OB/PEDS 15,16,17,18

A newborn infant will typically lose 5-_______ % of his or her birth weight by day 3 or 4.

10%

Which is the appropriate caloric requirement per unit of body weight for toddlers?

100 calories/kg per day

For how many weeks will the infant experience passive immunity from his or her mother?

12 weeks

The nurse finds that a child in the pediatric unit uses symbolic language such as "bye-bye." What is the likely approximate age of the child?

16 to 18 months

The preschool nurse is performing a communication assessment between a child and parent in the play area. Which statement by the father would the nurse discuss following the assessment?

"Be careful, you might fall off the tricycle."

A parent of a 2-year-old reports to the nurse, "My child often throws temper tantrums and does not follow my instructions." What should the nurse suggest to the parent?

"Give the toddler a time-out period." "Reward the toddler for good behavior." "Check if the child exhibits normal age-appropriate behavior."

The mother of a toddler tells the nurse, "My child isn't interested in eating anything that I give her." Which is the best suggestion by the nurse?

"Give your child food in an attractive dish."

The nurse is explaining the time-out period technique to a mother of a 5-year-old. Which statement by the mother indicates the need for additional teaching?

"I should keep my child in her room during the time-out period."

The nurse is teaching a toddler's parent about car safety measures. Which statement by the parent indicates the need for further teaching?

"I should place my toddler's car seat beside the driver's seat."

The nurse is observing a 4-year-old child interact with a family member. The nurse finds that the child is displaying animistic thinking. Which statement by the child enabled the nurse to make such a conclusion?

"My television is not working because he is sick."

A mother verbalizes concern that her second-born son is reaching milestones but not as quickly as her first-born child. What would the nurse's best response be?

"Norms can vary greatly for the individual child."

While evaluating a parent-teaching program the nurse asks, "What are the measures to be taken to prevent burns in children?" Which responses by the parents indicate effective teaching?

"Teach the child the meaning of 'hot.'" "Keep cooking appliances out of reach." "Mark the child's room to alert firefighters."

Which statement by a parent to the child indicates a positive approach and will likely limit aggressive behavior?

"Thank you for keeping the tricycle inside."

The nurse is teaching toilet training strategies to a group of parents. Which statement by the parent indicates the need for further teaching?

"The child should achieve voluntary control over the anal sphincter by 12 to 18 months."

A worried parent of a 3-year-old reports to the nurse, "Some days my son eats only twice a day, but other days he eats five times a day." Which is the best response by the nurse in this situation?

"You shouldn't worry because this is normal at this age."

A 9-month-old infant starts crying when the nurse takes him to sit on the exam table. The mother seems upset and states, "My baby knows that you will be doing something that hurts." What is the best response by the nurse?

"Your baby is scared to be away from you. I will let you provide further comfort when I am done."

Which guideline should parents of a toddler follow when determining portion sizes per meal?

1 tbsp of food per year of age

Which age group of children is at the highest risk for anemia?

1 to 3 years

At what age do toddlers usually recognize sexual differences?

24 months

The nurse finds that the child's birth weight was 3 kg (6.6 lb). What would be the approximate weight of the child at 2.5 years in lb? Record your answer to the nearest pound. _________ lbs

26 The birth weight of a child should quadruple by the age of 2.5 years. A toddler generally gains 1.8 to 2.7 kg (4 to 6 lb) per year. Therefore the approximate weight of the child would be 12 kg (26.4 lb). 26.4 lb would be rounded down to 26 lb.

Which length of time is appropriate when giving a time-out to a 3-year-old toddler?

3 mins

Which is the appropriate amount of time to use in a time-out period for a 4-year-old child?

4 mins

What age range is considered infancy?

4 weeks to 1 year of age

A child is 25 pounds at his 1-year well visit. The nurse would expect him to be approximately _____ pounds at his 5-year well visit.

50 should double the 1 yr wt by 5 years

A child is 25 lb at his 1-year well visit. The nurse would expect him to weigh approximately _____ lb at his 5-year well visit.

50 pounds

Protective arm extension that occurs when an infant is suddenly thrust downward when prone is known as the parachute reflex and usually appears by age _________ months.

9 months

A 4-year-old girl is outside playing and tells her father that the "flowers are talking and having a tea party." Which characteristic of the preconceptual stage of cognitive development is being displayed?

Animism

While collecting data on a preschool child, the nurse finds that the child has distorted speech that is difficult to understand. The child's parent says, "I'm the only one who understands what she says." Which classification of language disorder does the child display?

Articulation disorder

What is the cause of most childhood deaths?

Accidents

Which intervention is considered inappropriate when disciplining a preschool child?

Administer spanking for dangerous behaviors

Which instructions would the nurse provide to parents of a toddler who has weak foot muscles?

Allow the toddler to walk barefoot in a safe place.

A parent of a 1.5-year-old child reports to the nurse, "My baby is not waving 'bye-bye' and is not pointing out things." Which conditions would the nurse be concerned about in this child?

Autism Lead poisoning Hearing impairment

Which stage of psychosocial development would the nurse observe in a 3-year-old child, according to Erikson's theory?

Autonomy

According to Erikson, what is the correct stage of development for the toddler?

Autonomy versus shame and doubt

Which toys or activities does the nurse suggest to the parents of a toddler to promote growth and development?

Dancing to music Supervised water play Finger paint and paper

A group of children are observed playing house. Each child is assigned a specific role as mommy, daddy, or child. At what age does this type of play typically begin?

Between 3 and 5 years old

The nurse is assessing the growth and development of a toddler. The nurse finds that the toddler runs, throws a ball, climbs steps, and jumps with both feet. Which cognitive ability may the toddler exhibit?

Can differentiate "likes" and "dislikes"

The nurse instructs the parent of a child with nocturnal enuresis to prevent the overusage of the prescribed imipramine hydrochloride. Which risk is the nurse trying to reduce?

Cardiac dysrhythmias

The therapist instructs a preschool child to arrange similar kind of blocks into different groups during play therapy. The nurse finds that the child considers only the color of the blocks and neglects the shape of the blocks while grouping. Which characteristic feature of the preoperational phase does the nurse observe in the behavior of the child?

Centering

The nurse is teaching parents who want to begin toilet training a 2-year-old toddler. Which is the most important factor that the nurse should emphasize?

Developmental readiness of the toddler

Which is a social behavior exhibited by a child aged 12 to 16 months?

Imitation of playful sounds

Which physical changes would the nurse observe in a healthy 4-year-old child?

Increase in height Good muscle control Eruption of primary teeth

The nurse is caring for a child who is suspected of having autism. Which findings in the child would be consistent with autism?

Lack of spontaneous two-word phrases by 24 months Inability to imitate parent sounds or words by 16 months Loss of social skills achieved in previous developmental stage

What techniques should be used to soothe the irritable infant?

Nonnutritive sucking Swaddling snugly with the hands near the face

What guideline should parents of a toddler follow when feeding solid food?

One tablespoon of food per year of age

What is the most appropriate activity for a 5-year-old child?

Riding a tricycle

Which is the best activity for a 5-year-old child?

Riding a tricycle

Which are organic causes of nocturnal enuresis?

Seizure disorders Diabetes insipidus Urinary tract infection

Which process is associated with organizing assignments and planning activities?

Sequencing

The parents of a toddler report that the child has frequent uncontrolled anger reactions. In which order would the nurse teach the caregiver to perform the problem-resolving measures for controlling the child's anger reactions?

Show disapproval for the undesired behavior. Calm the child's anger. Set a time-out period in a safe place. Praise a change in the child's behavior.

What are the best foods for the nurse to recommend for a 2-year-old child diagnosed with mild constipation?

Shredded wheat and cooked prunes

A group of preschool children sit on chairs they have arranged in two lines to pretend they are riding a bus. What type of play is this an example of?

Symbolic functioning

The nurse is performing a routine health check-up of a 2.5-year-old child. Which findings indicate age-appropriate growth and development in the child?

The child has gained 2.5 kg (5.5 lb) in a year. The child has attained bowel and bladder control. The child's chest circumference has exceeded the abdominal circumference.

The nurse instructs the parent to avoid giving stuffed toys to a 4-year-old child. Which rationale may be the reason for this instruction?

The child may have asthma.

Which observation made by the nurse indicates age-appropriate development of a 2-year old child?

The child says two-word sentences. The child understands object permanence.

Parents of a 2-year-old child verbalize frustration over their child's behavior. They report that he is inconsistent and frequently says no to their requests. What education should the nurse provide at this time?

This is called negativism and is normal behavior.

The parents of a 2-year-old child verbalize frustration over their child's behavior. They report that he is inconsistent and frequently says "no" to their requests. What education should the nurse provide at this time?

This is called negativism and is normal behavior.

The primary health care provider prescribes imipramine hydrochloride to a child. Which is the probable reason for prescribing this medication?

To prevent bed wetting

The parents of a toddler ask the nurse, "How does a day care for toddlers differ from a preschool?" Which are the best responses by the nurse?

Toddlers require closer supervision than preschool-age children." "Toddlers have shorter attention spans than preschool-age children." "Toddlers engage in parallel play, while preschool-age children engage in group play."

Which characteristic features regarding growth and development would be observed in a toddler?

Toilet-training Increased curiosity Speech development

Which milestone would the nurse be most concerned with for a 12-month-old infant during a well-child checkup?

Unable to pull up to a sitting position

Which approach is most important when dealing with a preschooler's sexual curiosity?

Use correct terminology to prevent misunderstanding

Which intervention would be appropriate when dealing with a preschooler's sexual curiosity?

Use correct terminology to prevent misunderstanding.

While collecting data on a 5-year-old child, the nurse finds that the visual acuity of the child is 20/40, respiratory rate is 20 breaths per minute, blood pressure is 90/60 mm Hg, and the pulse rate is 100 beats per minute. Which finding in the child requires further evaluation?

Visual acuity

The nurse is caring for a 5-year-old child who gets confused with letters and has difficulty with basic reading and writing. Which process may help the child overcome this challenge?

Visual analysis

What food might cause botulism if given to an infant?

honey

Which type of play is typical during the initial toddler years?

parallel play

Which characteristics are present in a well-nourished child?

shinny hair regular elimination erect posture

What characteristic of physical development best describes the development of an 8-month-old?

sits steadily alone

Which is the goal of discipline for a toddler?

teaching, not punishing.

The nurse is teaching a group of parents about discipline strategies in toddlers. Which statement by the parents indicates the need for further teaching?

"A toddler should be given time-outs often"

Which instructions would the nurse provide the parents of a toddler and a newborn to prevent sibling rivalry?

Prepare the toddler before the arrival of a new sibling. Spend special individual time with the toddler each day. Provide the toddler with a doll to imitate parental behaviors.

Which characteristics are displayed when a child experiences separation anxiety?

Protest despair detachment

A parent reports to the nurse that the child sleeps excessively during the day, cries excessively at night, and disturbs others while sleeping. Which interventions would the nurse recommend to the parent to promote nighttime sleep in the child?

Provide one nap a day. Provide a favorite blanket. Tell a story during bedtime.

What is the most important nursing intervention to promote a positive hospital experience for a 1-month-old infant?

Provision of consistent caregivers

A 3-year-old child's mother reports that she "seems to understand what is said, but when she wants something just points." What does the nurse suspect this child is displaying?

An expressive language delay

A 4-year-old girl is outside playing and tells her father that the "flowers are talking and having a tea party." This is an example of what?

Animism

Which nursing intervention is most beneficial to a severely ill child who needs bed rest?

Engaging the child in drawing pictures

A mother reports that her 3-year-old child "seems to understand what is said, but when she wants something, she just points." Which classification does the nurse suspect this child is displaying?

Expressive language delay

While collecting data on a child, the nurse finds that the child is able to understand the nurse's words, yet only communicates by pointing at things when needed. What does the nurse infer from these findings? Which language disorder is the child exhibiting?

Expressive language delay

Which items would the nurse avoid giving to a hospitalized child who is in an oxygen-rich environment?

Friction toys

The nurse would provide which pieces of advice to help parents as they select a preschool for their child?

Inquire about the play facilities. Take note of the student-to-staff ratio. Observe the environment in the school

The nurse is caring for a 5-year-old child. The nurse finds that the child is unable to distinguish between similar-sounding words and has difficulty following directions while playing. Which process is underdeveloped in this child?

Phonological processing

The nurse is caring for a child who is under stress. Which type of play does the nurse expect to be helpful for the child?

Play therapy

While caring for a group of children, the nurse observes that the therapist is involving them in dramatic play. Which type of therapy does the nurse expect is in progress?

Play therapy

Which action by a child is considered a prerequisite for speech therapy?

Playing the clarinet

Which characteristic feature develops in a child by 2½ years of age?

Possessiveness