OB/GYN Review Ch-15-19

The space of Retzius is located:

Between the bladder and pubic bone

A 24 yo female patient presents to the sonography department for a pelvic sonogram with an indication of pelvic pain. Upon sonographic interrogation, the sonographer notes an anechoic mass within the vagina. This mass most likely represents a:

Gartner duct cyst

What is considered the most dependent part of the peritoneal cavity?

Pouch of Douglas

The invasion endometrial tissue into the myometrium of the uterus is referred to as:

adenomyosis

Which of the following is typically NOT a clinical complaint of women who are suffering from adenomyosis? a. amenorrhea b. dysmenorrhea c. dyspareunia d. menometrorrhagia

amenorrhea

absence of a menstruation is termed

amenorrhea

What term describes the echogenicity of a simple ovarian cyst?

anechoic

The uterine position in which the corpus tilts forward and comes in contact with the cervix describes: A) Anteflexion B) Anteversion C) Retroflexion D) Retroversion

anteflexion

the peripheral arteries of the uterus are the:

arcuate arteries

Pelvic muscles appear:

hypoechoic

prolapse of the pelvic organs most often involves:

levator ani and coccygeus muscles

The pelvic muscle group that is located between the coccyx and the pubis is the:

levator ani muscles

The true pelvis is delineated from the false pelvis by the:

linea terminalis

What is defined as abnormally heavy menstrual flow?

menorrhagia

What is defined as intermenstrual bleeding?

metrorrhagia

What is best described as an artifact that is produced by a strong reflector and results in a copy of the anatomy being placed deeper than the correct location?

mirror image

All of the following are clinical findings associated with leiomyoma except: a. myometrial cyst b. infertility c. palpable pelvic mass d. menorrhagia

myometrial cyst

The muscle located lateral to the ovaries is the

obturator internus muscle

The ovary is supplied blood by the:

ovarian and uterine artery

Another name for the rectouterine pouch is the:

Pouch of Douglas

Fluid noted posterior to the uterus would most likely be located within the: a) Space of Retzius b) Pouch of Douglas c) Anterior cul-de-sac d) Adnexa

Pouch of Douglas

Which of the following would typically not be associated with amenorrhea? a. asherman syndrome b. polycystic ovarian disease c. pregnancy d. adenomyosis

adenomyosis

What term relates to the number of pregnancies a patient has had?

gravida

A 13 yo girl presents to the sonography department with a history of cyclic pain, abdominal swelling, and amenorrhea. Sonographically, you visualize an enlarged uterus and a distended vagina that contains anechoic fluid with debris. What is the most likely diagnosis? a. cervical stenosis b. adenomyosis c. endometrosis d. hematocolpos

hematocolpos

What laboratory value would be most useful to evaluate in a patient with suspected internal hemorrhage?

hematocrit

The paired muscles that are located lateral to the uterus and anterior to the iliac crest are the:

iliopsoas muscles

The "S" in the STAR criteria stands for:

smooth walls

congenital malformation of the uterus that results in complete duplication of the genital tract is

uterus didelphys

Fluid noted anterior to the uterus would most likely be located within the

vesicouterine pouch

normal ovarian flow is said to be:

High resistant during menstruation and low resistant at the time of ovulation

the malignant ovarian tumor with gastrointestinal origin is the:

Krukenberg tumor

what ovarian tumor will most likely have a moth eaten appearance on sonography?

Krukenberg tumor

What is the most common malignancy of the ovary?

Serous cystadenocarcinoma

the longest and most tortuous segment of the fallopian tube is the:

ampulla

the segment of the fallopian where fertilization typically occurs is the:

ampulla

which of the following sonographic findings would NOT increase the likelihood of an ovarian malignancy? a. septation measuring >3mm in thickness b. irregular borders c. solid wall nodule d. anechoic components with acoustic enhancement

anechoic components with acoustic enhancement

The right ovarian artery branches off of the:

aorta

the outer layer of the endometrium is the

basal layer

The pelvic ligament that extends from the lateral aspect of the uterus to the side walls of the pelvis is the:

broad ligament

The sonographic pelvic examination of a female patient reveals an extensive amount of ascites. In the transverse plane, you visulaize two echogenic structures extending from the side walls of the uterus to the pelvic side walls bilaterally. These structures are most likely the:

broad ligaments

the ligament that houses the vasculature of the uterus is the

cardinal ligament

the rigid region of the uterus located between the vagina and the isthmus is the

cervix

hairlike projections within the fallopian tube are called:

cilia

The abdominal aorta bifurcates into the:

common iliac arteries

after the graafian follicle ruptures, the remaining structure is termed the:

corpus luteum

the cystic mass commonly noted with a pregnancy is the:

corpus luteum cyst

the most common benign ovarian tumor is the:

cystic teratoma

Pelvic bones, when visualized on sonography, will appear

dark

the ovarian mass that contains fat, sebum, and teeth is:

dermoid

The ovarian tumor associated with an elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase is the: A) Dysgerminoma B) Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor C) Androblastoma D) Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma

dysgerminoma

what is a tumor of ectopic endometrial tissue?

endometrioma

what is referred to as a chocolate cyst?

endometrioma

the inner mucosal lining of the uterus is the

endometrium

sonographically, which of the following would most likely be confused for a pedunculated fibroid tumor because of its solid appearing structure? a. serous cystadenoma b. mucinous cystadeoma c. fibroma d. theca lutein cyst

fibroma

with what ovarian tumor is Meigs syndrome most likely associated?

fibroma

the fingerlike extensions of the fallopian tube are called:

fimbria

The most Superior and widest portion of the uterus

fundus

the dominant follicle prior to ovulation is termed the:

graafian follicle

Blood within the fallopian tube is termed

hematosalpinx

What is defined as regularly timed menses by light flow?

hypomenorrhea

the most distal part of the fallopian tube is the:

infundibulum

The location of a fibroid within the myometrium is termed: A) Submucosal B) Intracavitary C) Subserosal D) Intramural

intramural

the short and narrow segment of the fallopian tube distal to the interstitial segment is the:

isthmus

The left ovarian vein drains directly into the?

left renal vein

what is the formula for calculating ovarian volume?

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abnormally heavy and prolonged menstrual flow between periods is termed

menometrorrhagia

an endometrioma most likely appears as a:

mostly cystic mass with low-level echoes

the malignant ovarian mass that is associated with pseuidomyxoma perionei is the:

mucinous cystadenocarcinoma

the inner layer of the wall of the fallopian tube is the:

mucosal layer

the surgical removal of a fibroid is termed

myomectomy

what would be a predisposing condition that would increase the risk for suffering from ovarian torsion? a. hirsutism b. excessive exercise c. ovarian mass d. sonohysterography

ovarian mass

A 24 yo female patient presents to the emergency department with severe RLQ pain, nausea, and vomiting. The sonographic exam reveals an enlarged ovary with no detectable Doppler signal. What is the most likely diagnosis? a. ovarian cystadenocarcinoma b. cystic teratoma c. ovarian torsion d. endometriosis

ovarian torsion

what is associated with the "whirlpool sign"?

ovarian torsion

The bilateral muscles that are located posterior to and extend from the sacrum to the femoral greater trochanter are the:

piriformis muscles

Malignant ovarian tumors may leak mucinous material, and this condition is known as:

pseudomyxoma peritonei

pus within the fallopian tube is termed:

pyosalpinx

what substance does hysterosalpingograpy utilize for the viszuliazation of the uterine cavity and fallopian tubes?

radiographic contrast

which of the following would be most indicative of a leiomyosarcoma? a. vaginal bleeding b. rapid growth c. dysuria d. large hypoechoic mass

rapid growth

what congenital malformation of the uterus is common and has a clear association with an increased risk for spontaneous abortion? a. anteflexed uterus b. levoverted uterus c. dextroverted uterus d. septate uterus

septate uterus

55 year old patient presents with hx of pelvic pressure, abdominal swelling, and abnormal uterine bleeding. Pelvic sonogram reveals a large, multiloculated cystic mass with papillary projections. What is the most likely diagnosis? a. serous cystadenocarcinoma b. cystic teratoma c. androblastoma d. dysgerminoma

serous cystaenocarcinoma

what ovarian mass is associated with virilization?

sertoli-leydig cell tumor

The breast cancer drug that inhibits the effects of estrogen in the breast is?

tamoxifen

the ovarian cyst associated with gestational trophoblastic disease is the:

theca lutein cyst

the ovarian cysts that are most often bilateral and are associated with markedly elevated levels of hCG are the:

theca lutein cysts

which of the following is an estrogen-producing ovarian tumor? a. cystic teratoma b. fibroma c. thecoma d. endometrioma

thecoma

the sonographic appearance of an ovarian dermoid tumor in which only the anterior elements of the mass can be seen, while the greater part of the mass is obscured by shadowing is consistent with:

tip of the iceburg sign

The urinary bladder, uterus, and ovaries are located within:

true pelvis

The anterior cul-de-sac is also referred to as the:

vesicouterine space

When does the centers for disease control recommend that alcohol-based handrub not be used by the sonographer?

when your hands are visibly soiled

a patient with an ovarian mass presents with an elevated serum AFP. which of the following would be the most likely? a. ovarian fibroma b. ovarian thecoma c. cystic teratoma d. yolk sac tumor

yolk sac tumor

What is defined as excessive hair growth in women in area where hair growth is normally negligible?

hirsutism

A simple fluid accumulation within the vagina secondary to an imperforate hymen is: a. hydrometrocolpos b. hydrocolpos c. hematometra d. hematocolpos

hydrocolpos

Anechoic fluid noted distending the uterus and cervix within a pediatric patient is termed

hydrometrocolpos

During a pelvic sonogram you visualize a small cyst located adjacent to the ovary. What is the most likely etiology of this cyst?

paraovaian cyst

all of the following adnexal masses may appear sonographically similar to a uterine leiomyoma except: a. thecoma b. paraovarian cyst c. fibroma d. granulosa cell tumor

paraovarian cyst

what leiomyoma location would have an increased risk to undergo torsion?

pedunculated

What other term is used to describe the space of Retzius?

retropubic space

What artifact could be noted emanating from air or gas within the endometrium in a patient with endometriosis?

ring-down

What artifact would be seen posterior to a tooth within a cystic teratoma?

shadowing

What is defined as pain during intercourse

dyspareunia

What Doppler artifact occurs when the Doppler sampling rate is not high enough to display the Doppler shift frequency?

aliasing

difficult or painful intercourse is referred as

dyspareunia

the layer of the endometrium that is significantly altered as a result of hormonal stimulation during the menstrual cycle is the:

functional layer

The vagina is located _____ to the uterus

inferior

The uterine artery branches off of the:

internal iliac artery

Having the same echogenicity means:

isoechoic

Amenorrhea is defined as?

lack of menstrual flow

What laboratory test may be used as a tumor marker for an ovarian dysgerminoma?

lactate dehydrogenase

Which of the following most often leads to an elevation of CA-125? a. ovarian carcinoma b. Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome c. ovarian torsion d. ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome

ovarian carinoma

Which of the following would be the least likely to cause abdominal distention? a. ascites b. multiple leiomyoma c. ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome d. polycystic ovarian disease

polycystic ovarian disease

Which vessels supply blood to the deeper layers of the myometrium?

radial arteries

All of the following are sonographic findings consistent with adenomyosis except: a. diffuse, enlarged uterus b. myometrial cysts c. hypoechoic areas adjacent to the endometrium d. complex adnexal mass

complex adnexal mass

what section of the uterus is also referred to as the lower uterine segment?

isthmus

A patient presents to the sonography department for a pelvic sonogram with a history of adenomyosis that was diagnosed following an MRI of the pelvis. What are the most likely sonographic findings?

myometrial cysts with enlargement of the posterior uterine wall

The pelvic ligament that provides support to the ovary and extends from the lateral surface of the ovary to the uterus is the: A) Cardinal ligament B) Ovarian ligament C) Broad ligament D) Suspensory ligament of the ovary

ovarian ligament

Which of the following would most likely be associated with hirsutism? a. polycystic ovary syndrome b. Meigs syndrome c. adenomyosis d. adenomyomatosis

polycystic ovary syndrome

The muscles that may be confused with the ovaries on a pelvic sonogram include:

rectus abdominis and obturator internus muscles

Which of the following are the paired anterior abdominal muscles that etend from the xiphoid process of the sternum to the pubic bone? a. iliopsoas muscles b. rectus abdominis muscles c. obturator interni muscles d. piriformis muscles

rectus abdominis muscles

which of the following would be considered the more common uterine anomaly? a. bicornis univernus b. bicornis bicollis c. uterus didelphys d. septate uterus

septate uterus

The arteries that directly supply blood to the functional layer of the endometrium are the:

spiral arteries

which of the following fibroid locations would most likely result in abnormal uterine bleeding because of its relationship to the endometrium? a. submucosal b. intramural c. subserosal d. subserosal pedunculated

submucosal

Upon sonographic evaluation of a patient complaining of abnormal distention, you visualize a large, hypoechoic mass distorting the anterior border of the uterus. What is the most likely location of this mass?

subserosal

The pelvic ligament that provides support to the ovary to the pelvic side wall is the:

suspensory ligament of the ovary

What is the adnexa defined as?

the area located posterior to the broad ligaments and adjacent to the uterus

The right ovarian vein drains directly into the:

IVC

The innominate bones of the pelvis consist of:

Ischium, ilium, and pubic bones

Peritoneal spaces located posterior to the broad ligament are referred as the:

adnexa

All of the following are associated with acute pelivc pain except: a. pelvic inflammatory disease b. ruptured ovarian hemorrhagic cyst c. perforated intrauterine contraceptive device d. asherman syndrome

asherman syndrome

the largest part of the uterus is the

corpus

the inferior portion of the cervix closest to the vagina is the

external os

the superior portion of the cervix is the

internal os

The uterine arteries supply blood to all the the following except: a. fallopian tubes b. rectum c. ovaries d. uterus

rectum

What structure within the female pelvis lies posterior to the urinary bladder and anterior to the rectum?

uterus

What is defined as difficult or painful menstruation?

dysmenorrhea

What abnormality results from the ovary twisting on its mesenteric connection?

ovarian torsion

Pelvic bones, when visualized on sonography, will produce

posterior shadowing

Both straight and spiral arteries are branches of the?

radial artery