Observation and Assessment Midterm

Small muscle

(Fine motor) muscles that control the hands and fingers

Large muscle control

(Gross motor) muscles used in moving the body from one place to another

Document

(verb)-the action of preserving data for later review; (noun)- the product that preserves the data, evidence, artifacts

portfolio

A collection of documentation about the child's development

File access log

A form in the portfolio that records the name, purpose and date of each person who views the file

Referral

A recommendation made for further evaluation by a helping professor

Recording

A system or method of writing down what has been observed

Response to Intervention (RTI)

A three-tiered framework intended to prevent learning delays from becoming learning disabilities

Self-care

Ability to eat, toilet, dress, keep clean and keep safe

social competence

Ability to maintain interactions to have friends

Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)

Behavioral levels that can be attained with assistance

Development

Change that takes place in a predictable sequence, from simple to complex, but in a different pace for individual people

Work sample

Child's work such as drawings, writings, constructions, audio/video recordings or photographs

Story diction

Children write and produce a story or episode

Egocentric

Cognitive state in which the child is not able to take another persons point of view

Object permanence

Cognitive understanding that objects and persons continue to exist even out of sight

Evaluation

Comparison of information gathered against a standard of criteria

Inference

Conclusions, judgement, explanation

Ecological view

Consideration for all aspects that influence a human being

Objective

Detached, impersonal, observed, unprejudiced, data only

Running record

Detailed account of a segment of time

Proximodistal

Development of muscle control from center of body to extremities

Failure to thrive syndrome

Developmental delays caused by physical or emotional factors

Digital video recorder

Device that record images and sound electronically

Audio recorders

Devices that make reproductions of sound

separation anxiety

Distress when a parent leaves an infants presence, beginning at 8 or 9 months and usually disappears at about 24 months

stranger anxiety

Distress when approached by unfamiliar person

Least restrictive environment

Educational placement of children with special needs

Attachment

Emotional bond to primary caregiver

Daily log or journal

End of the day account from recall

universal design for learning (USL)

Environments, materials useable by everyone, including those with disabilities

Good-bye routines

Establishing routines to help child with separation

Informed consent

Ethical practice of obtaining permission before using a person as a subject in photographic, audio or video recordings

Anecdotal recording

Factual narrative of an incident

Sociodramatic play

Fantasy play episode where others involved

Learned helplessness

Feeling inadequacy resulting from continued dependence on others

Portfolio evidence sheet

Index of pieces of documentation contained in the portfolio

Frame of reference

Individual point of view influenced by many factors

Cultural self

Individuals self view of genetic and societal characteristics

Cultural self

Individuals social context

Subjective

Influenced by state of the mind, point of view, inferential

Sensory integration

Information taken in through the senses and organized for controlled body reactions

Scaffolding

Linking present knowledge or skills to a higher level, assisted by a more knowledgeable or skilled individual

Constructive play

Manipulating objects, such as blocks to create a different judicial product

Functional play

Manipulation of objects with no particular goal other than to examine and practice

Checklist

Method of documenting he presence or absence of a skill or behavior in developmental sequence

Quantitative

Method that provides a numerical count of individual or group action or a numerical score

Criterion-referenced

Method that provides a predetermined standard or guideline to look for and measure against

Narrative

Method that tells a story, including all the details of an incident

Reflex

Muscle reactions to stimuli, not controlled by intent

Closed method

Observation noted without retaining raw details

Autism

Pervasive spectrum disorder with a range of effects in several domains

Solitary play

Play focused on objects or movements, not involved with others

Parallel play

Play near but not interacting with another player

Associative play

Play that is in the same themes but each player playing individually

Cooperative play

Play where players are in the same theme and working towards a common goal

Games with rules

Players take turn and follow mutually understood standards

Bias

Preconceived ideas that may affect objectivity

Open method

Preserves raw details details so separate conclusions can be drawn

Reflective journal

Private, written record of thoughts and feelings

Autonomy

Process of governing oneself

Socialization

Process of learning social skills and personal identity

Assessment

Process of observing, recording and documenting a child's actions, skills and behaviors to measure against a standard

Intentional teaching

Purposeful, planned learning opportunities towards a specific outcome

Growth

Quantitative change that can be measured in numbers

Ceohalocaudal

Sequence of development of muscle control from head to toe

Nature-deficit disorder

Social alienation from spending time outdoors

Class list log

Specific pieces of information in every child in a group

Coping mechanisms

Strategies for overcoming emotional trauma

Summative

Summary description without documentation

Dramatic play

Symbolic play, pretend

Dramatic play

Symbolic play, pretend with or without props and dialogue

Narrative

Tells a story, includes all details example) anecdotal and running record

Family

The group of related or unrelated adults who are legally responsible for the child

Ethics

The moral principles and practices under which an individual operates

Confidentiality

The professional attitude and practice of preserving the privacy of information

Reflections

Thoughtful consideration of the past

Diary

Thoughts and recollections

Technology

Tool used to perform a task

Individualists

Tradition, political cultural system that values independence

Collectivists

Traditions and political system where individual is devalued, focused on the group and interdependence