Nutrition

The label on a bag of salt-free pretzels indicates that the chips are "low-fat." This means the pretzels provide ____ gram(s) of fat or less per serving.

3

According to national surveys, the percentage of obese American adults increased by almost ___% between 1988-1994 and 2011-2012.

50

Which of the following compounds enters the citric acid cycle?

Acetyl CoA

Antonio has severe chronic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). To reduce his likelihood of developing heartburn, his physician recommended that he

Avoid overeating during meals

Which of the following cooking methods can result in major losses of water-soluble vitamins?

Boiling in a saucepan of water

_____ is a condition characterized by the accumulation of scar tissue in the liver leading to its irreversible damage.

Cirrhosis of the liver

The toxin produced by ____ can cause blurry vision, muscle weakness, difficulty swallowing, and even death.

Clostridium botulinum

Which of the following plant oils contain a high amount of saturated fat?

Coconut oil

Esther would like to gain weight, but despite eating regular meals and having no disordered eating practice or eating disorder, her BMI dropped from 19.0 to 16.2 in 1 year. According to this information, Esther's physician will need to

Determine whether Esther has cancer or another chronic disease

Karen has type 2 diabetes and has been complaining that her breath has a fruity smell. Based on your knowledge about macromolecule metabolism, what will be the best explanation of her actual situation?

Due to her hyperglycemia, the process of ketosis is occurring, and the fatty acids are breaking down to from ketone bodies responsible for the fruity smell

Three days after eating an undercooked hamburger patty at a picnic, Grace experienced intestinal cramps and bloody diarrhea. When Grace became too weak to walk, her roommate took her to the ER of a hospital. Grace required treatment for kidney failure. Based on this information, which of the following food-borne pathogens was most likely responsible for Grace's serious illness.

E coli

In their efforts to avoid regaining the weight they have lost, members of the National Weight Control Registry tend to

Eat breakfast daily

Direct calorimetry measures a person's oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production.

False

Inside our cells, the Acetyl CoA can be converted into pyruvate.

False

Water-soluble vitamins are stored inside our body and do not need to be ingested daily.

False

The process of pasteurization involves the use of

Heat to kill pathogens

Which of the following compounds is secreted by the human stomach?

Hydrochloric acid

Which of the following measurement techniques is a convenient, practical, and inexpensive way to determine if a person has an unhealthy distribution of body fat?

Measuring the person's waist circumference

Paul just had a cholecystectomy; which of the following dietary modifications does he need to implement?

Reduce his lipid intake

The body uses cholesterol to make

Steroid hormones

To conserve the vitamin content of foods,

Stir-fry instead of boil

Which of the following statements is true?

The adult AMDR for carbohydrates is 45 to 65% of total energy intake

Which of the following statements is true?

The pyloric sphincter controls the rate at which chyme enters the small intestine

If Kara's body weight is 120 pounds, her RDA for protein is approximately 44 g.

True

Local health departments have the authority to close restaurants that receive low sanitation scores and prevent them from reopening until food safety hazards have been corrected.

True

Plants use glucose to make fiber and starch.

True

Ashley's BMI is 16.8. Based on this information her weight is in the ____ range.

Underweight

Which of the following is not a water-soluble vitamin?

Vitamin A

Which of the following foods is not a good source of thiamin?

Whole milk

Julio wants to cook chicken and bake a pie made with eggs and milk for his roommates. Julio and his dinner guests are likely to experience food-borne illness if he

Wipes the knife used to cut up the raw chicken on a hand towel before using the knife to cut up the salad vegetables

vermin

animals that often live around sewage or garbage, such as flies, cockroaches, mice, and rats

pathogen

disease-causing microorganism

food-borne illness

infection caused by microscopic disease-causing agents in food

contaminated food

item that is impure or unsafe for human consumption

parasite

life form that lives on or in another organism and takes advantage of its host

pasteurization

process that kills the pathogens in foods and beverages as well as many microbes responsible for spoilage

Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP)

science-based, systematic approach to preventing food-borne illness by predicting which hazards are most likely to occur in a food production facility

cross-contamination

transferring of pathogens from a contaminated food or surface to an uncontaminated food or surface