestine is covered with _____, tiny, finger-like structures that absorb nutrients from food. a. villi b. lacteals c. neurons d. arteries

a. villi

Which of the following reasons is NOT an important reason why people should study nutrition? a. To improve one's food intake to achieve or maintain a healthy weight b. To provide advice to people concerning which dietary supplements should be consumed and which should be avoided c. To learn about the role of nutrients in the body and how the nutritional quality of a person's diet affects his or her health d. To recognize that humans do not have an instinctive drive to satisfy their hunger with nutritious foods

b. To provide advice to people concerning which dietary supplements should be consumed and which should be avoided

Which of the following would be considered an "empty calorie" food? a. lean meat b. A candy bar c. Spinach d. an egg

b. A candy bar

Jared often eats a large dinner about an hour before he lies down to sleep. Based on this information, he is likely to develop _____. a. Crohn's disease b. GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease) c. colon cancer d. chronic constipation

b. GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease)

Which of the following compounds is not secreted by the human stomach? a. mucus b. bile c. hydrochloric acid d. gastric juice

b. bile

The essential nutrients a. must be consumed at every meal. b. cannot be made by the body and therefore must be consumed to maintain health. c. can be made in the body when they are needed. d. are required for infants but not adults.

b. cannot be made by the body and therefore must be consumed to maintain health.

In order to make healthful and logical nutrition decisions, beware of a. reputable publication sources. b. testimonials about personal experience. c. evidence from other scientific studies. d. registered dietitians.

b. testimonials about personal experience.

Small amounts of food move from the back of the mouth and through the esophagus by involuntary muscular movements called _____. a. lipolysis b. segmentation c. peristalsis d. gluconeogenesis

c. peristalsis

Of the following foods, which is NOT considered a "protein food"? a. beans b. eggs c. banana d. nuts

c. banana

The _____ helps form feces by absorbing excess water and some minerals from chyme. a. pyloric valve b. lower stomach c. large intestine d. esophageal sphincter

c. large intestine

Which of the following organs is considered an accessory organ of the digestive system? a. small intestine b. stomach c. liver d. brain

c. liver

Salivary glands secrete amylase, an enzyme that enables a minor amount of _____ to be digested in the mouth. a. alcohol b. water c. starch d. protein

c. starch

Why should a person consume foods that contain recommended amounts of vitamins and minerals? a. To prevent chronic diseases that result from vitamin deficiencies, such as lung cancer b. To store the extra vitamins and minerals in liver and bone tissue c. To avoid weight gain that results from improper macronutrient metabolism d. To maintain optimal tissue levels of these nutrients

d. To maintain optimal tissue levels of these nutrients

Which of the following structures normally prevents swallowed food from entering the larynx and trachea? a. voice box b. tongue c. pharynx d. epiglottis

d. epiglottis

The RDAs for nutrients are set a. by the FDA for food labeling purposes. b. based on a person's height and weight. c. by the CDC to monitor nutritional diseases. d. to cover the needs of 97%-98% of the population

d. to cover the needs of 97%-98% of the population.