OB EXAM 1 Woman's health
At a sexual health workshop for older teenagers, the nurse discusses the human papillomavirus (HPV). Which statements made by the participants lead the nurse to believe teaching was successful? Select all that apply. -"The HPV vaccines will help prevent cervical cancer." -"By getting the HPV vaccine, this infection can be prevented." -"There currently is no treatment, cure, or vaccine for HPV." -"The vaccine that is available is not advised for our age group." -"Women between the ages of 13 and 26 can receive the vaccination series." -"The HPV vaccine can be given to girls and boys as young as 9 years old."
-"By getting the HPV vaccine, this infection can be prevented." -"The HPV vaccine can be given to girls and boys as young as 9 years old." -"Women between the ages of 13 and 26 can receive the vaccination series." -"The HPV vaccines will help prevent cervical cancer." Explanation: There is currently no medical treatment or cure for HPV, but there is now a preventative vaccine. Therapeutic management focuses on prevention through the use of the HPV vaccine and education. The FDA has approved three HPV vaccines to prevent cervical cancer. The CDC has recommended the vaccine for routine administration to 11- and 12-year-old girls and boys. The use of a HPV vaccine for girls and boys as young as 9 is recommended, and women between the ages of 13 and 26 can safely receive the vaccination series.
A nurse is preparing a teaching plan for a female client diagnosed with genital ulcers. Which instructions would the nurse include in this teaching plan? Select all that apply. -"Try using cool sitz baths to help relieve the discomfort." -"Use a condom when having sexual intercourse with any noninfected partner." -"Apply ice packs to the area for 20 minutes every few hours." -"Avoid having sex when any ulcers are present." -"Air dry any lesions with a hair dryer on the low setting."
-"Use a condom when having sexual intercourse with any noninfected partner." -"Avoid having sex when any ulcers are present." -"Air dry any lesions with a hair dryer on the low setting." Explanation: Teaching a client with genital ulcers includes avoiding extremes of temperature such as ice packs or hot packs, using a condom with all new or uninfected sexual partners, avoiding sex during the prodromal period and when lesions are present, using lukewarm sitz baths for discomfort, and air-drying lesions with a hair dryer on the low setting.
A community health nurse is conducting a class on sexually transmitted infections (STIs). She states that "STIs are discriminatory." What would the nurse most likely use to support this statement? -"After only a single exposure, women are twice as likely as men to acquire STIs." -"Women are equally diagnosed over men as they will seek treatment first." -"All individuals are susceptible if exposed to the infectious organism." -"Women are diagnosed with two thirds of the new cases of STIs annually." -"Certain infections can be transmitted to the newborn."
-"Women are diagnosed with two thirds of the new cases of STIs annually." -"After only a single exposure, women are twice as likely as men to acquire STIs." -"Certain infections can be transmitted to the newborn." Explanation: STIs are biologically sexist, presenting greater risk and causing more complications among women than among men. Women are diagnosed with two thirds of the new cases of STIs annually in the United States. After only a single exposure, women are twice as likely as men to acquire infections from pathogens. Certain infections can be transmitted in utero to the fetus or during childbirth to the newborn.
A 19-year-old female client has been diagnosed with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) caused by untreated gonorrhea. Which instructions should the nurse offer when caring for the client? Select all that apply. -Avoid douching vaginal area. -Limit the number of sex partners. -Use an intrauterine device (IUD). -Complete the antibiotic therapy. -Increase fluid intake.
-Avoid douching vaginal area. -Complete the antibiotic therapy. -Limit the number of sex partners. Explanation: The nurse should instruct the client with pelvic inflammatory disease to avoid douching, limit the number of sex partners, and complete the antibiotic therapy. Use of an intrauterine device is one of the risk factors associated with PID and should be avoided. Increasing fluid intake does not help alleviate the client's condition.
A nurse is reviewing the history of a woman diagnosed with pelvic organ prolapse. Which factor in the woman's history would the nurse identify as increasing the woman's risk for this condition? Select all that apply. -Delivery of first child at age 18 years -History of four term pregnancies -Hysterectomy 3 years ago -Body mass index of 20.2
-Delivery of first child at age 18 years -Hysterectomy 3 years ago -History of four term pregnancies Explanation: Risk factors associated with pelvic organ prolapse include reproductive surgery such as hysterectomy, multiparity, young age at first birth, and a history of increased abdominal pressure such as from straining due to chronic constipation, and obesity. A body mass index of 25 or more is considered obese. Diarrhea would not be associated with increased abdominal pressure.
A nurse is conducting an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) awareness program for women. Which instructions should the nurse include in the teaching plan to empower women to develop control over their lives in a practical manner so that they can prevent becoming infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)? Select all that apply. -Encourage women to lead a healthy lifestyle. -Support youth-development activities to reduce sexual risk-taking. -Give opportunities to practice negotiation techniques. -Encourage women to use female condoms. -Encourage women to develop refusal skills.
-Give opportunities to practice negotiation techniques. -Encourage women to develop refusal skills. -Encourage women to use female condoms. Explanation: The nurse should give opportunities to practice negotiation techniques and encourage women to develop refusal skills so that they can respond positively in situations where they might be at risk for HIV infection. To reduce risk of HIV infection, the nurse should encourage the use of female condoms. Supporting youth-development activities to reduce sexual risk-taking and identifying or encouraging women to lead a healthy lifestyle may not be effective enough in empowering women to develop control over their lives.
A client reports genital ulcers and a diagnosis of syphilis. Which nursing interventions should the nurse implement when caring for the client? Select all that apply. -Instruct the client to wash her hands with soap and water after touching lesions. -Suggest the client apply ice packs to the genital area for comfort. -Instruct the client to wear nonconstricting, comfortable clothes. -Instruct the client to abstain from sex during the latency period. -Have the client urinate in water if urination is painful.
-Have the client urinate in water if urination is painful. -Instruct the client to wash her hands with soap and water after touching lesions. -Instruct the client to wear nonconstricting, comfortable clothes. Explanation: The nurse should instruct the client to wear nonconstricting clothes and to wash her hands with soap and water after touching lesions to avoid autoinoculation. If urination is painful because of the ulcers, instruct the client to urinate in water but to avoid extremes of temperature such as ice packs or hot pads to the genital area. The client should abstain from intercourse during the prodromal period and when lesions are present. The ulcer disappears during the latency period.
A nurse is reviewing the history and physical examination of a 30-year-old female client. Which findings would lead the nurse to suspect polycystic ovary syndrome? Select all that apply. -Irregular menstrual cycles -Triglyceride level of 120 mg/dL (1.36 mmol/L) -History of sleep apnea -Body mass index of 22 -Hair growth on face, neck and back
-History of sleep apnea -Irregular menstrual cycles -Hair growth on face, neck and back Explanation: Polycystic ovary syndrome is associated with obesity, hyperinsulinemia, elevated luteinizing hormone levels (linked to ovulation), elevated androgen levels (virilization), hirsutism (male-pattern hair growth), obstructive sleep apnea, follicular atresia (ovarian growth failure), ovarian growth and cyst formation, anovulation (failure to ovulate), infertility, type 2 diabetes, sleep apnea, amenorrhea (absence of menstruation or irregular periods), metabolic syndrome, which is characterized by abdominal obesity (waist circumference greater than 35 in/89 cm), dyslipidemia (triglyceride level greater than 150 mg/dL (1.69 mmol/L), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level less than 50 mg/dL/1.29 mmol/L), elevated blood pressure, a proinflammatory state characterized by an elevated C-reactive protein level, and a prothrombotic state characterized by elevated PAI-1 and fibrinogen levels.
The nurse is teaching a client who has several risk factors for developing pelvic organ prolapse (POP) about the importance of dietary and lifestyle modifications in helping to prevent this disorder. Which suggestions should the nurse include in her teaching? Select all that apply. -Give up smoking. -Avoid lifting heavy objects. -Achieve ideal weight. -Avoid standing as much as possible. -Increase daily fluids. -Increase daily fiber.
-Increase daily fiber. -Increase daily fluids. -Achieve ideal weight. -Avoid lifting heavy objects. -Give up smoking. Explanation: The nurse should instruct the client to increase daily fiber and fluid intake. These two things in combination will alleviate constipation by increasing stool bulk and stimulating peristalsis. Achieving ideal weight will reduce intra-abdominal pressure on pelvic organs. Avoiding lifting heavy objects will reduce the risk of increasing intra-abdominal pressure as well. By not smoking, the client will minimize the risk of developing a chronic "smoker's" cough, which tends to increase intra-abdominal pressure. Standing has no effect on predisposing someone to developing a POP.
A nurse is caring for a female client who is undergoing treatment for genital warts due to human papillomavirus (HPV). Which information should the nurse include when educating the client about the risk of cervical cancer? Select all that apply. -Use of broad-spectrum antibiotics increases risk of cervical cancer. -Recurrence of genital warts increases risk of cervical cancer. -Obtaining a Papanicolaou test routinely helps early detection of cervical cancer. -Abnormal vaginal discharge is a sign of cervical cancer. -Use of latex condoms is associated with a lower rate of cervical cancer.
-Obtaining a Papanicolaou test routinely helps early detection of cervical cancer. -Recurrence of genital warts increases risk of cervical cancer. -Use of latex condoms is associated with a lower rate of cervical cancer. Explanation: When educating the client about cervical cancer, the nurse should inform the client that recurrence of genital warts increases the risk of cervical cancer and that she should obtain routine Papanicolaou testing to detect cervical cancer. Use of latex condoms reduces the risk of cervical cancer. Abnormal vaginal discharge does not necessarily indicate cervical cancer. There is no significant link between use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and increased risk of cervical cancer.
Health clinic nurses are presenting a health fair at a local women's shelter. They are discussing the topic of cervical cancer. Which prevention recommendation(s) should be included? Select all that apply. -Taking steps to prevent sexually transmitted infections (STIs) -Maintaining normal blood pressure and reducing stress -Using an intrauterine device (IUD) for contraception -Quitting smoking and prohibiting of alcohol -consumption -Refraining from sexual activity in the early adolescent years
-Quitting smoking and prohibiting of alcohol consumption -Taking steps to prevent sexually transmitted infections (STIs) -Refraining from sexual activity in the early adolescent years Explanation: High-risk behaviors associated with cervical cancer include sexual activity in the early adolescent years, use of contraception barriers, contracting an STI, and smoking and drinking. Avoidance of these activities, along with obtaining the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, is the primary prevention method for cervical cancer. Barrier methods, not IUDs, should be used because of their ability to limit exposure to STIs. Avoiding high blood pressure and stress will not prevent cancer.
The client is single, admits to not using condoms during sexual intercourse, and has had multiple partners over the past year. Which symptoms would alert the nurse to a possible gonorrheal infection? Select all that apply. -abnormal vaginal discharge -abnormal uterine bleeding -nonpalpable lymph nodes -mild sore throat -dysuria
-dysuria -abnormal uterine bleeding -mild sore throat -abnormal vaginal discharge Explanation: Assessment findings for gonorrhea may include: abnormal vaginal discharge, dysuria, abnormal vaginal bleeding, enlarged lymph nodes locally, PID, mild sore throat (for pharyngeal gonorrhea), and rectal infection (itching, soreness, bleeding, discharge).
A nurse is preparing a presentation for a group of middle-aged and older adult women in the community about urinary incontinence. The nurse is planning to address the reasons why many women are reluctant to talk about this issue. Which issues would the nurse likely address? Select all that apply. -Urinary incontinence is a normal part of aging. -Urinary incontinence is part of being a woman. -Urinary incontinence can be treated in several ways. -Urinary incontinence is not treatable. -Urinary incontinence is more a hygiene problem than a medical one.
-Urinary incontinence is not treatable. -Urinary incontinence is a normal part of aging. -Urinary incontinence is part of being a woman. -Urinary incontinence is more a hygiene problem than a medical one. Explanation: Despite the considerable impact of incontinence on quality of life, many women are unlikely to bring up the subject of their lack of bladder control and very few women seek help or treatment for incontinence concerns. There are several possible explanations for why clients do not talk about their bladder control issues. The client may feel that urinary incontinence is inevitable and not amenable to treatment, may feel that urinary incontinence is a "normal" part of aging, and/or may believe that urinary incontinence is part of being "female." Women tend to accept urinary symptoms such as urinary incontinence more so than men, may feel embarrassment and try to deny that it is a real problem, and/or may think that the only treatment option is surgical. The client may also consider urinary incontinence a hygiene problem and not a medical condition.
A perimenopausal woman reports experiencing increasing discomforts with intercourse and problems with lubrication. What information should the nurse include in the information provided to the client? Select all that apply. -This dryness is likely caused by an infection. -The loss of lubrication is associated with falling calcium levels in the perimenopausal woman. -Falling estrogen levels cause these vaginal changes and associated dryness. -Water-soluble lubricants can be used to reduce the dryness. -The decline in progesterone levels as the woman's body nears menopause results in a loss of lubrication.
-Water-soluble lubricants can be used to reduce the dryness. -Falling estrogen levels cause these vaginal changes and associated dryness. Explanation: As the woman's body nears and enters menopause the estrogen levels fall. This decline in estrogen levels impacts the vagina. The vaginal walls begin to atrophy and there is a loss of lubrication. This results in dyspareunia (painful intercourse). Progesterone levels do not impact vaginal lubrication. Progesterone has a role in the regulation of menstruation. Water-soluble lubricants can be beneficial for intercourse and reduce the discomfort. Although the levels of serum calcium may be lessened in menopause, this is not associated with the sexual discomforts being described. There are no symptoms that support the presence of an infection.
Which medications are appropriate to treat chlamydia trachomatis? Select all that apply. - acyclovir - valacyclovir - ofloxacin - doxycycline - azithromycin
-azithromycin -ofloxacin -doxycycline Explanation: Chlamydia trachomatis is a bacterial infection and treatable with azithromycin, doxycycline, erythromycin, and ofloxacin antibiotics.
A client has presented to the clinic reporting "things not feeling right down there." After discussing the situation with her, the nurse has identified which factors that suggest the woman has a high risk for pelvic organ prolapse? Select all that apply. -older age for first birth -obesity -straining with chronic constipation -birth trauma
-birth trauma -straining with chronic constipation -obesity Explanation: Factors associated with pelvic organ prolapse include birth trauma, young age at first birth, increased abdominal pressure secondary to straining with chronic constipation, obesity, and infant birth weight above 4,500 grams.
A nurse is assisting with a pelvic exam on a client who is suspected of having trichomoniasis. Which findings would the nurse note as helping to confirm this diagnosis? Select all that apply. -cervical petechiae -cervical bleeding when touched -enlarged lymph nodes locally -curd-like discharge in the vagina -vaginal erythema
-cervical bleeding when touched -cervical petechiae -vaginal erythema Explanation: With trichomoniasis, findings include cervical bleeding on contact, cervical petechiae, and vaginal or vulvar erythema. Curdlike vaginal discharge is associated with candidiasis. Locally enlarged lymph nodes are associated with gonorrhea.
A nurse is teaching a group of pregnant young women about sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and the possible effects that may occur in the fetus or newborn. Which STIs would the nurse describe as being transmitted to the newborn during birth? Select all that apply. -chlamydia -genital herpes -gonorrhea -HIV -syphilis
-chlamydia -gonorrhea -genital herpes -HIV Explanation: Chlamydia, gonorrhea, and genital herpes can be transmitted to the fetus/newborn during birth. An infected mother can transmit HIV infection to her newborn before or during birth and through breastfeeding. Syphilis can be transmitted to the fetus while in utero.
A client is diagnosed with bacterial vaginosis and is prescribed medication therapy. The nurse would anticipate which drugs as being prescribed? Select all that apply. -doxycycline -azithromycin -clindamycin -penicillin G -metronidazole
-clindamycin -metronidazole Explanation: Clindamycin or metronidazole is used to treat bacterial vaginosis. Penicillin G may be used to treat syphilis. Doxycycline or azithromycin is used to treat chlamydia.
A nurse educator is teaching a client about sexually transmitted infections. The client would learn that which medications are appropriate to treat chlamydia? Select all that apply. -ceftriaxone -doxycycline -azithromycin -acyclovir -metronidazole
-doxycycline -azithromycin -ceftriaxone Explanation: Antibiotics are usually used in treating this STI. The CDC treatment options for chlamydia include doxycycline or azithromycin. Because of the common co-infection of chlamydia and gonorrhea, a combination regimen of ceftriaxone with doxycycline or azithromycin is prescribed frequently.
A woman is to receive tolterodine as part of her treatment plan for urge incontinence. The nurse instructs the woman to be alert for the possibility of which side effects? Select all that apply. -diarrhea -nausea -dry mouth -dizziness -blurred vision
-dry mouth -blurred vision -nausea -dizziness Explanation: Tolterodine is an anticholinergic agent that commonly causes dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, nausea, dizziness, and headache.
A client is diagnosed with pediculosis infection. When teaching the client about measures to treat and minimize the transmission, which measures would the nurse include? Select all that apply. -thoroughly shampooing all rugs and upholstery with hot soapy water -not sharing any personal items with others -following the manufacturer's instructions for the medication -washing all clothes and bed linens in warm water -removing any nits with a fine toothed comb
-following the manufacturer's instructions -for the medication -not sharing any personal items with others -removing any nits with a fine toothed comb Explanation: For a pediculosis infection, the nurse would teach the client to use medication according to the manufacturer's instructions; remove nits with a fine-toothed nit comb; not share any personal items with others or accept items from others; treat objects, clothing, and bedding and wash them in hot water; and meticulously vacuum carpets to prevent a recurrence of infestation.
A nurse is assessing a client who comes to the clinic reporting urinary incontinence. The nurse suspects that the client may be experiencing urge incontinence based on which findings? Select all that apply. -frequency -nocturia -burning when urinating -pain on urination -small volume of urine leakage
-frequency -nocturia Explanation: Urge incontinence is characterized by urgency, frequency, nocturia, and a large amount of urine loss. There is no pain or burning.
A nurse is teaching a client with urinary incontinence about fluid intake and the need to reduce fluids that may act as bladder irritants. The nurse determines that the teaching was effective when the client states she should avoid which fluids? Select all that apply. -hot chocolate -soft drinks -iced tea -orange juice -apple juice
-iced tea -hot chocolate -orange juice -soft drinks Explanation: The client should reduce intake of fluids and foods that are bladder irritants and precipitate urgency, such as chocolate, caffeine, sodas, alcohol, artificial sweetener, hot spicy foods, orange juice, tomatoes, and watermelon.
A nurse is providing care to a female client just diagnosed with cervical cancer. When developing this client's plan of care, the nurse would focus interventions on which client needs as the priority at this time? Select all that apply. -risk reduction -emotional support -pharmacologic treatment -information -physiologic care
-information -emotional support Explanation: Physiologic care, pharmacologic treatment and risk reduction are important areas of concern for a woman diagnosed with a reproductive tract cancer. However, when a woman is first diagnosed with a reproductive tract cancer, two primary needs arise: information and emotional support. When the diagnosis is made, the woman typically has many questions, such as, "What is going to happen to me?", "How will this change my life?", and "Will I survive?" Nurses can play a major role in helping women find the answers to their questions and directing them to the resources they need. The nurse also plays a key role in offering emotional support, determining appropriate sources of support, and helping the woman use effective coping strategies.
A nurse is conducting a session on education about cancers of the reproductive tract and is explaining the importance of visiting a health care professional if certain unusual symptoms appear. Which symptoms that merit a visit to a health care professional for further evaluation should the nurse discuss? Select all that apply. - increase in urinary frequency - irregular vaginal bleeding - irregular bowel movements - elevated or discolored vulvar lesions - persistent low backache not related to standing
-irregular vaginal bleeding -persistent low backache not related to standing -elevated or discolored vulvar lesions Explanation: Irregular vaginal bleeding, persistent low backache not related to standing, and elevated or discolored vulvar lesions are some of the symptoms that should be immediately brought to the notice of the primary health care provider. Increase in urinary frequency and irregular bowel movements are not symptoms related to cancers of the reproductive tract.
A nurse is conducting an assessment of a client who is suspected of having pelvic inflammatory disease. Which finding would the nurse identify as mandatory for the diagnosis to be made? Select all that apply. -adnexal tenderness -cervical motion tenderness -mucopurulent vaginal discharge -lower abdominal tenderness -oral temperature above 101 degrees F (38.3 degrees C)
-lower abdominal tenderness -adnexal tenderness -cervical motion tenderness Explanation: To reduce the risk of missed diagnosis, the CDC has established criteria for the diagnosis of PID. Minimal criteria (all must be present) are lower abdominal tenderness, adnexal tenderness, and cervical motion tenderness. Additional supportive criteria that support a diagnosis of PID include abnormal cervical or vaginal mucopurulent discharge and oral temperature above 101° F (38.3° C)
The nursing student correctly identifies vaginal cancer as one of the rarest forms of genital cancers. It is mostly asymptomatic, which makes the diagnosis even harder. What does she identify to be symptoms of this disease? Select all that apply. -pelvic pain -painless vaginal bleeding -painful vaginal bleeding -constipation -abnormal vaginal discharge -dysuria
-painless vaginal bleeding -abnormal vaginal discharge -dysuria -constipation -pelvic pain Explanation: Most women with vaginal cancer are asymptomatic. Those with symptoms have painless vaginal bleeding, abnormal vaginal discharge, dysuria, constipation, and pelvic pain.
A nurse is preparing a presentation for a local women's group about pelvic floor disorders. When describing these disorders, the nurse would address which factors as placing the woman at increased risk? Select all that apply. -pregnancy -chronic smoker's cough -estrogen deficiency -straining on defecation -cesarean birth
-pregnancy -straining on defecation -estrogen deficiency -chronic smoker's cough Explanation: These disorders occur as a result of weakness of the connective tissue and muscular support of pelvic organs due to a number of factors: pregnancy, vaginal birth, obesity, lifting, chronic cough from smoking, straining at defecation secondary to constipation, radiation to the pelvis for cancer, and estrogen deficiency.
A nurse is teaching a local community group about STIs. When discussing syphilis, the nurse would identify which stages as being most infectious? Select all that apply. -late latent -early latent -secondary -primary -tertiary
-primary -secondary -early latent Explanation: If untreated, syphilis is a lifelong infection progressing in orderly staging. The five stages of syphilis infection are (1) primary, (2) secondary, (3) early latent, (4) late latent, and (5) tertiary. The primary, secondary, and early latent stages are considered the most infectious: the estimated risk of per person transmission is 60%.
A nurse is working as part of a group of health care providers implementing a community health initiative for primary prevention of cervical cancer. The nurse would focus educational efforts on which areas? Select all that apply. -pelvic rest after surgery -steps to prevent sexually transmitted infections (STIs) -consistent use of barrier contraceptives -early treatment for abnormal Papanicolaou test -immunization with the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine
-steps to prevent sexually transmitted infections (STIs) -consistent use of barrier contraceptives -immunization with the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine Explanation: Primary prevention strategies include taking steps to prevent STIs, faithfully using barrier methods of contraceptives, and receiving the HPV vaccine. Secondary prevention focuses on reducing or limiting the area of cervical dysplasia, such as with early treatment of an abnormal Papanicolaou test. Pelvic rest would be appropriate as a tertiary prevention strategy which focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of confirmed cases of cancer.
A nurse is preparing a teaching plan for a woman diagnosed with urge incontinence. The nurse would include instructions about avoiding which foods? Select all that apply. -apples -watermelon -spinach -tomatoes -chocolate
-tomatoes -watermelon -chocolate Explanation: The client should reduce intake of fluids and foods that are bladder irritants and precipitate urgency, such as chocolate, caffeine, sodas, alcohol, artificial sweetener, hot spicy foods, orange juice, tomatoes, and watermelon.
A nurse is reviewing the history and physical examination of a client diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Which factors would the nurse most likely find? Select all that apply. -obesity -obstructive sleep apnea -type 1 diabetes -metrorrhagia -virilization
-virilization -obstructive sleep apnea -obesity Explanation: PCOS is associated with obesity, hyperinsulinemia, elevated luteinizing hormone levels (linked to ovulation), elevated androgen levels (virilization), hirsutism (male-pattern hair growth), obstructive sleep apnea, follicular atresia (ovarian growth failure), ovarian growth and cyst formation, anovulation (failure to ovulate), infertility, type 2 diabetes, sleep apnea, amenorrhea (absence of menstruation or irregular periods), metabolic syndrome, which is characterized by abdominal obesity (waist circumference >35 inches), dyslipidemia (triglyceride level >150 mg/dL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level <50 mg/dL), elevated blood pressure, a pro-inflammatory state characterized by an elevated C-reactive protein level, and a prothrombotic state characterized by elevated PAI-1 and fibrinogen levels.
In preparing a talk about sexually transmitted infections (STIs) of chlamydia and gonorrhea for high school students, the nurse should emphasize which group as being at high risk? Select all that apply. -persons using consistent barrier protection -women under the age of 25 years -individuals with multiple sex partners -women who are single -persons with a lack of personal hygiene
-women under the age of 25 years -individuals with multiple sex partners -women who are single Explanation: High-risk groups include single women, women younger than 25 years, black women, women with a history of STIs, those with new or multiple sex partners, those with inconsistent use of barrier contraception, and women living in communities with high infection rates. Lack of personal hygiene is not considered a risk factor for STIs.