Nutrition Unit Two

Amino acids have a number of common properties in their chemical structures, but each has a defining component. Match the name of the component of an amino acid with its role:

The nitrogen atom is in the amino group. The R group identifies the molecule as a particular amino acid. The carbon skeleton is an important component of an amino acid because the body can be used for energy or synthesized into other compounds, such as glucose.

Naltrexone

blocks the craving for alcohol and the pleasure of intoxication

Disulfiram

causes physical reactions, such as vomiting, when drinking alcohol.

Acamprosate

is thought to act on neurotransmitter pathways in the brain to decrease the desire to drink.

digestible carbohydrates

prevent ketosis, provide energy, and spare protein.

indigestible carbohydrates

reduce risk of obesity, reduce cholesterol absorption, promote bowel health, and enhance glucose control.

A food that results in a(n) _____ from the body has a high biological value(BV), meaning that the majority of the protein has been absorbed by the body because the food's amino acid pattern matches the body's amino acid pattern well.

small amount of nitrogen released.

Put the protein digestion steps in order of their occurrence during the digestive process.

1. stomach acid denatures protein. 2. pepsin partially digested peptide chains. 3. partially digested protein moves from stomach into the small intestine with nutrients and chyme. 4. cck is released from walls of the small intestine. 5. cck stimulates the pancreas release proteases. 6. Trypsin is released from the pancreas. 7. Strip enzymes breaks partially digested proteins into amino acids.

Vitamins and Alcohol Intake

Alcoholism can lead to deficiencies in vitamin A, vitamin D, and vitamin K.

A package of bread bears the following "100% Whole Grain" stamp. Based on this stamp, what information do you know about this grain product? Select all that apply.

All the grain ingredients in this product are whole grains. One serving of this product supplies at least 18 g of whole grains.

Binge Drinking

Binge drinking is consuming five or more drinks in a row for men or four drinks or more for women.

Uncontrolled diabetes increases the risk for which of the following health conditions? Select all that apply.

Blindness. Kidney disease. Decreased nerve stimulation (neuropathy). Ketosis, life-threatening. Cardiovascular disease.

Put the fats in order from the one that contains the greatest percentage of saturated fatty acids (1) to the one that contains the lowest percentage of saturated fatty acids (5).

Coconut oil is 92% saturated fat; butter is 66% saturated fat; palm oil is 52% saturated fat; olive oil is 14% saturated fat; canola oil is 7% saturated fat.

Which of the following statements are true about the role of protein in the body? Select all that apply.

Enzymes and hormones are made up of proteins. Amino acids are the building blocks of protein. Protein forms the major part of lean body tissue.

As your heart races your body releases what that increases glycogen breakdown in the liver and raises your blood sugar?

Epinephrine

Which food is the best source of EPA + DHA?

Fatty Fish

With an empty stomach your blood glucose drops. This prompt your pancreas to release what to stimulate break down of glycogen in the liver into glucose?

Glucagon

Fiber increases satiety without yielding energy.

Helps promote weight control.

Soluble fiber slows down glucose absorption.

Improves diabetes management.

After a meal your blood sugar rises in the pancreas releases what an attempt to shuttle blood and sugar into your cells?

Insulin

Soluble fiber from in Apple broken down or fermented in this digestive organ.

Large Intestine.

Lipids are a unique nutrient group, differing significantly from carbohydrates and proteins. Which of the following statements are true? Select all that apply.

Lipids do not dissolve readily and water. That supplies 9 kcal per gram. Lipids are components of the plasma membrane that surrounds each humans.

Your sugars from a breakfast of cereal and milk or absorbed into the intestinal bloodstream they are transported to this organ.

Liver.

Glucose Intolerance

May have hormonal component. Can result in elevated levels in the blood.

Which of the following are methods used to measure protein quality in food? Select all that apply.

Methods used to determine the quality of a protein include biological value, protein efficiency ratio, chemical score, and Protein Digestibility Corrected Amino Acid Score.

Put the foods in order of most monounsaturated fat per serving (1) to least monounsaturated per serving (5).

Olive oil is 73% monounsaturated fat. Canola oil is 63% monounsaturated fat. Peanut oil is 46% monounsaturated fat. Butter is 26% monounsaturated fat. Coconut oil is 7% monounsaturated fat.

omega-3 fatty acids

Omega-3 fatty acids also decrease inflammation in the body. Omega-3 fatty acids tend to decrease blood clotting. Use of omega-3 fatty acids as a dietary supplement has been shown to decrease circulating triglyceride levels in the blood.

omega-6 fatty acid

Omega-6 fatty acids increase clotting and increase inflammation in the body.

As you're a tortilla enters into your small intestine this organ secretes enzymes to break it starch down into disaccharides.

Pancreas.

Insoluble fiber increases stool bulk and increases regularity.

Promotes colon health.

Little carbohydrates from a bowl of rice remains by the time food reaches this part of the digestive tract.

Rectum and anus.

Soluble fiber reduces cholesterol.

Reduces cardiovascular disease risk.

Lactose Intolerance

Results in gas and bloating. Can cause diarrhea. Is a digestive disorder.

If you place a cracker on your tongue enzymes released from this gland begin starch digestion.

Salivary Gland.

Resorption of most of the nutrients in carbohydrate from a snack of granola and yogurt occurs in the organ.

Small Intestine.

If you eat a bowl of spaghetti when it reaches this organ that acidic environment stops the activity of salivary amylase.

Stomach

essential amino acids

-Indispensable -must be supplied by food in diet -tryptophan

non-essential amino acids

-dispensable -can make endogenously -aspartic acid

Put the following four foods in order of % carbohydrate content with the greatest carbohydrate content first (1) and the lowest carbohydrate content last (4).

1. 1 tbsp honey 2. 1/2 cup of rice 3. 1/2 cup kidney beans 4. 3 ounces beef