Occupational Health
What are the size of smoke particles
1 to 0.01
The human ear has sensitivity to what range of sound wave amplitude?
20 micropascals to 200 Pa.
Heat of Combustion
A DRI with a heated filament is designed to detect the heat of combustion resulting from the presence of the combustible gas or vapor. The change in temperature of the heated filament will result in a change in the resistance in the electric current, such that a decrease in resistance reflects the amount of hydrocarbon passing through this instrument. This detection method is important for combustible and flammable gases and vapors in the workplace.
Chloracne
A skin condition characterized by small black follicular plugs and papules on exposed surfaces of workers in contact with clorinated compounds such as cutting oils, paints, varnishes, and lacquers.
This component of the blood cell is responsible for the transformation of oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout the body: A. Red blood cells B. platelets C. White blood cells D. Both a and b
A.
This is an example of toxic effect on the molecular level a. DNA damage. b. Weight loss c. Tumors d. Cell cycle disruption
A.
Which of the following is not an administrative control method. a. barrier at the workstation b. job sharing. c. Work practices d. Scheduling.
A.
Which of the following statements about the liver is false A. A major excretory organ B. Regulates blood sugar levels C. Produces bile salts for the breakdown of fats. D. Carries out biotransformation
A.
What are the two classes of respiratory protective equipment?
Air-purifying respirators, and air-supply respirators.
Fumes
Airborne particles resulting from condensation or sublimation of solid materials, normally metals and sometimes plastics; size range 0.001 to 1 micron.
Cyclone
Also called centrifugal separator. The air enters the tangential pattern and it moves around a cylindrical unit in a circular pattern. The large particles are forced out of the flow by the centrifugal forces and drop into the base of the unit, whereas the small particles continue on where they are trapped by a filter. Using a cyclone unit of a specific design and sampling flow rate respirable portion of airborne dust can be collected.
Dermatitis
An inflammatory condition of the skin. Two types irritant contact dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis.
Spirometer
An instrument that measures lung functions or lung capacity. It provides data about how the lungs are functioning. Total lung capacity = vital capacity + residual volume.
IDLH (immediately dangerous to life and health)
Any atmosphere that poses an immediate hazard to life or poses immediate irreversible debilitating effects on health.
How long does the regenerative or sloughing process of the skin take?
Approximately 28 days.
This term describes a type of chronic liver injury: A. Cytotoxic hypoxia B. Cirrhosis C. Nephronititis D. Arrhythmias
B.
Biological Exposure Indices (BEI)
Biological monitoring is a method of assessing a worker's exposure to chemical through the analysis of determinants such as the chemical itself or metabolites in biological media of the worker. BEIs are use as guidance values for assessing biological monitoring results. The BEIs are used as guidance values for assessing biological monitoring results. The BEI indicates a concentration below which nearly all workers should not experience adverse health effects.
BCRSP
Board of Canadian Registered Safety Professionals.
Atherosclerosis describes this adverse effect of the cardiovascular system: A> Uncontrolled dilation of the vascular walls. B. Uncontrolled constriction of the vascular walls. C. Build up of fats in the arterial wall. D. Build up of carbon dioxide in the heart tissues.
C.
Damages to the Myelin Sheath cause diseases of the: A. Cardiovascular system B. Kidney System C. Nervous System D. Reproductive System
C.
The unit of the kidney that carries out excretion is called the: A. Axon B. Dendrites C. Nephron D. Neuron
C.
What is the two most common health effects cased by organic solvent exposure
CNS disturbance, Hepatic disorder.
CRBOH
Canadian Registration Board for occupational hygienists
Occupational Skin diseases
Caused by biological, chemical, or physical agents.
What are the categories of agents that cause diseases?
Chemical agents, physical agents, biological agents.
Five occupational hazards or stress factors in the workplace
Chemical, physical, biological, ergonomic, pyschosocial.
1. Name and briefly describe the five detection techniques/methods that are used in the direct-reading instruments (DRI) for gases and vapours.
Colorimetric detector tubes, spectrophotometry, heat of combustion, electrochemical, ionization sensors.
Connective tissue
Composed of collagen elastic fibers. Important in providing both flexibility and strength in the skin and support for the nerves and blood vessels passing through the dermis.
Colorimetric Detector Tubes
Contains specific reagent. The reagent is designed to react with the target gas or vapor that will form a coloured reaction product. The specific colour and length of the colour stain will indicate the presence of the target and the airborne concentration.
Which of the following statements is true regarding TLVs: a. The 1999 TLV's are used as legal limits in Ontario b. TLVs are very similar to LC50 C. TLVs are exposure limits set by labour Canada. d. TLVs are to be used as guideline to assist in the control of health hazards.
D
This route of exposure is the most significant for industrial contaminants a. skin absorption b. Skin injection c. ingestion d. inhalation
D.
Which of the following toxic agents exert toxicity to both the male and female reproductive system: A. Lead B. Carbon monoxide C. Radiation D. a and c
D.
Stratum corneum
Dead cells of the skin.
Electrochemical
Designed with sensors to detect changes in the electrochemical parameters such as electrical conductivity or potential. The presence of the target agent in the sensor changes the electrical properties. The amount of change is related to the type of concentration of contaminants.
What are the four major types of particulate matters
Dust, smoke, fumes and mist.
Sweat glands
Excrete sweat or perspiration. Two different types: eccrine and apocrine.
Blinking reflex
Form of natural protection that the eye has is the blinking reflex, which is the action of the eyelids and eyelashes working together such that when any foreign object comes toward the eye they close in a blinking reflex. The eyelids and eyelashes protect the front, or anterior portion of the eye.
Apocrine glands
Found in the areas of armpits and groin. Secretion is sterile but upon exposure to bacteria it will decompose and produce body odor.
External Respiration
Gas exchange that occurs between the lung air and the alveoli and the blood air in the blood system. The exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen takes place at the alveoli blood-capillary membrane.
Non-aqueous solvents
Have physiological effect on CNS where they can act as depressants or anesthetics. Some types can even cause cell necrosis or death due to respiratory arrest.
Aqueous solvents
Have very little vapor formed and has minimal respiratory hazard.
Examples of physical agents
Hearing loss from noise, radiation, extreme temperatures, and vibration.
Name the sources for the development of Occupational exposure limites (OELs).
Human experimental studies, animal experimental studies, industrial experience and epidemiological data, and chemical properties.
Secondary prevention measures
Identify health problems prior to them becoming clinically evident. An example is the blood lead levels measurement of employees exposed to lead or modified work to employee to facilitate return to work.
Breathing process
Includes inhalation and exhalation. Inhalation is the expansion of the lungs, and chest cavity to ventilate the lungs and the alveoli. Exhalation occurs when the diaphragm muscle relaxes and the stored energy in the expanded lung and ribcage puts pressure on the air, forcing it back out. The breathing process is controlled by the medullary respiratory centre.
Threshold Model
Indicates that no harm is expected to occur and where the exposure is virtually safe until we get up to the threshold limit above which there is potential for damage to occur.
Examples of biologic agents
Infectious or parasitic diseases, working whereby there is a risk of contamination.
Conjunctivitis
Inflammation of the conjunctiva caused by bacteria or viral infection, allergy or environmental factors.
Irritant contact dermatitis
Irritation of the skin is experienced as a result of direct contact with a toxic agent which causes damage to cells, physical damage, and or removing the protective skin oils.
LC 50 (Lethal Concentration 50)
Is a concentration of a substance usually as gases or vapors in the air when administered over specific period may cause death of 50% of test animal population.
Linearity Model
Is a straight line model for each dose there is a relatively increased probability of a response.
Welder's flash
Is an acute irritation of the cornea and conjunctive. This is a result of exposure to UV light from arc welding operations.
Smoke
Is an air suspension of particles usually originating from combustion and/or sublimination. Smoke can contain liquid droplets as well as dry particles; size range 0.01 to 1 micron.
Safety
Is being free from hazards or danger and performing a task in an accident free manner.
Mist
Is suspended liquid droplets usually generated by a condensation process such as when a gas transforms to the liquid state; size range 0.1 to 10 micron. A mist may also occur through splashing activities and atomizing processes.
Biotransformation
Is the process of the structural modification of toxicants that occurs as part of the defense mechanisms of the body.
Bioaccumulation
Is the process whereby certain chemicals are stored in sites inside the body. Instead of leaving the body they reside in storage sites in fat tissue, bones, or plasma.
Acclimitization
Is the second phase of output stage, may occur in which changes take place but do not impede the normal bodily function.
Forced Vital capacity
Is the volume of air that is forcibly expired after maximal inspiration. Sometimes called a time forced vital capacity because it measure air which is being forced out as quickly as possible.
Turpintine.
Is used in the chemical industry as a raw material in the synthesis of resins, insecticides, oil additives, synthetic pine oil and camphor. It is also used as a rubber solvent in the manufacture of plastics.
What is the particulate size of dust?
It can range from 1 microns up to visible sizes which is 100 microns plus.
ALARA (as low as reasonably achievable)
It means the implementation of controls to reduce the exposure to the lowest practical level. This is applicable to hazards that are considered to be carcinogens or sensitizing agents.
Elutriation
Large particles settle out of the air flow by gravitational forces and the small particles remain airborne. This process is usually used to remove coarser materials prior to the particulate matters collection using filters. It is a process similar to that of gravel settling at the bottom of a river before the fine silt does. Elutriation is normally done in a horizontal or vertical position.
Blood vessels
Located in the dermis are important in thermal regulation.
What are the 4 main classifications of occupational skin diseases?
Mechanical, chemical, physical biological.
Melanin
Melanocytes manufacture the pigment granules called melanin. The amount of melanin produced determines the skin colour. Melanin protects the skin from UV rays.
Tertiary preventive mmeasures
Minimized adverse clinical/health effects of diseases in order to prevent further progression and disability. Example is lead poisonings treatment through administration of chelating medication and rehabilitation services after an injury.
Its shape is usually spherical and its particle size is between 0.1 and 10 microns.
Mist
Organic Dusts
Originates from plant and animal material or from synthetic material.
Occupational Respiratory Diseases
Pneumoconiosis, bronchopulmonary diseases, occupational asthma.
Allergic Contact Dermatitis
Prolonged exposure causes the skin to become sensitized to the agent.
What is the disease caused by crystalline free silica?
Pulmonary fibrosis or pneumoconiosis.
What is the particle size of fumes
Range from 1 micron to 0.01 micron or less in diameter.
Erythema
Redness or inflammation of the skin or mucous membranes, that is a result of dilation of the superficial capillaries.
Primary prevention measures
Reduce the risk of disease in the workplace by reducing exposure of hazardous agents. Example is wearing PPE when exposed to contact or airborne diseases or getting vaccinated.
Health
Refers to being free of disease and free of physiological impairments.
Amplitude
Refers to the degree of variation or fluctuation from normal that the sound has created. It also referred to as the intensity or loudness.
What are threshold limit values (TLVs).
Represent conditions under which is believed that nearly all workers may be exposed everyday without adverse health effects. They are health based values that are established by committees that reviewed and published and peer reviewed literature in various scientific disciplines.
Second most common route by which chemicals enter the body.
Skin absorption.
Supra-linearity Model
Specifies that for each dose there is multiple increase in the response such that this model indicates there is a greater response per dose.
Sub-linearity Model
Specifies that you need much larger dose to set any response and it is not unit you approach the threshold level you will get any significant response.
Describe how the cochlea sense the sound energy and how the frequency and amplitude of the sound wave influence this hearing apparatus.
The cochlea contains the organ of Corti where the sensory hair cells are located. As the oval window is stimulated by the mechanical vibration of the ossicles, the energy sets the fluid in motion in the cochlea. These fluid motions of the inner ear are sensed by the sensory hair cells in the organ of corti. The detected vibrations are in turn translated into nerve impulses that are carried to the brain via the auditory nerve.
What are the 7 different kinds of defense mechanisms that are used to protect the respiratory system
The coughing mechanism, humidification, secretion of mucous, cilia, antibodies, macrophages, filtration mechanism.
Hair follicles
The dermis also contains hair follicles which produce hair and thereby provide protection for the outer layer in terms of mechanical shading, water loss, and are important in terms of temperature control. It also acts as a filter for the eyes, ears, and nose. Hair follicles are also potential routes for substances to enter the body.
LD 50 (lethal Dose 50)
The dose of a substance if given at once may cause death of 50% of the test animal population. Describes solids or liquids.
Hazard Pathway
The hazard pathway describes the source, the path, and the receiver of the exposure. The first control alternative is to control the hazard at its source. The second is to control the hazard along its path toward the worker. The third alternative is to limit the exposure at the receiver.
What are the three tiny ossicles in middle ear?
The malleus, incus and the stapes.
The frequency or pitch refers to?
The number of waves arriving at the ear each second, or the number of cycles per second at which the waves are moving.
Occupational Hygiene
The science and art devoted to the anticipation, recognition, evaluation, and control of those environmental factors or stresses arising in or from the workplace which may cause sickness, impaired health and well-being, or significant discomfort among worker's or among citizens of the community.
Why is the skin a vulnerable organ to the human body with respect to occupational health?
The skin is the interface between the environment and the body, there is a potential for direct contact with hazardous chemical, biological, physical, and mechanical agents. It also may be a point of entry for a number of hazardous chemicals.
Toxicokinetics
The study of the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion/elimination of toxicants in the body.
True Respiration
The ultimate utilization of the oxygen during a chemical pathway in body cells to produce energy and release carbon dioxide. Oxygen is breathed in from the atmosphere and used by the body and the carbon dioxide moves in the reverse direction. These gases move throughout the body systems by diffusion. because of the difference in partial pressures in the tissue cells and the blood system, the gases moves from the area of high pressure to an area of low pressure. Once the gases are in the blood system, they are moved mechanically throughout the circulatory system by the pumping action of the heart.
Forced expiratory volume (FEV1)
The volume of air exhaled during the first or second expiratory maneuver.
Lacrimal Glands
These glands are responsible for tear secretion. These tears contain lysozyme, an antibacterial enzyme which helps in cleaning the conjunctiva and the eye.
Spectrophotometry
They are designed to measure specific radiant energy. It is based of the absorption or radiant energy, the presence and/or the amount of the target agent is determined. Spectrophotometers generally are designed to detect radiant energy interaction in the ultraviolet infrared or visible light ranges.
Compton Effect
This involves the glancing collision of gamma or x-ray with an orbital electron. This glancing collision only part of the energy of the x-ray or gamma ray is passed on to the electron and lower energy gamma or x-ray goes off in a different direction to interact further.
Photoelectric Effect
This occurs when an electron is ejected from its orbit by the x-ray of gamma ray. All the energy of the x-ray or gamma ray is imparted to the electron, creating a high energy electron.
Pair production
This occurs when the gamma and x-rays come in close contact with the nucleus of an atom. There is a conversion of the x-ray and gamma ray into a pair of particles, an electron and a proton
Explain three reasons for conducting area sampling
To check the effectiveness off control measure and control equipment, in place to eliminate hazard. To detect leaks in valves, pipes, and containers suspected to have caused problems previously. To connect the area samplers to an alarm system so that when concentrations of a chemical become equal or above the action level an alarm will sound.
What factors ultimately determines the health risk of exposure are?
Toxicity of the agent, duration of exposure, and concentration/intensity of the exposure.
Mineral Spirits
Used for thinning oil based paints, varnishes, stains, and polyurethanes. Also used as a cleaner on brushes, tools, and equipment while paints and other substances are still wet.
Impaction
Using apparatus called impactors involves a change in direction of the airflow. In such cases the larger or heavier particles carried by the air stream cannot make the change because of the inertia. This causes the particles to impact on a plate where they are collected then analyzed. This is a technique used in the analysis of particle size distribution of the airborne particulate matters.
Tympanic membrane
Vibrates in response to sound waves and transmits this acoustic energy to the middle ear. It acts as the transfer of energy from the gaseous medium in the air to the solid medium in the middle ear.
Internal Respieration
Where there is as exchange between the lung air in the alveoli and the blood air in the blood system. Oxygen leave s the blood system and diffuses into the tissues while carbon dioxide leaves the tissues and enters the blood system.
Occupational MSK disorders
Work activities such as repetitive motion, forceful exertion, awkward postures, or vibration.
Hearing loss due to old age is called: a. presbycusis b. presbyopia. c. Presbiatrics d. Presbyterianism.
a
The type of dermatitis that is caused by oil plugging up the hair follicle is a. acne. b. erythema c. hyperkeratinosis d. ulcers.
a
This is not the adverse health effect associated with Raynuad's phenomenon. a. spinal column disorder. b. Damage of nerve cells in the fingers. c. Blood vessel damages d. Blanching of the fingers
a
This type of toxic agent affects the body's ability to transport or use oxygen: a. asphyxiants b. Anesthetics c. Hematotoxic agents d. neurotoxic agents
a
Which of the following considerations is relevant to the question: When to sample? a. Work task and process analysis b. employment records c. sensitivity of the sampling instrument d. They physical states of the toxic agent of concern.
a
Which of the following description of lung volumes has the lowest volume? a. tidal volume b. Total lung capacity c. vital capacity. d. Functional residual capacity
a
Which of the following is not a defence mechanism of the respiratory system: a. osmosis b. humidification. c. Macrophages d. coughing
a
Which of the following is not an organic (non-aqueous) solvent? a. hydrochloric acid b. Benzene c. ethanol d. perchloroethylene
a
Which of the following statements are true regarding LC50 a. Applies to contaminants in the gaseous state. b. uses the unit mg of toxic substance per unit weight of the test animal. c. applies to chronic toxicity assessment. d. Can be used as exposure guideline to evaluate occupational exposure.
a
Which of the following statements is true regarding the use of activated charcoal solid sorbent tubes for air sampling? a. Has a front and back section to monitor collection efficiency. b. High collection efficiency for collecting welding fumes. c. High efficiency for collecting polar compounds. d. React with the air target contaminant to give a direct reading based on formation of color stain.
a
Which one of the following statements about noise exposure criteria is true: a. 3 db exchange rule is more protective than 5-db exchange rule. b. 3 db exchange rule is an outdated way of assessing acoustic energy. c.. 5-db exchange rule is used for noise exposure limits under the current Ontario Industrial Regulation. d. 5-db exchange rule is used for assessment of impact noise only.
a
which one of the following heat stress control measures specifically control the radiant heat load on the body a. Insulation of the furnace wall. b. Installation of fans. c. Wear short-sleeves shirt and short pants. d. provide cool air vents.
a
naphtha
a volatile, flammable liquid made of hydrocarbons
Melanin is a very important component of the skin because: a. It absorbs UV rays b. It has bactericidal properties. c. It regulates the release of body oils as a lubricant. d. It is the cause of photosensitization.
a.
This is the action that most influence the deposition of particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter of less than 1 micron. a. brownian motion b. humidity c. impingement d. centrifugal force
a.
At what frequency does hearing loss occur?
at the first 3000 to 4000 hertz frequency.
Air sampling using a liquid medium is considered to be a: a. grab sampling technique. b. absorption sample technique. c. Adsorption sampling technique. d. Diffusion sampling technique.
b
Chlorinated hydrocarbons have general toxic effects on: a. CNS and respiratory system. b. CNS and hepatic system c. Respiratory system and hepatic system. d. Hepatic system and reproductive system.
b
Skin exposure to this chemical agent results in progressive deep tissue destruction as well as contact dermatitis: a. hydrochloric acid b. Hydrofluoric acid c. acetic acid d. formic acid
b
The type of particles that are generated after the volatilization of molten metals is considered to be : a. dust b. fume c. smoke d. mist
b
This is not an important element of a typical health and safety management cycle: a. Identify hazards b. Evaluate exposure compliance. c. eliminate hazards. d. Minimize severity of accident.
b
Which of the following describes the relation of frequency and wavelengths of a sound wave? a. wavelength increases, frequency increases b. wavelength increases, frequency decreases. c. Wavelength increases, frequency remains constant. d. None of the above
b
Which of the following is considered to be a proactive type of hygiene assessment triggers? a. compliant investigation b. Compliance assessment c. A work refusal. d. Workers compensation claim.
b
Which of the following measures is considered to be administrative noise controls a. reducing the speed of the machinery b. limiting the amount of time a worker spent in a noisy work area. c. Isolation of the noise source. d. Training the worker about the use of hearing protectors.
b
Which of the following particulate characteristics is not important in the determination of aerodynamic diameter: a. size b. solubility c. density d. Shape
b
Which one of the following statements is true regarding the requirements for the emergency eyewash equipment as specified under the ANSI Standard Z358.1-1998? a. Must be located in an area accessible within 20 seconds. b. must be able to provided 15 minutes of continuous water flow. c. Eyewash bottle is allowed as long as it is accessible within five seconds from the eye hazard. d. both a and b.
b
Ames test is used to test for this cell and tissue disorder: a. carcinogenicity b. Mutagenicity c. Teratogenicity. d. Hypersensitivity
b.
Silicosis is a disease caused by exposure to dust which contains particles of : a. Aluminum silicate b crystalline silica c. amorphous silica. d. silicone.
b.
This part of the respiratory system does not belong to the conducting airways: a. Pharynx. b. Alveoli c. Trachea d. Bronchi
b.
This term refers to a biological, chemical, or physical agent that produces adverse biological effects of any nature: a. Toxicity b. Toxicant C. Toxin d. hazard
b.
Which of the following characteristics does not describe the magnitude or intensity of vibration exposure. a. Displacement b. frequency c. velocity d. acceleration.
b.
Biotransformation is used to describe this process: a. elimination of CO via the respiratory tract. b. Storage of lead in the bones. c. Hydroxylation of benzene to form phenol d. The distribution of carboxyhemoglobin in the body.
c
Human hearing sensitivity falls under this range: a. 0 Hz to 2000 Hz. b. 2 Hz to 2000Hz c. 20Hz to 20000Hz d. 200 Hz to 20000 Hz
c
Initial sign of noise-induced hearing loss is generally shown by a decrease of hearing sensitivity in this frequency level. a. 500Hz b. 1000 Hz c. 4000 Hz d. 10000 Hz
c
The following property of an organic solvent does not describe the likelihood of the liquid to become a vapor? a. boiling point. b. flash point c. specific gravity d. vapor pressure.
c
This sensory hair cells responsible for the detection of sound wave energy are located in : a. auditory canal. b. Malleus c. Organ of corti d. semicircular canals.
c
Which of the following movements of particulate matters are typically caused by material handling for example when materials falling down a chute: a. momentum b. mechanical c. induction. d. Convection
c
Which of the following statements is false regarding cold stress control measures. a. acclimatization is important. b. personal protective clothing must be worn at all times. c. Continuous work is preferred over breaks. d. Barrier of wind is important.
c
Which of the following statements is true regarding the epidermis of skin? a. Blood cells are located in the epidermiss layer. b. the epidermis is mainly made up a connective tissues c. Epidermis contains stratum corneum. d. epidermis contains sebaceous glands.
c
Which of the following statements is true? a. action level is the exposure limit of the toxic agent. b. Action level is one tenth of the exposure limit of the toxic agent. c. The desirable sampling duration ( how long to sample, is influenced by the types of exposure limit for the toxic agent of concern. d. The desirable sampling duration (how long to sample is influenced by the types of respiratory protection worn by the worker.
c
Which of the following type of gases/vapours enters the body via the lung and exert its toxicity on the CNS: a. nitrogen dioxide b. hydrogen cyanide. c. Anesthetic gases d. nitrogen
c
Which one of the following mode of a person's body heat exchange is always negative (i.e. Heat loss); a. Conduction b. Convection C. Evaporation D. Radiation
c
Which one of the following parts of the eye is not involved in the vision process. a. pupil b. iris. c. lacrimal glands d. Retina.
c
Aerosols is a term used to describe the following types of air contaminants: a. gases vapours b. gases, vapors, smokes and fumes c. smoke fumes dusts. d. gases vapors smokes, fumes, and dusts.
c.
Which of the following dust control measures does not control the exposure at the source: a. local exhaust ventilation b. process isolation c. worker rotation d. wet cleaning methods
c.
Particulate matters having the following diameter is considered to be in the respirable range: a. greater than 100 microns b. Greater than 10 microns c. less than 100 microns. d. less than 10 microns.
d
Pneumoconiosis is an example of this type of respiratory system toxic effects: a. acute cell injury b. Increase in airway resistance. c. disturbance of muco-ciliary transport d. Chronic lung disease.
d
The two main concerns of occupational exposure to cold stress are: a. hyperthermia and raynauds phenomenon. b. hyperthermia and windchill c. Hypothermia and raynaud's phenomenon. d. Hypothermia and frostbite.
d
This anatomical part of the ear does not play a role in the amplification of sound as energy as it travels through the ear: a. eardrum b. ossicles. c. oval window d. eustachian tube
d
This category of eye hazard leads to the eye disease called glaucoma: a. Exposure to water soluble chemicals b. UV radiation c. Cut or laceration d. Blows from blunt objects.
d
This size selective particulate matter sampling device is used for the sampling of respirable crystalline silica as required under the Ontario Silica Regulation: a. impactors b. elutriators c. optical sensors d. cyclones
d
This temperature measurement assesses the impact of the thermal environmental condition on evaporative heat transfer: a. dry bulb temperature b. Globe temperature. c. wet bulb globe temperature. d. Natural wet bulb temperature.
d
True respiration is defined as the; a. The relaxation and contraction of the diaphragm. b. The stimulation of the medullary respiratory center. c. The gas exchange between the blood system and the individual tissue cells. d. The utilization of oxygen by the body cells.
d
Which one of the following control measures is unique and important for control of occupational skin hazard exposure? a. First aid training b. WHMIS training C. Ventilation controls d. Personal hygiene.
d
Phagocytosis is considered to be this type of transport mechanism. a. simple diffusion b. facilitated diffusion c. active transport. d. specialized transport.
d.
The part of the brain that plays a role in the regulation of body temperaure is ? a. corpus callosum b. medulla oblongata c. Homeostasus. d. Hypothalamus.
d.
This workplace condition has the greatest influence on toxic substance exposure through the route of ingestion: a. Provision of ventilation controls b. Use of respiratory protective equipment. c. Work sharing. d. Personal hygiene practices.
d.
Which of the following is not an important part of the hazard recognition process: a. Reviewing MSDS of materials used. b. Reviewing process machinery specifications. c. Reviewing past air samples d. Reviewing personal hygiene policy.
d.
What type of particles are contained in smoke?
droplets and dry particles.
Examples of chemical agents
exposure to metals, organic solvents, asphyxiants.
Glaucoma
injury from a blunt object results in a contusion which increases the internal pressure in the eye. This can cause Glaucoma. If glaucoma is not treated it interferes and damages the optic nerve, resulting in lack of vision
If FEV1 is less than 70% of the standard value?
it is an indication that there is some type of dysfunction or some degree of obstructive airway disease preventing the air from being exhaled in the time frame allowed.
Occupational Cancer caused by agents
leukemia from benzene, lung cancer from asbestos, crystalline silica, skin cancer from solar radiation.
What are some examples of agents that cause allergic contact dermatitis?
metal salts such as nickel, chromium, and cobalt, and organic chemicals such as isocyanates, acrylic products, and formaldehyde.
Miliaria
minute vesicles and papules, often with surrounding erythema (redness), caused by occlusion of sweat ducts during times of exposure to heat and high humidity
Dust
or solid particles may be either organic or inorganic material generated by mechanical means or some type of bulk degradation such as grinding, size range 1 to 100 micron and higher.
Personal Sampling
provides info about the exposure of an individual worker. The sampling device must be as close as possible to workers breathing zone, about 30 cm to the workers nose and mouth.
Eccrine glands
secrete eccrine sweat that is important for thermal regulation. It is a dilute aqueous solution such that evaporation of this solution from skin allows the body to cool.
sebaceous glands
secrete sebum (oil) into the hair follicles where the hair shafts pass through the dermis
Photosensitization
sensitization of the skin to light, usually from the action of drugs, plant products, or other substances
What are the five main reasons to trigger an occupational assessment in the workplace
to determine if exposure is in compliance with exposure limits, determine health effects with exposure to these hazards, evaluate exposure controls, may obtain exposure info for research and may want to carry out an assessment of workplace hazards.